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Results for “Contingent Negative Variation”

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PubMed2003

Scalp-recorded contingent negative variation (CNV) increases during experimentally induced sustained ischemic pain in humans.

Contingent negative variations (CNV) after acoustic stimuli (S1) followed by optical ones (S2) were recorded using electroencephalography in 22 healthy students both under control conditions and during ischemic pain to study the effects of sustained pain on CNV. Mean negative CNV-amplitudes and integrated areas below CNV were significantly larger during periods of ischemic pain than under control conditions (16.53 versus 13.11 microV, respectively (P=0.0028) and 8.318 versus 6.357 microV*s, respectively (P=0.00071)). We conclude that deep somatic pain augments CNV. Reduced CNV amplitudes occurring during migraine attacks, however, reflect other mechanisms which may mask the effects of migraine headache on CNV.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The contingent negative variation, personality and antisocial behaviour.

Using a classical click/flash paradigm the contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded from 60 consecutive male admissions to Broadmoor Hospital. Clinical and psychometric Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) assessments were made independently of the electroencephalography (EEG) data. A trend for higher amplitude CNV's to be recorded from patients with a clinical diagnosis of antisocial (psychopathic) personality was observed. Patients with a Mental Health Act diagnosis of psychopathic disorder had significantly higher voltage CNV's than those in the mental illness category. These CNV differences were only found in the primary (non-anxious, sociable) psychopaths. Secondary (neurotic, unsociable) psychopaths did not differ from staff controls. A positive association between CNV voltage and the personality factor of sociability(sociable-shy dimension) was observed. A weak, negative correlation between CNV amplitude and impulsivity (impulsive-controlled dimension) was also apparent. All subjects showed an habituation effect across trials. No difference in response variability between successive series of trials was apparent in any of the patient groups.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Pilot study of computerised differentiation of Huntington's disease, schizophrenic, and Parkinson's disease patients using the contingent negative variation.

In this study a potential known as the contingent negative variation was used to differentiate between schizophrenic, Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) patients and normal control subjects. The aim was to assist diagnosis and the avoidance of false diagnosis. 20 schizophrenic, 16 PD, 11 HD and 43 normal control subjects were enrolled for this study. The discriminatory variables were generated by applying spectral analysis to pre- and post-stimulus sections of the CNV responses. The patient differentiation was achieved by using the measured variables in a discriminant analysis program. It was possible to accurately differentiate between HD, schizophrenic, PD patients and normal control subjects. It was also attempted to differentiate between HD and schizophrenic patients, HD and PD patients, and schizophrenic and PD patients. The test results indicated that the method is useful in differentiating between these patients. This study had a number of limitations. It was based on a limited number of individuals, and an analysis of medication effects on the test results and the test-retest reliability assessment could not be carried out.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed2000

Serotonergic-1a activity and contingent negative variation.

While cholinergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and gabaergic effects on contingent negative variation (CNV) have been largely described, little is known about serotonergic influence. Therefore, the relationship between CNV and serotonergic activity as reflected by prolactin (PRL) response to flesinoxan, a 5-HT(1A) full agonist, has been investigated in 28 healthy volunteers. To investigate the clinical implications of the relationship between CNV and serotonergic-1a activity, a group of 43 depressed patients was included in the study. Results among healthy volunteers showed a significant negative relationship between PRL response to flesinoxan and CNV amplitude at Fz, but no relationship for the other electrodes (Cz and Pz). In depressed patients, the relationships were not significant. Overall, this study does not support serotonergic effects on CNV. However, this information is indirect (correlations) and is limited to 5-HT(1A) activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Contingent negative variation as an indicator of sexual object preference.

The contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded in the interval between paired visual exposures of male nudes, female nudes, and sexually "neutral" silhouettes. Groups of 12 male and 12 female subjects viewing 50 randomized presentations from each stinmulus category responded with averaged CNV amplitudes proportional to the predicted degree of sexual interest in the stimulus classes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Further studies of effects of chlorpromazine on the contingent negative variation.

