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Results for “Consummatory Behavior”

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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Interaction of MSG taste with nutrition: perspectives in consummatory behavior and digestion.

Studies in the taste system of mammals indicate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) produces a unique taste sensation termed umami. As a derivative of glutamic acid, MSG is a naturally occurring nutrient in many foods; its commercial use to improve food palatability for humans is well documented. Behavioral studies with experimental animals have revealed that preference for MSG in solutions and selection of MSG-flavored diets can be explained by sensory means with no appreciable effects on preference by postingestive consequences. However, preference for umami-flavored fluids is reduced by feeding rats low-protein diets or low quality protein. MSG-flavored diets, initially unpreferred, were subsequently highly selected. However, the adulteration of diets by MSG either did not or only slightly increased food intake. In light of the significant contribution of MSG to diet taste, apparently as a signal coupled to dietary proteins, physiological studies have been initiated to reveal its role as a stimulator of the cephalic phase of pancreatic exocrine secretion. Modified sham-feeding experiments with dogs have shown that oral stimulation by MSG produced significant stimulation of both pancreatic flow and protein output in conscious dogs.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

Effects of neuropeptide Y on appetitive and consummatory behaviors associated with alcohol drinking in wistar rats with a history of ethanol exposure.

BACKGROUND: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces ethanol intake under free access conditions in Wistar rats with a history of prolonged ethanol vapor exposure. The current study was designed to determine whether NPY differentially alters ethanol-associated appetitive behavior (i.e., lever pressing) or ethanol consumption in Wistar rats with a history of ethanol vapor exposure. METHODS: Wistar rats were first trained to self-administer 10% ethanol in a paradigm that provided 25 min of free access to 10% ethanol after completing a 20-lever press response requirement (i.e., an RR20 schedule). After stable level lever pressing was established, operant sessions were suspended during a 9-week period of ethanol vapor exposure. Self-administration sessions were then reinstituted, and a fixed time (FT) schedule of 10% ethanol access was used to assess the effects of ethanol exposure and NPY on lever pressing and drinking behavior. Under the FT schedule, the maximum number of lever presses emitted within 10 min was assessed before providing access to 10% ethanol. RESULTS: Ethanol vapor exposure did not alter patterns of lever pressing under the RR20 schedule, but lever presses emitted under the FT schedule were reduced after ethanol vapor exposure. Ethanol intake was significantly increased after ethanol vapor exposure. NPY significantly reduced ethanol intake but did not significantly reduce lever pressing under the FT schedule. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data suggest that chronic ethanol exposure increases ethanol intake without clearly enhancing its reinforcing value. Furthermore, NPY has a greater impact on the consummatory factors mediating ethanol intake than appetitive factors mediating ethanol seeking.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1975

Consummatory behavior in meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).

Consumption of water and adulterated fluids was measured under choice and no choice situation in voles and gerbils. Voles consumed more water throughout, and were clearly less able to tolerate challenges presented by adulteration of available solutions in the no choice situation. Intake of both species under choice conditions was more affected (although differentially) by fluid adulteration that it had been when no choice was available. Male and female differences were noted but typically these differences were in magnitude rather than direction of the consummatory response. The data were taken to illustrate the need for comparative studies and careful specification of stimulus conditions surrounding testing so that general principles of physiological and behavioral regulation can be separated from species specific differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lack of effect of dynorphin on consummatory behaviors in obese and normal rats.

The possible role of dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide, in the regulation of appetite was studied in male genetically-obese (Zucker) rats and their litter mates of normal weight. Eighteen pairs were divided into 3 treatment groups: control, acutely dynorphin-treated (5 mg/rat), and implanted with Alzet mini-osmotic pumps containing 2 mg dynorphin to be delivered at a rate of 10 micrograms/hr. Body weights and food and water consumption were determined daily for 7 days. Body weights were not significantly changed from initial values for any treatment group. Food and water consumption per 24 hours were generally the same for obese rats and their normal littermates, but in terms of consumption per 100 g body weight, the obese rats generally consumed less food and water. Neither acute nor continuous dynorphin administration affected consummatory levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Alterations in consummatory behavior of mice produced by dietary exposure to inorganic lead.

