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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A cytochemical study of the effect of cholinergic and beta-adrenergic stimulation on calcium fluxes of rat parotid gland.

Parotid gland tissue from carbachol-treated and isoproterenol-treated rats was studied cytochemically by pyroantimonate precipitation and x-ray microanalysis in an effort to identify any intracellular calcium reservoirs that might be available for use in a stimulus-secretion coupling mechanism, and to determine any differences that might exist in terms of calcium utilization due to the cholinergic or beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms. Stimulation by either secretagogue results in a reduction of mitochondrial and plasma membrane calcium, but the reduction in mitochondrial calcium deposits of carbachol-treated animals is only one-half that of the beta-adrenergic-treated animals. This could possibly suggest a greater dependency on mitochondrial calcium for beta-adrenergic stimulated animals.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1983

Cytochemical studies demonstrating the effect of monosodium glutamate on RNA concentration in neurons in mice.

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the concentration of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the neurons of mice was studied, using the specific cytochemical stain, azure B bromide. The RNA-rich sites such as the nucleolus and the Nissl substances of large neurons showed a marked decrease in the concentration of RNA in the MSG-treated as compared to the control animals. Since RNA is believed to be the principal macromolecule involved in the learning and behavioral processes, previous reports have attributed learning and behavioral dysfunctions in MSG-treated animals to a significant decrease of the RNA concentration in these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cytological and cytochemical analysis of the effects of cis-dichlorodiamino platinum (II) on chick fibroblasts cultivated in vitro.

Chick embryo fibroblasts cultivated in vitro and treated with cis-dichlorodiamino platinum (II) have been analysed by cytological and cytochemical methods. Morphological alterations (in the nucleoli, in the chromatin and in the cytoplasm), inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses and of cell multiplication have been noted. Under some conditions, cells are blocked just before entering into mitosis (G2 block) and can become polyploid. A high degree of cell degeneration has also been observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cytochemical study on the effect of aluminum on neuronal Golgi apparatus and lysosomes.

Ultracytochemical reactions for enzymatic markers were applied to study the effect of aluminum on some cell organelles of neurons in the Ammon cortex and spinal cord in rabbits. The results showed that aluminum caused an appearance of secondary lysosomes and an increase in the number of lysosomes. The latter finding was endorsed by statistical analysis of Ammon neurons using a two-sided t-test. Concomitantly, decrease of the intensity of the reaction for thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) in the Golgi apparatus was found. The reaction for NDPase in the endoplasmic reticulum remained unchanged. Cytochemical reactions for alkaline phosphatase and Mg2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase in the plasmalemma of neurons were negative both in control and in aluminum-treated animals. Our data point to the activation of the system of intracellular digestion and suppression of the enzymatic activities (NDPase, TPPase) of the Golgi apparatus in CNS neurons of rabbits treated with aluminum.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1984

Effect of monensin on the Golgi apparatus of absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat. Morphological and cytochemical studies.

The effect of short-time treatment with the ionophore monensin, administered intraluminally at concentrations of 5 and 10 microM, was studied on the Golgi apparatus of absorptive cells in the small intestine of the rat. At 2-3 min after treatment most of the Golgi stacks exhibited dilated cisternae. At 4-5 min stacked cisternae were absent; they were replaced by groups of smooth-surfaced vacuoles. Dilatation and vacuolization occurred in the entire stacks without preferential effect on any particular Golgi subcompartment. Monensin did not influence the cytochemical Golgi reaction of thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase. The characteristic staining pattern of these two enzymes in all Golgi cisternae of absorptive cells in the proximal small intestine, and the reactivity restricted to trans cisternae in distal segments of the small intestine, were unchanged after treatment with monensin. In the distal small intestine, the cytochemical pattern allowed the monensin-induced vacuoles to be attributed to the former cis- or trans-Golgi face. Further, the cytochemical results demonstrate that vacuolization is not restricted to the stacked cisternae, but includes the trans-most cisterna. The latter, usually located at some distance from the Golgi stacks, has been defined as belonging to the GERL system in several types of cells. The clear response to monensin, an agent that selectively affects the Golgi apparatus, indicates common properties between trans-most and stacked Golgi cisternae.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1994

Cytochemical study of the effect of aluminium on cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells.

