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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Injury and illness in the American workplace: a comparison of data sources.

Setting priorities for workplace health and safety research depends upon accurate and reliable injury and illness data. All occupational health databases have limitations when used to summarize the national scope of workplace hazards. The comparison of data from multiple sources may produce more credible estimates of the leading occupational injuries and illnesses. The purpose of this paper is to describe the strengths and weaknesses of six data collection systems that record occupational injuries and illnesses on a national level and to compare the leading estimates from these systems for 1990. The six systems are: 1) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities database, 2) the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 3) The Bureau of Labor Statistics Annual Survey data, 4) a large workers' compensation database, 5) the National Council on Compensation Insurance data, and 6) The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Occupational injuries, as defined herein, predominate over illnesses in terms of the number of cases and the overall costs. Databases that provide information on the antecedents of injuries suggest how these injuries may be prevented and warrant more attention and refinement.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1997

Use of relational database management system by clinicians to create automated MICU progress note from existent data sources.

We designed and built an application called MD Assist that compiles data from several hospital databases to create reports used for daily house officer rounding in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). After rounding, the report becomes the objective portion of the daily "SOAP" MICU progress note. All data used in the automated note was available in digital format residing in an institution wide Sybase data repository which had been built to fulfill data needs of the parent enterprise. From initial design of target output through actual creation and implementation in the MICU, MD Assist was created by physicians with only consultative help from information systems (IS). This project demonstrated a method for rapidly developing time saving, clinically useful applications using a comprehensive clinical data repository.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative data sources in a case-control study of conjugated estrogens and cancer.

In a case-control study of the relationship of conjugated estrogen use to endometrial and breast cancer, we compared the availability and quality of information on risk factors from hospital charts and gynecologists' records. Of the women for whom an indication of Premarin use was recorded in either source, 19 percent would have been classified as nonusers by the hospital chart alone, a proportion that was similar for the breast (18 percent) and uterine (14 percent) cancer cases and controls (23 percent). However, for current use of Premarin, a higher proportion (28 percent) of users were identified solely through the gynecologists' records, and this proportion was even higher among controls (42 percent) than among either breast (18 percent) or uterine (15 percent) cancer cases. As a result, relative risk estimates varied according to the source of exposure date. Physicians' records also provided substantially more detail than hospital records on duration of Premarin use, especially for controls. Most demographic, medical, and reproductive variables were adequately available from the hospital charts alone. However, certain reproductive variables, such as age at first birth, presence or absence of ovaries, and age at menarche, were not adequately recorded in either source. These results suggest that gynecologists' records provide more accurate exposure data than hospital charts to determine current use of conjugated estrogens. Moreover, in the assessment of certain reproductive variables, the use of both these record-based sources may not be sufficient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Relations of job characteristics from multiple data sources with employee affect, absence, turnover intentions, and health.

Much of the evidence in support of job characteristics theory is limited to incumbent reports of job characteristics. In this study, job characteristics data from three independent sources--incumbents, ratings from job descriptions, and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles--were used. Convergent validities of incumbent reports with other sources were quite modest. Although incumbent reports of job characteristics correlated significantly with several employee outcomes (job satisfaction, work frustration, anxiety on the job, turnover intentions, and number of doctor visits), the other sources showed few significant correlations, except for number of doctor visits. Caution is urged in the use of incumbent self-reports of job characteristics as indicators of actual work environments. New methods for studying job characteristics are suggested.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1976

Medicaid records as a valid data source: the Tennessee experience.

Health care researchers rarely employ Medicaid claim files as a data base, in part because they are designed to serve fiscal and administrative ends. Indeed, some investigators have emphasized the deficiencies in such records. In contrast, we have found Tennessee Medicaid data to be suitable for research. A statewide automated data processing system reduces the occurrence of many of the errors noted by others. Further, analysis of the July 1974 month of payment file illustrates the accuracy and internal consistency of Tennessee Medicaid data. Specimen legend drug results for ambulatory patients suggest investigations of physician prescribing patterns. Evaluation of the Medicaid claims processing system suggests other applications in health care administration and research. In a time when available resources are dwindling, the incisive use of Medicaid claims files offers an attractive alternative to expensive new systems of data collection and analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Linking multiple data sources in fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance--Alaska.

