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PubMed1977

Dermatoglyphic patterns in trisomy 8 syndrome.

Up to the present, 38 cases of trisomy 8 have been found. As most of the patients showed mosaicism, the clinical picture is variable and it seems possible that some mosaics will not be detected by the usual cytogenetic examination of blood cultures. We therefore examined the dermatoglyphics of our own case and compared the results with the findings in the other cases reported in the literature, in order to establish a typical dermatoglyphic pattern in trisomy 8 which might be useful in diagnosis. All patients exhibited several unusual dermatoglyphics, including: a low TFRC (x=96.06), high palmar (92.9%) and plantar (100%) pattern intensity, a distally placed axial triradius (62.5%), loop with accessory triradius in an interdigital area (91.7%), thenar (68.2%) and hypothenar (50.0%) patterns, simian crease (47.1%), bilateral arches on the great toes (88.9%) and hallucal-whorl (72.2%). A distinctive feature was the presence of zygodactylous triradii z, z' and z'' (100%) on the soles of the feet, and deep skin furrows on the palms and soles (68.2%). This combination of dermatoglyphic features appears to be characteristic for the trisomy 8 syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

The dermatoglyphic pattern of the trisomy 9p syndrome.

This paper shows that the study of dermatoglyphics is an objective aid in the clinical diagnosis of chromosomal dysmorphic syndromes. The dermatologlyphic patterns of four patients with trisomy 9p were analyzed and compared with dermatoglyphic data from 63 published case reports on the condition. We consider that the following traits constitute the combination of dermatoglyphic patterns that is specific to trisomy 9p: an excess of arches on the fingertips and toes, a low total finger ridge count, the absence of digital triradii b and c, and the presence of zygodactylous triradii z, z' and z'', a simian crease, a single crease on the 5th finger, a hypothenar crease, a distally placed axial triradius t', a proximal or tibial arch or both on the hallux, and increased intensity of the plantar patterns. A "phantom picture" is constructed, which can be used for dermatoglyphic diagnosis of the trisomy 9p syndrome.

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X↗
PubMed2005

Dermatoglyphic pattern types in subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and their unaffected relatives in the Philippines.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate dermatoglyphic patterns in 95 nonsyndromic Filipino subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and 90 of their unaffected relatives. DESIGN: Retrospective study of dermatoglyphic pattern types. SETTING: Negros Occidental and Cavite in the Philippines. PARTICIPANTS: Nonsyndromic subjects with CL/P and their unaffected relatives. METHODS: Dermatoglyphic patterns were categorized as arch, ulnar loop, radial loop, whorl, or other by three independent raters. Pattern data from the subjects, the unaffected relatives, and an unaffected control population (from the literature) were compared using chi-square tests. As a measure of asymmetry, dissimilarity between pattern types on homologous fingers was quantified and compared using Student's t tests. RESULTS: The frequency of arches (p = .016) and ulnar loops (p = .04) were significantly increased, and whorls decreased in the affected group (p = .0015), compared with the unaffected group. Affected female subjects had significantly more ulnar loops and arches (p = .009 and p = .023, respectively) and fewer whorls (p < .0001) than the unaffected female subjects. There were no significant differences between affected and unaffected male subjects. Dissimilarity scores were significantly different between male and female subjects and between subjects with CL/P and unaffected relatives. Additionally, pattern type frequencies for the relatives fell in between the frequencies for the CL/P group and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: In this Filipino population, differences in frequency of dermatoglyphic pattern types and pattern dissimilarity exist between individuals with orofacial clefts and their unaffected relatives and between both groups and controls, with the major effect seen in female subjects.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1988

Multivariate analysis of dermatoglyphics of severe mental retardates: an application of the constellation graphical method for discriminant analysis.

We studied the dermatoglyphics of 353 severe mental retardates (excluding those with chromosomal abnormalities and major limb malformations), using multivariate analysis, to determine how early intrauterine factors are related to the etiology of mental retardation. First, dermatoglyphics were compared between 140 individuals with undefined prenatal factors and 700 normal controls. After 6 and 9 dermatoglyphic traits were chosen as discriminative variables for males and females, respectively, the data were subjected separately for each sex to the constellation graphical method for discriminant analysis. The same formula as obtained in the idiopathic group was subsequently applied to data from cases in other etiological categories. When the misclassification rate was 0.03, the rates of correct classification of the male patients into the etiological categories of undefined prenatal, defined prenatal, perinatal, postnatal and unknown (no anamnestic data available) categories were 19.7% (13/66), 20.0% (3/15), 8.8% (5/57), 5.0% (1/20) and 7.7% (2/26), while the correct classification rates of females were 24.3% (18/74), 42.1% (8/19), 18.9% (7/37), 5.1% (1/16) and 13.0% (3/23), respectively. The results suggest that early intrauterine factors such as those producing dermatoglyphic deviations may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe mental retardation not only in patients with undefined prenatal etiological factors but also in those with perinatal factors, especially those of the female sex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Dermatoglyphic patterns in Alzheimer's disease.