The cytotoxic effect of aluminium was studied on cultured goat brain microvascular endothelial cells used as an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Confluent monolayers of these cells were exposed for 4 days to aluminium maltol and, for control purposes, to maltol alone, and also to cadmium chloride as a known cytotoxic substance. The localization of plasmalemma-bound enzymatic activities of 5'-nucleotidase and Ca(2+)-ATPase and the distribution of sialic acid residues were studied at the ultrastructural level. It was observed that the reaction for 5'-nucleotidase activity was only insignificantly affected, indicating its resistance to the cytotoxic action of both substances used. On the contrary, the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase was evidently suppressed, especially in the interendothelial clefts where junctional complexes are presumably to be formed. Aluminium also affects the density of sialic acid residues, as shown by their redistribution, leading to the appearance of relatively long segments of unlabelled apical cell surface. The data obtained suggest that observed changes in the localization of Ca(2+)-ATPase and sialic acid residues can lead ultimately to impairment of the formation and maintenance of intercellular junctions and to disturbances in the negatively charged domains of the endothelial cell surface. Whether these alterations, induced in vitro, contribute to in vivo disturbances of blood-brain barrier function requires further experimental study.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMed1992

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of the effects of prolactin on the lateral prostate and the seminal vesicle of the castrated guinea pig.

Administration of ovine prolactin to castrated guinea pigs for 2 weeks induced hypertrophy of secretory cells in the lateral prostate when compared with the castrated controls. This was accompanied by an apparent increase in the number of profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum and well developed Golgi complexes with dilated cisternae. An increase in the number of low-contrast electron-dense secretory granules was observed 4 weeks after prolactin treatment. In the seminal vesicle, dilatation and degranulation of granular endoplasmic reticulum and an apparent decrease in the number of secretory granules were observed 4 weeks after prolactin administration. Following castration and 2 weeks after prolactin treatment, thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase)-reaction product was mainly confined to 1-2 trans cisternae of the Golgi complexes in secretory cells of the lateral prostate and the seminal vesicle. In both glands, a reduction of TPPase activity was observed 2 weeks following prolactin administration, and the reaction product was totally absent after prolonged treatment for 4 weeks. The present study has provided morphological evidence that prolactin is capable of stimulating the secretory function of the lateral prostate while exerting some inhibitory effects on the seminal vesicle of the castrated guinea pig. In both glands, TPPase activity, and hence the process of glycosylation was inhibited after prolactin administration. The results from radioimmunoassay indicated that the action of prolactin on these glands could be a direct effect and not mediated through testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Cytochemical studies of the effects of activin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) binding by pituitary gonadotropes and growth hormone cells.

Activin stimulates the synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It inhibits the synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH). It acts on gonadotropes by stimulating the synthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors. To test activin's effects on GnRH target cells, pituitary cells from diestrous or proestrous rats were exposed to media with and without 60 ng/ml activin for 24 hr and stimulated with biotinylated GnRH (Bio-GnRH). The populations were double-labeled for Bio-GnRH and/or luteinizing hormone-beta (LH-beta), FSH-beta, or GH antigens. In both diestrous and proestrous rats, activin stimulated more LH and FSH cells and increased the percentages of GnRH target cells. In diestrous rats, activin stimulated increases in the average area and density of Bio-GnRH label on target cells. In addition, more FSH, LH, and GH cells bound Bio-GnRH. The increment in binding by gonadotropes was not as great as that normally seen from diestrus to proestrus, suggesting that additional factors (such as estradiol) may be needed. These data suggest that activin plays an important role in the augmentation of Bio-GnRH target cells normally seen before ovulation. Its actions on GH cells may reflect a role in the transitory change from a somatotrope to a somatogonadotrope that is seen from diestrus to proestrus.

Activins↗
PubMed1988

A structural and cytochemical study of the effects of gossypol on the epithelial cells of the guinea-pig seminal vesicle.

Gossypol acetic acid, given to guinea-pigs at a concentration of 10 mg/kg daily for up to 7 weeks, exerted an inhibitory effect on the secretory activity of the glandular cells of the seminal vesicles. The diminished secretory function was associated with a decrease in thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) (EC 3.6.1.6) activity in the luminal border and the Golgi cisternae. There was no increase in cytoplasmic filaments, and mitochondrial damage was not observed. The most striking effect was on the basal lamina, where the lamina densa increased significantly in thickness, while the lamina lucida decreased marginally in thickness. This was coupled with an increase in proteoglycan content on both sides of the lamina densa. It would appear that gossypol reduces the luminal secretory function on the one hand, while it increases the basal secretory activity on the other, thus modifying the structure of the basal lamina. The functional significance of these changes remains unknown.

Animals↗