The effect of 25 mg of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the contingent negative variation (CNV) at Cz and Oz was studied in nine male subjects. Two kinds of warning stimulus (S1)--imperative stimulus--and motor response (MR) were used. A click as S1 was common to both, while either flashes or electrical stimulation was used as S2. Simultaneously with CNV recording, the reaction time of the finger movement as MR to S2 was measured in five of nine subjects. The results obtained were as follows. 1) CNV amplitudes after CPZ administration were decreased significantly both at Cz and Oz when S2 was flashes and only at Cz when S2 was electrical stimulation. 2) Significant positive correlations of CNV amplitudes between Cz and Oz were found both before and after the drug administration. 3) Reaction times to flashes and electrical stimulation as S2 were not affected by CPZ administration. 4) The reaction time to flashes was significantly shorter than that to electrical stimulation irrespective of pre- and post-administration of CPZ.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Abnormal sensorimotor integration in writer's cramp: study of contingent negative variation.

To investigate the pathophysiology of idiopathic focal dystonia, we recorded contingent negative variation (CNV) as a physiological index of sensorimotor integration in 14 right-handed patients with writer's cramp and compared it with normative data. CNV was recorded in the S2 choice reaction time paradigm: Two kinds of auditory S2 (Go or No-Go) were given 2 s after the auditory S1, and the subject reacted only to the Go signal by extending the wrist. In normal subjects, the late CNV amplitude had no difference at Cz between left- and right-hand tasks and was symmetric without significant amplitude laterality irrespective of the side of hand movement. In patients with writer's cramp, the late CNV amplitude at Cz was relatively larger for the left-hand task than the right-hand task (p < 0.03), and a significant amplitude laterality of the late CNV (larger on the right) was present especially at the central area for the right-hand task (p < 0.03). Since the late CNV is known to be generated, at least in part, from primary and supplementary motor cortices, the significant laterality of the late CNV seen with the right-hand task in patients with writer's cramp might represent functional abnormality of motor cortices possibly as the result of basal ganglia function.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Contingent negative variation in the fetal alcohol syndrome: a preliminary report.

This study investigates contingent negative variation (CNV) in ten children diagnosed as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and ten control children whose mothers reported only infrequent drinking during pregnancy. Cortical potentials were obtained using a procedure similar to Cohen's (1976) design. Stimuli consisted of a randomly presented flash followed 1.5 sec later by a tone. Sixty-four trials were presented with tone offset under experimenter control. For the next 128 trials, the subject pushed a button to turn off the tone. The EEG was recorded from Cz, P3, and P4 referred to linked earlobes. In addition, a resting EEG was obtained prior to the start of the trials. Cortical potentials were averaged separately over the two sets of trials and measures of slope and integrated amplitude obtained. Preliminary analysis showed that four of ten FAS children had negative slopes while eight of ten control children had negative slopes. These differences between groups, while in the predicted direction, were not statistically significant. Additional analyses are in progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Contingent negative variations associated with jaw opening in humans.

We examined the relationship between contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude and digastric muscle activity in jaw-opening motor task. Subjects were instructed to open their jaws in response to a sound stimulus following a visual warning stimulus. Electroencephalograms were averaged by using the visual stimulus pulse as a trigger. Bilateral CNVs were clearly recorded at several cortical locations, with a tendency for larger amplitudes at temporal placements.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Contingent negative variation as indicator of duration of migraine disease.

Amplitudes of early wave contingent negative variation (iCNV) reveal significant differences between migraine patients and healthy controls, indicating a lack of habituation and pronounced attentional functions in migraine patients. CNV amplitudes were recorded in 20 migraine patients. The CNV amplitudes were Pearson correlated with the individual duration of the migraine disease. Only iCNV correlates inversely with the duration (r = -.544). The data show an influence of duration of migraine disease on iCNV amplitudes. It is suggested that iCNV is an indicator of chronicity in persistent migraine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A correlation study of contingent negative variation, reaction time, and EEG power spectrum in control and psychopathological populations.