Selected dermatoglyphic variables were analyzed in 50 patients with presumed Alzheimer's disease (AD), 50 patients with dementia referable to other causes, and 100 control patients without known dementia matched for age, sex, and race. AD patients have a significantly increased frequency of ulnar loops on the fingertips, Simian creases on the palms, palmar hypothenar patterns; and large distal loops in the hallucal region. A trend involving an increased frequency of radial loops on the fourth and fifth digits, Sydney lines on the palms, and small distal loops on the soles was also observed. The presence of eight or more ulnar loops or bilateral hypothenar patterns separates AD patients from controls with 84% sensitivity and 63% specificity, supporting the discriminant value of dermatoglyphics in the categorization of patients and in the potential identification of asymptomatic persons at increased risk for AD by dermatoglyphic criteria. The dermatoglyphic patterns observed in the AD patients correspond remarkably with patterns repeatedly observed in Down's syndrome and parents of Down's syndrome children, suggesting that a common genetic factor modulates epidermal ridge formation during fetal development, meiotic non-disjunction during gametogenesis, and accelerated neuronal senescence.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatoglyphics in sudden infant death syndrome.

An analysis of digital and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns was conducted in 173 victims of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The results expose four dermatoglyphic regions with pattern frequencies differing from those in a control population. These are an excess of Sydney creases, hypothenar patterns, open fields (with fewer vestiges) in interdigital region IV, and arches on all digits (females only). These findings indicate a genetic or early intrauterine environmental influence in SIDS infants. An increased incidence of dysmorphism and anomalies including recognition of specific syndromes support this contention. One could speculate that these dermatoglyphic deviations reflect specific genotypes and/or phenotypes particularly vulnerable to postnatal challenges. Differences in multiple dermatoglyphic categories support the concept of heterogeneity of the SIDS population and multicausality of SIDS.

Boston↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in children with oral clefts.

In humans, the development of the primary palate and the lip is completed by the 7th week of intra uterine life and that of secondary palate by 12th week. The dermal ridges develop in relation to the volar pads, which are formed by the 6th week of gestation and reach maximum size between 12th and 13th weeks. This means that the genetic message contained in the genome--normal or abnormal is deciphered during this period and is also reflected by dermatoglyphics. Hence this study was done in order to observe the differences in dermatoglyphic patterns between the children with oral clefts and normal children and to determine the usefulness of dermatoglyphics in studying the genetic etiology of oral clefts. Dermatoglyphic data from 50 oral cleft children and 50 normal children were collected using the ink method and comparison was done between them. In the present study, we found an increase in the ulnar loop patterns on the distal phalanges of the ten fingers, an increase in the atd angle and an increase in the fluctuating asymmetry of the atd angle in the oral cleft children which indicates the degree of developmental instability of the oral cleft individual.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic traits of Kenyan and Tanzanian subjects.

UNLABELLED: Dermatoglyphic traits, along with other morphological, molecular and biochemical markers have traditionally been used in biological anthropology to explore affinities and differences among human groups. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a cross-sectional study of healthy able-bodied volunteers of indigenous Kenyan and Tanzanian subjects to establish their palmar and digital dermatoglyphic traits, by counting and classifying their ridge pattern configurations of arches, loops, whorls and ridges based on standard techniques. RESULTS: Ulnar loops were the most prevalent digital ridge patterns and arches were the least in our samples with significant sex differences exhibited in arches, ulnar loops and whorls (P < 0.05). Similarly, men had significantly higher TFRC than women in Kenyans (P < 0.001), while Tanzanians showed no sex difference (P < 0.5). Women, however, had higher PII than men in Kenyans but the reverse was true in Tanzanians. In both groups, men showed significantly higher mean a-b ridge counts than women (P < 0.001, Kenyans; < 0.01, Tanzanians), and women showed greater mean atd angles than men (P > 0.5). The TFRC, atd angle and a-b ridge count were significantly different between Kenyans and Tanzanians (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study documents probably for the first time the normal and comparative dermatoglyphic traits of two East African populations, indicating that Tanzanians are dermatoglyphically closer to Malawians than Kenyans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Dermatoglyphics in schizophrenia: qualitative aspects.

