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Results for “Comparative immunology”

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PubMed1994

Epstein-Barr virus and Hodgkin's disease: a comparative immunological, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction study.

During recent years numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in tissues affected by Hodgkin's disease (HD). The percentage of cases with evidence of EBV infection has varied among the different studies, a positive result being highly dependent on the sensitivity of the method employed. In this study three different methods of detecting EBV in 48 cases of 'classical' HD (33 cases of nodular sclerosis and 15 cases of mixed cellularity) were compared: Immunohistochemistry (IH) for detection of latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1), in situ hybridization (ISH) for detection of Epstein-Barr virus early RNAs (EBER 1 and 2), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of a reiterated 110 base-pair EBV genomic sequence of the BamHI region. In 14 cases (29%) Hodgkin's (H) and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells were positive for LMP-1 using IH, and in 21 cases (44%) positive signals were seen in H-RS cells with EBER 1 and 2 probes using ISH. A few EBER-positive non-malignant lymphocytes were seen in 17 cases. Thirty-two cases (71%) were EBV-positive by PCR. It is concluded that the PCR technique is the most sensitive method for detecting EBV in HD. However, this method cannot provide information about the cellular localization of EBV. ISH with EBER 1 and 2 probes is superior to immunohistochemical detection of LMP-1 with regard to sensitivity. The advantage that the latter two methods have over the PCR techniques is that it is possible to analyse whether the EBV infection occurs in the H-RS cells or in the admixed non-malignant cell population. Furthermore, this study supports the observation that EBV is associated with a considerable number of HD cases.

Genome, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Overview: practical insights from comparative immunology and pathogenesis of AIDS, hepatitis B, and measles for developing an HIV vaccine.

Combined effects of viral mutation, beneficial and adverse host immune responses, and alterations in immune function strongly fashion the pathogenesis and outcome of HIV infection. Understanding HIV can be aided by understanding hepatitis B and measles. Clinical remission and exacerbation in persistent hepatitis B virus infection is determined by the triad of viral mutation, induction of anergy, and host immune responses. Measles virus infects many of the same kinds of cells as HIV and causes an immunodeficiency as well that usually is spontaneously reversible. Lessons learned from comparative studies can assist in plotting approaches and strategies for immunoprophylactic and therapeutic interventions in HIV infections and AIDS.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed1995

[Nasal polyps: comparative immunological study of polyps with different histopathologic types].

Cellular Infiltrate as well as class I and II HLA molecule expression, on 22 nasal polyps and on 12 samples of corresponding hypsilateral mucous membrane were studied by means of immuno-histological methods. These nasal polyps were classified according to their histopathological structure. Five polyps, with a fibrous connective core infiltrated by cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage, were classified mixed. The remaining seventeen polyps were characterized by the presence of central oedematous connective tissue infiltrated almost exclusively by eosinophils and either contained (glandular type) or did not contain (oedematous type) glands. A comparative study of different types of nasal polyps and corresponding hypsilateral nasal mucous membranes was carried out on atopic and non-atopic patients. No correlation between atopic status and polyp presence or polyp typology was found. On the other hand, different polyp types appear to have a structural correlation with the corresponding hypsilateral mucous membrane regarding infiltrate cell type, oedematous or fibrous connective tissue presence and expression of on HLA antigen positivity pattern. The characteristic histological structure of hypsilateral mucous membranes in patients with different types of polyps appeared to be brought about by a multifactorial etiology involving mucosal hyperreactivity. Lastly, both polyps and parapolypal nasal mucous membranes were found to be infiltrated mainly in the peripheral subepithelial connective tissue by lymphocytes (55%) as well as by other leukocyte types. The presence of growth factors capable of enhancing an increase of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, together with focal distrupture on the basal membrane, might well be a general mechanism responsible for polyp sprouting.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative immunologic effectiveness of variants of the DTP vaccine].

The immunological effectiveness of two batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine, the batch with the normal content of antigens (control) and the batch with the content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids reduced to 20 Lf/ml and 5 BU/ml respectively (test batch), has been studied under the conditions of controlled trial. As a result, the reduction of the antigenic content of adsorbed DPT vaccine has been found to exert no negative influence on the immunological effectiveness of the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis components of this preparation under the conditions of the new immunization schedule.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative immunological characteristics of Daphnia allergens].

Materials on the study of Daphnia allergens are presented. Daphnia allergens have been shown to possess considerable sensitizing properties. The optimum method for the preparation of the allergen has been selected. The method of measuring the electrophoretic mobility of cells with a view to the evaluation of the specific activity of Daphnia allergen is proposed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Comparative immunological studies between canine prolactin and prolactin from other species.