Mice suckled by mothers given tap water and by mothers given a 5 mg/ml lead acetate solution during lactation were given a choice between tap water and a lead acetate solution after lactation. All offspring demonstrated an immediate aversion to the lead acetate solution. The offspring from the mothers receiving lead acetate during lactation demonstrated a greater aversion to the lead acetate solution than did the offspring from mothers receiving tap water. In addition, the lead acetate offspring drank more total fluid (tap water plus lead acetate solution) after weaning than the control offspring. The results indicate both learned and unlearned changes in motivation for fluid following ingestion of lead via the mother's milk in infancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Consummatory behavior as a function of ambient temperature in septal-lesioned and control rats.

Septal lesions or control operations were produced in male and female rats. Measurements of water and food consumption were carried out while the rats were housed under warm vivarium temperatures (24 degrees C) and when maintained in a cold room (6 degrees C). Examination of the data from the entire week spent in the cold revealed that rats with septal lesions deviated from precold water-comsumption levels less than comparable control rats. Further, whereas rats with septal lesions suppressed intake for the first 24 hr following either shift in environmental temperatures, control animals inhibited drinking only when returned to the warm environment. Both surgical groups elevated food consumption in the cold. The relative amount of food and water consumed during the day (vs night) increased for all groups when maintained in the cold. Differences in degree of reactivity to the manipulations were observed in male and female rats. These findings were interpreted as adding further support to our contention that septal lesions alter the behavioral (rather than direct metabolic) adaptations an animal makes to its environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of lateral hypothalamic lesions on consummatory behavior in developing rats.

Bilateral lesions aimed at the lateral hypothalami of preweanling rats result in decreased weight gain and eventual death within 5 days after the operation. Ten-day-old rats with unilateral damage to the lateral hypothalamus show retarded growth, food and water intake regulatory deficits, and altered sensitivity to quinine adulteration of the water for up to 60 days of age. These results suggest that at least one neural mechanism that regulates food and water intake matures early in the postnatal life of the rat.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Amphetamine enantiomers and rat consummatory behavior: a new perspective.

The anorectic actions of amphetamine have been known for over forty years, yet the precise relationship(s) between the enantiomeric forms of the drug and anorexia is not clearly understood. Previous studies have utilized primarily racemic amphetamine or its d-isomer in the analysis of feeding behavior. In the present investigation, a detailed examination of the effects of single and repeated equiactive doses of d- and l-amphetamine on food consumption by adult male rats was undertaken with emphasis on aspects of tolerance development. Weight loss and pattern of daily food intake differed depending upon the isomer, dose, and degree of tolerance. Two types of tolerance were seen with both isomers, an initial tolerance with a decrease in efficacy between days 1 and 2, and a later gradual decrease in efficacy over 12 days of repeated dosage. Rats tolerant to the anorectic effects of d-amphetamine were only minimally affected when challenged with an equiactive anorectic dose of l-amphetamine, while rats tolerant to the anorectic effects of l-amphetamine showed a significantly depressed food intake and modified eating pattern when challenged with an equiactive dose of d-amphetamine. Therefore two-way cross tolerance, as previously assumed, does not completely exist between low equiactive doses of d- and l-amphetamine.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1986

Disrupted patterns of consummatory behavior in rats with fornix transections.

The feeding and drinking behavior was examined in male rats with fornix transections and sham-operated control rats. Total food and water consumption was recorded but supplemented by a pattern analysis of feeding and drinking behavior. The behavior of the rats was continuously monitored during four hour morning and afternoon sessions under ad lib access and during a two hour session following adaptation to a restricted access feeding schedule. Rats with fornix transections were more active and exhibited increased frequencies of rearing, eating and drinking. The increased meal frequency in rats with fornix transections was accompanied by decreased meal durations and a reduction in the length of intermeal intervals. Total food and water consumption was unaffected by fornix transection as were the duration of sleep bouts and the frequencies of grooming, sleeping and carrying shavings. Fornix transections also reduced food carrying and food hoarding but only under conditions of restricted food access. The results suggest that fornix transection does not alter major homeostatic regulatory mechanisms nor does it alter the components of feeding and drinking behavior. Fornix transection alters, instead, the organization of microregulatory feeding and drinking patterns.

Animals↗