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to analyse the value of specific dermatoglyphic characters in assessing prenatal injuries in schizophrenic patients. Analysis of pattern frequency in schizophrenics and normal controls, sex related differences in hand-print patterns in schizophrenic patients, and relationship between dermatoglyphic characters and age of onset of the disease was made. METHOD: Hand-prints of 42 schizophrenic inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and 36 normal controls were obtained using the ink method. To avoid possible confounding, patients with diagnoses of the schizophrenic spectrum, i.e., schizophreniform and schizoaffective, schizotypal and schizoid personality disorder were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in the finger-print patterns were found between the schizophrenic patients and controls. In males this was largely attributed to the increase of whorls and in females--to the increase of arches. Patients with early age of onset showed higher frequency of Lr pattern in the hypothenar area. In terms of dermatoglyphic characters and season of birth the differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The results show an association between the frequency of certain dermatoglyphic characters and schizophrenia. The nature of association can be better evaluated by using the schizophrenia types in further analyses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Dermatoglyphic analysis in Malay subjects with bipolar mood disorder.

Dermatoglyphic is the study of the epidermal ridges and the pattern formed by them. It may be pointed out that genetic factors have a large share in determining the variations in dermatoglyphics. It is however, suggested by evidence that bipolar mood disorder factors are determined more by genetic factors than by the environmental factors. The experiment has been undertaken to look for the effects of the bipolar mood disorder on dermatoglyphics. The dermatoglyphic characteristics of subjects with bipolar mood disorder when compared with control group revealed significant differences. The radial loop were increased in bipolar mood disorder, but there were little changes in 'atd' angles between normal and bipolar mood disorder.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed2001

Sexual dimorphism: asymmetry and diversity of 38 dermatoglyphic traits in five endogamous populations of West Bengal, India.

Five hundred families from five different endogamous populations encompass the main social rank in the caste hierarchy of West Bengal, India were analyzed for the present report. With the aim of comparing dermatoglyphic sexual dimorphism among the groups, analysis of variance and principal component analysis were performed, based on 38 dermatoglyphic variables. Sex dimorphism is homogeneous in nature in all populations, indicating common characteristics of dermatoglyphic variables within the same geographic area. But sex differences display different levels when compared with other racial groups. Therefore, sex differences are different in diverse populations. This would explain the existence of the possible role of environmental prenatal factors in the realization of the level of dermatoglyphic sex differences. Sex differences in asymmetry indices are less pronounced, which indicates that Indian populations are less asymmetric compared to Jewish populations. Fluctuating asymmetry, which is greater in females compared to males, support the hypothesis of Livshits and Kobyliansky--"increased heterozygosity is often associated with a decreased phenotypic variability including a diminished fluctuating asymmetry". A common feature of the principal component factor 1 "digital pattern size factor", in diverse populations indicates its degree of universality, and suggests that the variability of finger ridge counts is determined by the same genes which control the pattern types. The factors "finger ridge count diversity factor", "directional asymmetry factor", "fluctuating asymmetry factor", and "bilateral asymmetry factor" was perhaps described in the literature for the first time in Indian populations. The nature of variation of these components among these populations and between sexes, appears with a good similarity which suggests their biological validity of the underlying component structure. The overall homogeneity of sex dimorphism among 5 populations is well pronounced.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-dermatoglyphic correlations in patients with hyperandrogenia].

A clinical dermatoglyphic study of 100 infertile hyperandrogenic patients demonstrated signs of androgenization in all of those. Their dermatoglyphic parameters differed from normal. Hyperandrogenic patients with treatment-resistant infertility showed a higher degree of androgenization and more significant deviations of dermatoglyphic parameters, as compared to the patients whose treatment resulted in pregnancy. Dermatoglyphic characteristics should be taken into account in predicting the practicability of treatment in patients with infertility due to hyperandrogenism.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Variety of cows and sires according to types of dermatoglyphics (patterns) of the nose-labial mirror of cattle].

Dermatoglyphic+ of the nasal-lip speculum presents a complex structure of skin picture on its surface. Genetics and phenetics of this character permit determining different types of dermatoglyphics, their hereditary peculiarities to be retained in generations. Different types of dermatoglyphics are established to be preserved within genealogical lines and families of cows. Differences between breeds in some dermatoglyphic elements are observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Dermatoglyphic traits in the diagnosis and prognosis of epilepsy].