Contingent negative variation (CNV), reaction time (RT), and EEG power spectrum were measured in a group of 27 neurotics and 26 controls subjects, male and female, aged 18 to 38. CNV was recorded with a 1 sec interstimulus interval and averaged over 48 trials. Two spectral analyses of the EEG were performed, the first during the 1 sec period preceding S1 (spontaneous EEG), the second during the S1-S2 interval (activated EEG). For each group of subjects, we calculated the correlations between four measures of CNV amplitude, RT duration, and the relative powers of the delta, theta, alpha and beta activities during spontaneous and activated EEG. In neurotic subjects there was an absence of correlation between the pre- and post-imperative segments of the CNV, and between early CNV amplitude and per cent alpha power. Both groups shared in common strong correlations relating CNV amplitude and RT length, on the one hand, and the different components of the EEG spectrum, on the other hand, Principal component analysis applied to the pooled data revealed different factors for CNV and EEG parameters, suggesting independence of the neurophysiological mechanisms implied in the two phenomena.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Relation between fast EEG rhythms and contingent negative variation].

The experiments were done to investigate the relationships between activation level and contingent negative variation (CNV). Two groups of subjects, differing in their level of cortical arousal, were recorded with eyes open (OE, N = 17) or eyes closed (CE, N = 40). Beta activity, CNV, electro-oculogram, reaction time and heart rate were studied. In the CE group, beta activity and CNV were not significantly correlated. In the OE group, CNV was slightly extended with a higher amplitude and a higher post-imperative negativity when beta activity was higher; heart rate was also significantly correlated with beta activity in this group. The results are discussed as a function of the existence of two neurophysiological mechanisms of generation and regulation of CNV.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evoked potentials and contingent negative variation during treatment of multiple sclerosis with spinal cord stimulation.

Cervical somatosensory evoked potentials, brainstem evoked potentials, visual evoked potentials, and the cerebral contingent negative variation were recorded in patients with definite multiple sclerosis before, during, and after spinal cord stimulation. Improvements were seen in the cervical somatosensory and brainstem evoked potentials but neither the visual evoked potential nor the contingent negative variation changed in association with spinal cord stimulation. The results indicate that spinal cord stimulation acts at spinal and brainstem levels and that the clinical improvements seen in patients are caused by an action at these levels rather than by any cerebral arousal or motivational effect. The evoked potentials were not useful in predicting which patients were likely to respond to stimulation.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1981

[Inversion of the polarity of contingent negative variation during falling asleep (author's transl)].

In 25 subjects repeated examination of contingent negative variation (S1 - S2 = 1 sec) under relatively unconstrained experimental conditions (simple, monotonous task, long recording sessions with eyes closed) favorized drowsiness and falling asleep. These periods of low vigilance level, observed in 7 subjects, are characterized by: (1) a global reduction in spontaneous EEG, measured by a diminution in the alpha/theta + delta index (FFT on bipolar leads P3--P4); (2) an inversion in alpha reactivity in the S1 - S2 interval, which, instead of diminishing, tends to augment 'paradoxically'; and (3) an inversion in the polarity of the CNV, which can reach a positive value as high as + 15 to + 20 microV. These electrophysiological phenomena are not accompanied by significant modifications in reaction time. The results are interpreted as the translation of an active 'internal inhibition' process, induced by repetition of monotonic stimuli. They are compared with animal data obtained by MARCZYNSKI and SHERRY (1972) and SKINNER and YINGLING (1977).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contingent negative variation: components and scalp distribution in psychiatric patients.

Components and scalp distribution of the contingent negative variation (CNV) were studied in various diagnostic groups (DSM III): normals, opioid-dependent subjects, alcohol-dependent subjects, neurotics, schizotypics, nonschizophrenic psychotics, and schizophrenics. A principal components analysis revealed four late slow waves: early and late CNV and early and late postimperative negative variation (PINV) waves. The late CNV wave appeared a better indicator of psychopathology than early CNV or PINV, but the amplitude difference between central and frontal CNV seems at least of equal importance. This is mainly due to the late CNV component. The psychopathological correlates of this amplitude difference seem characterized by two mutually interacting dimensions: a general psychopathology dimension which correlates with relatively high frontal CNV, and a negative schizophreniform symptomatology dimension which correlates with relatively low frontal CNV. Substance-dependent subjects were more closely related to normals than to psychiatric patients regarding CNV variables. Hemispheric asymmetry of the CNV was not significantly related to psychiatric diagnosis.

Adult↗