Canine pituitary extracts contained material which was capable of inhibiting the binding between antisera to different prolactins and labelled non-canine prolactins. Maximum inhibition of binding was observed in the system consisting of antisera to ovine prolactin and labelled rat prolactin. This system was used to investigate the immunological activity of canine pituitary extracts and partially purified fractions. A rabbit antiserum which was raised against a canine pituitary extract and had significant immunological activity in the above system, together with labelled rat prolactin, was used to develop an assay capable of detecting material in canine pituitary extracts. This material gave parallel dose-response curves to a canine prolactin-rich fraction, D864C and purified ovine and bovine prolactin.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of the anti-DnaJ monoclonal antibodies and their use to compare immunological properties of DnaJ and its human homologue HDJ-1.

Escherichia coli DnaJ (Hsp40) is suspected to participate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis in humans by an autoimmune process. In this work a set of 6 anti-DnaJ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was raised and localization of the epitopes recognized by the mAbs was investigated. Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) experiments showed that the mAbs efficiently bound only native antigen. Using DnaJ mutant proteins with deletions of specified domains and ELISA, we found that AC11 mAb reacted with the best conserved in evolution N-terminal J domain, whereas BB3, EE11, CC5, CC8, and DC7 bound to the C-terminal part after residue 200. Mapping performed with the use of a random peptide library displayed by filamentous phage indicated that (1) AC11 mAb bound to a region between residues 33-48, including D-34 which belongs to the HPD triad, present in all DnaJ homologues, (2) BB3 recognized residues localized in the 204-224 region, (3) EE11 recognized the 291-309 region, (4) CC5--the region 326-359, and (5) CC8--the 346-366 region. All these mAbs, as well as the polyclonal antibodies against the N- or C-terminal domain, bound efficiently to HDJ-1, human Hsp40. These results show the presence of a significant immunological similarity between bacterial DnaJ and human HDJ-1, which is not restricted to the evolutionarily conserved parts of the proteins, and suggest that HDJ-1 could be a possible target of immune response triggered by DnaJ.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative immunological studies and the determination of the epizootiological effectiveness of Soviet vaccine LTF-130 in trichophytosis].

The immunological response of calves vaccinated against herpes is explained and the epizootic effectiveness of the Soviet vaccine ltf 130 applied in Bulgaria is assessed. The antigenic relation of the vaccine's strain with the agent causing herpes in Bulgaria was revealed by parallel investigation on serum RCB of calves suffering from herpes and of calves vaccinated with ltf 130. The immunological response was assessed by proving the existence of complement binding antibodies. It was found that vaccinated calves react by producing complement binding antibodies up to the 45th day post immunization. During the 1976-1978 year period 62 121 calves and heifers were treated for medicative purposes and 653 666 calves and heifers--for prophylactic purposes. From all vaccine treated animals 95.4-98.8% recovered. No cases of herpes were observed in animals vaccinated prophylactically.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative immunology of mammalian uricase using anti-hog liver uricase.

1. Uricase was partially purified from livers of five mammals (dog, bovine, horse, house musk shrew and guinea pig), and its immunological properties were studied using anti-hog liver uricase prepared in rabbits. 2. Results obtained by immunodiffusion suggest that hog uricase has four sites of partial antigens (a, b, c, d), while the enzyme of other mammals has only part of them, and a cladogram of these six mammals is presented showing development of partial antigens. 3. Results obtained by immunoelectrophoresis suggest that the protein structure of house musk shrew uricase is considerably different from the other five mammals tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase in higher plants. A comparative immunological study.

Cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) was purified to homogeneity from etiolated barley leaves by DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies against the purified protein were raised by the immunization of rabbits. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that cytosolic glutamine synthetases isolated from the leaves of different plant species were very similar proteins. Good recognition of other cytosolic glutamine synthetases from roots, root nodular tissue and seeds by barley GS1 antibodies was obtained, suggesting that they too are all quite similar proteins. In contrast, chloroplast glutamine synthetase (GS2) was considered to be a different protein in view of its low level of recognition by barley GS1 antibodies.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1977

Comparative immunological study of catalases in the genus Micrococcus.

Double immunodiffusion tests were performed with crude extracts from various Micrococcus species and antisera against catalase of Micrococcus luteus CCM 169. Cell-free extracts of M. lylae ATCC 27566 exhibited good cross-reaction. Cell-free extracts or catalase enriched preparations of M. varians reacted very weakly and no reaction has been found with preparation of M. kristinae, M. nishinomiyaensis, M. roseus and M. sedentarius. The quantitative microcomplement fixation assay also revealed a closer relationship between M. luteus and M. lylae than between M. luteus and M. varians. Strains of other Micrococcus species reacted in the microcomplement assay with M. luteus antiserum just a weakly as non-related strains, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus or Cellulomonas cartalyticum.

Catalase↗