A total of 549 epileptic children and 162 healthy children were studied dermatoglyphically. The authors found significant dermatoglyphic differences between the control subjects and patients suffering from epilepsy with a progressive and an unprogressive course. Dermatoglyphic characteristics in the epileptic patients varied in groups with different clinical characteristics (age at the onset of the disease and the duration of the latter, the daily development of paroxysms at the same time, a tendency toward a stable course, the presence of psychic states and the resistance to therapy). Statistical task-solving rules for diagnosing epilepsy in children were elaborated. The correct computer-aided diagnosis on the basis of dermatoglyphic examination was made in 70% of the epileptic patients.

Computers↗
PubMed1972

Unusual dermatoglyphic findings associated with cytomegalic inclusion disease of infancy. A first report and practical review.

Infection with the human cytomegalovirus has a teratogenic effect on the fetus during the first trimester of gestation as does rubella. Since unusual dermatoglyphic findings have been observed in infants with congenital rubella infection, the present study was designed to determine whether or not unusual dermatoglyphics occur in patients with cytomegalic inclusion disease of infancy. Analysis of dermatoglyphics in 15 infants with cytomegalic inclusion disease revealed unusual features in all infants. These features are reported here for the first time and are compared with dermatoglyphic findings in a normal population as well as with those of available parents of the infants.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1984

[Dermatoglyphics in families with Potter type III polycystic kidney degeneration].

Several dermatoglyphic studies of patients suffering from genetically determined disorders which are not manifest at birth, indicate an early direct or indirect influence of the causative factors on the formation of dermatoglyphics. On the basis of these observations the present study gives an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative dermatoglyphic characteristics of fingers, palms and soles, as well as body and head measurements and morphological traits of the head and face of nine patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (APCD) type III and of their first and second degree relatives. No malformations nor any significant variation of these variables were observed, i.e. no differences were recorded between patients and controls or patients and their healthy relatives. Yet some interesting trends appeared in dermatoglyphic ridge counts when special methods for intrafamilial comparison were applied. Thus, APCD type III ridge counts on fingers and palms were somewhat lower when plotted against their mid-parent values than those of their healthy sibs. Nevertheless, only studies of additional family material may permit the conclusion that such a constellation is due to type III APCD, and not merely a spurious finding.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Dermatoglyphics in seizure disorders.

A dermatoglyphic study of 197 adult Caucasian males with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy was carried out in an attempt to ascertain possible associations between aberrant dermatoglyphic and seizures and to estimate their diagnostic usefulness. Qualitative and quantitative fingertip and palmar dermatoglyphic traits were evaluated. The data were analyzed by etiology seizures. Previous studies and our own earlier data (Schaumann 1979) analyzed by univariate statistical methods indicated the presence of some dermatoglyphic deviations in patients with epilepsy, suggesting the existence of a genetic predisposition to seizures of various etiologies. In the present study, a multivariate analysis was employed on an enlarged patient sample. Three variables were found to be significant: an increased main line index on the right palm (p less than .01) and decreased a-b ridge counts on both left and right palms (p less than .001). Tests of the eigenvalues showed only one value to be significant and accounting for 71.8% of the intergroup variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Dermatoglyphics of subjects with bronchial cancers].

Every high smokers are not able to make a lung carcinoma, on the over hand nonsmokers can be able to develop a bronchial carcinoma. It is possible that genetic factors can be involved in the occurrence of this carcinoma. Dermatoglyphic studies are one of the technics to appreciate this problem. The study was done upon 37 bronchial carcinoma and 51 lung diseases (European origin, only man, same age). There are some big differences upon: --The Cummins index: the right index as well as the left are higher in bronchial carcinoma than in controls, but it is significative only for the right one (p less than 0,05) (28,89 +/- 3,7 to 26,88 +/- 4,55). --The frequency of the ten fingerprints: the differences between lung carcinoma and controls are highly significative (p less than 0,01) for the whorls (22,7 to 34,9) and slightly significative (p less than 0,05) for the ulna loops (65,4 to 57,4), the other fingerprints (arch, radial loops) are quite the same in the two groups. The studies upon the other figures (TFRC and the position of the axial tri-radius) do not show any differences. It seems to us that the dermatoglyphic studies of men with bronchial carcinoma differ from controls (hospitalized for lung diseases). These population have the same dermatoglyphic structure than a control population from blood donors of Marseilles. The dermatoglyphic studies can be an aid to identify high risk people.

Aged↗