Although fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a major preventable cause of mental retardation in the United States (1), surveillance for this problem is subject to at least five constraints: difficulty in identifying the syndrome at birth (2); the subjective nature of the diagnosis; variability in the severity and type of conditions associated with FAS; age-specific variations in the expression of the phenotype; and the lack of specificity in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code for FAS. Previous studies have documented high rates of FAS among American Indians and Alaskan Natives (ANs) (3,4). To better ascertain cases of FAS in Alaska and to determine the prevalence of this problem among ANs, the Alaska Department of Health and Social Services (ADHSS), the Indian Health Service (IHS), and CDC linked and analyzed data from state sources (i.e., birth and death certificates and Medicaid claims), an IHS case file, and a private pediatric practice case file. This report summarizes the findings from this analysis and presents a preliminary minimum FAS prevalence rate for ANs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Health based geographical information systems: their potential examined in the light of existing data sources.

There is much potential for the use of geographical information systems (GIS) within the management and analysis of health and health care data. This paper addresses the problems of using routine data in the creation of geographical information systems for health. The numerous sources of British official routine health information however vary greatly in their geographical coverage and geographical detail. Particular attention therefore focuses upon the extent to which existing data sets can readily be used within GIS. Recommendations for changes in the data collection process are forwarded to improve the potential for GIS use. The overall utility of geographical health information systems within health service planning is illustrated using the example of community based activities.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data sources and methods for ascertaining human exposure to drugs.

Estimates of population exposure based on drug use data are critical elements in the post marketing surveillance of drugs and provide a context for assessing the various risks and benefits associated with drug treatment. Such information is important in predicting morbidity and planning public health protection strategies, indepth studies, and regulatory actions. Knowledge that a population of one thousand instead of one million may potentially be exposed to a drug can help determine how a particular regulatory problem will be handled and would obviously be a major determinant in designing a case-control or cohort study. National estimates of drug use give an overview of the most commonly used drug therapies in current practice. They also furnish valuable comparison data for specific studies of drug use limited to one group of drugs, one geographic region, or one medical care setting. The FDA has access to several different national drug use data bases, each measuring a different point in the drug distribution channels. None covers the entire spectrum of drug exposures. The major "holes" in this patchwork of data bases are the inability to measure OTC drug use with any accuracy and the lack of qualitative information on drug use in hospitals. In addition, there is no patient linkage with the data. The data can only show trends in drug use. They impart no sense of the longitudinal use of drugs for individual patients. There is no direct connection between the different data bases, all of which have their own sampling frames and their own projection methodologies. The market research companies have complete control over these methodologies and they are subject to periodic changes, a situation not entirely satisfactory for epidemiologic research. Sometimes it is a struggle to keep up with these changes. Over the past two years, every one of these data bases has undergone some type of sampling or projection methodology change. One important limitation to the use of all of these data bases is that they are subscription data bases, that is, the FDA purchases the data under contract to the marketing research companies and by doing so assumes certain contract obligations. Anytime the FDA wants to release any data outside of the Agency, it must first notify the company in sufficient time for review and approval. Subscribing to these data bases is costly, but the subscription cost is insignificant, compared to the estimated cost of duplicating these services. In spite of all of the limitations of these systems, there are obvious advantages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Computers↗
PubMed1997

Predictions of hospital mortality rates: a comparison of data sources.

BACKGROUND: Comparing hospital mortality rates requires accurate adjustment for patients' intrinsic differences. Commercial severity systems require either administrative data that omit vital clinical facts about patients' conditions at hospital admission or costly, time-consuming abstraction of medical records. The validity of supplementing administrative data with laboratory data has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To compare risk-adjusted mortality predictions using administrative data alone; administrative data plus laboratory values; and the combination of administrative, laboratory, and clinical data. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 30 acute care hospitals. PATIENTS: 46,769 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS: Each patient's probability of dying was estimated by using administrative data only (unrestricted administrative models), administrative data restricted to secondary diagnoses that are unlikely to be hospital-acquired complications (restricted administrative models), restricted administrative data plus laboratory data (laboratory models), and restricted administrative data plus laboratory and abstracted clinical data (clinical models). RESULTS: The unrestricted administrative models predicted death better than the restricted administrative models (average areas under the receiver-operating characteristic [ROC] curves, 0.87 and 0.75, respectively) and as well as the laboratory models and the clinical models (average areas under the ROC curves, 0.86 and 0.87, respectively). The good mortality predictions obtained by using the unrestricted administrative models result from inclusion of hospital-acquired complications that commonly precede death. The laboratory models ranked 93% of patients and 95% of hospitals in a manner similar to the clinical models; in comparison, rankings provided by the laboratory models were similar to those provided for 75% of patients and 69% of hospitals by the unrestricted administrative models and for 72% of patients and 77% of hospitals by the restricted administrative models. CONCLUSIONS: Adding laboratory data (often available electronically) to restricted administrative data sets can provide accurate predictions of inpatient death from acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia. This alternative avoids the cost of data abstraction and the serious errors associated with using administrative data alone.

Adult↗