Cancer care critical pathways: implementing a successful program.
Change in any form creates stress on systems, yet there is growing awareness within the health care field that change must come as cost-conscious insurers and employers refuse to pay for overextended processes that grew out of the charge-based reimbursement era. Short-term solutions, such as discounted charges and staff cuts, are not the answer when the entire system needs an overhaul. The cost of care escalates and the quality of patient care suffers because the system lacks the appropriate mechanisms to reduce redundancy, eliminate waste, improve effectiveness, and provide the high-quality care that a community expects from its hospital. The outcomes-based critical pathway approach discussed here has been used with great success and differs from classic pathway writing in that only elements related to the specific outcome are allowed on the order set. The critical pathway process starts with a review of historical patient records, which yields information about both historical practice patterns and the provider team. Using this information, a work group is formed and patient goals or outcomes are established for the population in question. The entire system is informed and educated, with special attention given to the medical staff, clinical outcome and financial data are developed and provided to individuals in the process, and a feedback loop is established. Cancer care is an attractive target for critical pathways, because it is an area with high cost and expensive technology, and physician practice patterns and patient outcomes can vary widely. On the flip side, the historically multidisciplinary nature of cancer care offers a good starting point for the collaborative culture needed to successfully implement critical pathways. When done right, critical pathways can decrease morbidity and mortality, reduce redundancy and cost, increase patient satisfaction, and improve patient outcomes. Shifting practice and eliminating variation in practice patterns, without regard to best practices and outcomes, could leave an organization compromised by group norms. Few things will sustain the energy needed to keep the hospital culture moving forward. This is not to say that it cannot be done, because it can. The critical pathway process has noticeable energy cycle levels--periods of high energy and low energy. The two hospitals discussed here reveal their painstaking effort to maintain and invigorate a process that would rather wait another day. Carefully selected work group members, reminders to keep individuals from returning to old practice habits, and an established, firm connection between cost and quality will help carry an organization through periods of low energy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)