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Medical decision making for and by children: tensions between parent, state, and child.
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"In God we trust": when parents refuse medical treatment for their children based upon their sincere religious beliefs.
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[Neomysticism in medicine. The example of homeopathy].
The revival of neomysticism, especially promoted by nonqualified representatives of press and tv, leads to a worldwide trend to homoeopathy, acupuncture, herb-cure, Christian-Science, and to many others. According to the comprehensive publications of Prokop, the successful treatment by paramedical methods are due to placebo and self-healing. The statements of paramedical representatives will be accepted by the public, if representatives of science do not offer adequate criticism. Successful healing by any kind of treatment--e.g. of disturbances of well-being--is well established. Representatives of paramedicine applying "mystical treatment" to humans are obliged with necessity to explain success as "mysticism". In any case it is unwise to use the basis of natural science to explain mystic phenomena, as the representative of paramedicine--and occasionally a "mystic-oriented" representative of natural science--proves his lack of sound judgement.
What they believe and why. Part 1. Roman Catholics, Jehovah Witnesses, and Christian Scientists.
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Children, medicine, religion, and the law.
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How we got this way: the sciences of homosexuality and the Christian right.
The discourse of the new sciences of homosexuality interacts with, reproduces, and sometimes challenges other discourses that inform and intersect it--popular discussions of scientific discoveries, legal discourse, debates about gay and lesbian identity, and religious discourse. Despite their different intentions and vocabularies, what links the discourse of the Christian right to that of contemporary sexology research and its popularized versions is its reproduction of a binary gender system, in which women are figured as both within and outside of "nature." Researchers in gay, lesbian, and bisexual sexuality can make a significant contribution by exposing the ways their research contends with discursive practices that have a context and a history (in connections between Aquinas's theology and Aristotle's science, for example). The narrative, rooted in traditional Christian theology and early Western science, that produces gender as binary and heterosexuality as normative can be rewritten to reveal the constructedness of both gender and sexuality.
Precious stones in Jewish and Christian medieval literature: natural and/or occult sciences?
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The WCTU discovers science: the Women's Christian Temperance Union, plus teachers, doctors and scientific temperance.
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[The Tabulae anatomicae (1794-1803) of Justus Christian Loder: anatomical illustration between science, art and commerce].
With the publication of his Tabulae anatomicae in 1803, the Jena anatomist Justus Christian Loder (1753-1832) fulfilled the desideratum of a complete collection of anatomical illustrations of the entire human body. His "Tables" were one of the largest and most ambitious anatomical atlases in the German-speaking countries around 1800. The work reflects Loder's scientific concepts, the quality of his artists and the economic conditions of his publisher. Intended for a wide use in academic instruction, Loder's Tabulae popularised a style of illustration that focused on anatomical facts as basic statements and avoided artistic additions or culturally normative symbolism. Loder opposed theoretical transcendence and standardisation in the representation of human anatomy.
The history of science and medicine as theoretical sources for the comparative study of contemporary medical systems.
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Religious exemptions to child neglect laws still being passed despite convictions of parents.
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Paranormal health claims.
Faith in paranormal cures has always been the last hope of many sufferers from chronic or incurable diseases. Magico-religious rituals of healing are still around, but some have been replaced by pseudo-scientific systems, thinly disguising old superstitions in new obscurantism, more appealing to the half-educated. In medical quackery, inventiveness seems to be limitless, and only the main paranormal healing systems can be reviewed here. The increasing popularity of 'alternative' healing indicates the extent of dissatisfaction with dehumanising aspects of modern, technological medicine and its preoccupation with curing the curable at the expense of caring for the incurable. This leaves the sufferers, and also healthy people labelled with non-existent diseases, bleeding prey for the sharks roving the seas of medical ignorance.
Child welfare versus parental autonomy: medical ethics, the law, and faith-based healing.
Over the past three decades more than 200 children have died in the U.S. of treatable illnesses as a result of their parents relying on spiritual healing rather than conventional medical treatment. Thirty-nine states have laws that protect parents from criminal prosecution when their children die as a result of not receiving medical care. As physicians and citizens, we must choose between protecting the welfare of children and maintaining respect for the rights of parents to practice the religion of their choice and to make important decisions for their children. In order to make and defend such choices, it is essential that we as health care professionals understand the history and background of such practices and the legal aspects of previous cases, as well as formulate an ethical construct by which to begin a dialogue with the religious communities and others who share similar beliefs about spiritual healing. In this paper, we provide a framework for these requirements.
Health and illness behavior of Christian Scientists.
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Religious beliefs and parental duty.
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The American dominative medical system as a reflection of social relations in the larger society.
Expanding upon Navarro's analysis of the American biomedical sector, I argue that the phenomenon of medical pluralism has historically and continues to reflect class, racial/ethnic, and gender relations in American society. The evolution of the American medical system is traced from a relatively pluralistic one in the nineteenth century to a dominative one in the twentieth century. While legitimation and even professionalization of various alternative medical systems supports the assertion that the dominance of biomedicine is delegated rather than absolute, these processes reflect the growing accommodation on the part of alternative practitioners to the reductionist disease theory which is compatible with capitalist ideology.
Comment on "Socially reinforced obsessing: etiology of a disorder in a Christian Scientist".
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