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PubMed1955

Intracellular changes due to neutral red as revealed in the pancreas and kidney of the mouse by the electron microscope.

The effects of sublethal amounts of the cationic dye, neutral red, upon the structure of pancreatic exocrine cells, and upon the mitochondria of renal distal tubule cells, have been studied with the electron microscope. It was found that neutral red is a cytoplasmic toxin which causes reproducible and characteristic changes in the ergastoplasm, the zymogen granules, the mitochondria, and possibly in the Golgi complex. Ergastoplasmic membranes and granules and zymogen granules lose definition and become continuous with the cytoplasmic matrix. Mitochondria lose their internal folds, develop vacuoles which contain a solution of neutral red in high concentration, and form the nidus for the development of sudanophilic, argyrophilic, osmiophilic inclusions which appear in the cytoplasm after neutral red administration. Golgi granules, one of the three elements of the Golgi complex, appear to increase in number and to be scattered more widely through the cytoplasm than is normal. No consistent changes were found in the cell membrane or nucleus. The ability of the mitochondria to concentrate the cation, neutral red, taken with its well known ability to concentrate the cationic Janus dyes and methylene blue, and its probable role in concentrating those cationic dyes which have been used to demonstrate the "vacuome," is interpreted to signify that one of the functions of mitochondria may be to concentrate intracellar cations.

Animals↗
PubMed1952

The effect of dyes on the calcification of hypertrophic rachitic cartilage in vitro.

The calcification of rat hypertrophic cartilage slices in vitro is markedly inhibited by preliminary exposure to metachromatic and other basic dyes. The dyes are effective at 10(-3) to 10(-4)M in the absence of calcium and phosphate. This inhibition does not occur at the same low dye concentration if calcium and phosphate are present. Neither ion alone is effective in preventing the inhibition. The inhibitory action can be removed by placing slices which have been treated with basic dye in a solution which contains calcium and phosphate ions, plus an acid dye, Orange G. Most acid dyes do not inhibit calcification, except at very high concentrations. Alizarin and quinalizarin are exceptional, and produce marked inhibition at 10(-3)M, an effect which is perhaps attributable to the tendency of these dyes to form lakes with calcium. Rachitic cartilage slices which no longer calcify in inorganic phosphate as a result of treatment with basic dyes show normal calcification in the presence of organic phosphate esters. These results are discussed in terms of the possibility that chondroitin sulfate ester participates in normal calcification.

Animals↗