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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Toxicant-disease-environment interactions associated with suppression of immune system, growth, and reproduction.

The effects of marginal malnourishment , infections, and environmental chemicals on growth and reproductive success in Swiss-Webster white mice and wild deer mice were studied with fractional factorial designs. Interaction effects were discovered. For example, malnourished mice were more sensitive to virus exposure and environmental chemicals (a plant growth regulator or polychlorinated biphenyls). Since several commercial plant growth regulators also appear to suppress the immune system, these results cast doubt on the adequacy of current toxicity testing procedures in which factors are studied individually and not in combination.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Regulation of ethanolamine and choline phosphatide biosynthesis in isolated rat intestinal villus cells.

The effects of ethanolamine, choline, and different fatty acids on phospholipid synthesis via the CDP-ester pathways were studied in isolated rat intestinal villus cells. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylethanolamine was stimulated severalfold by the addition of ethanolamine and long-chained unsaturated fatty acids, while the addition of lauric acid inhibited the incorporation of radioactivity into phosphatidylethanolamine. At concentrations of ethanolamine higher than 0.2 mM, phosphoethanolamine accumulated, but the concentrations of CDP-ethanolamine and the incorporation of radioactivity into phospatidylethanolamine did not increase further. The incorporation of [14C]glucose into phosphatidylcholine responded in a way similar to that of phosphatidylethanolamine, except that a 10-fold higher concentration of choline was required for maximal stimulation. CCC inhibited the incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine. In contrast with hepatocytes, villus cells did not form phosphatidylcholine via phospholipid N-methylation. The data indicate that, in intestinal villus cells, the cytidylyltransferase reactions are rate limiting in the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and probably also of phosphatidylcholine. The availability of diacylglycerol and its fatty acid composition may also significantly affect the rate of phospholipid synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evidence for two distinct chloride uniport pathways in brown adipose tissue mitochondria.

Chloride permeability of the inner membrane of brown adipose tissue mitochondria was analyzed by monitoring mitochondrial swelling in KCl salts in the presence of K+ ionophores. The results indicate that the high anion conductance observed in these mitochondria is due to the presence of two separate pathways: 1) a Cl-conducting pathway that is inhibited by guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) but neither by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) nor by amphiphilic amines and that is found uniquely in brown adipose tissue mitochondria and 2) an inner membrane anion uniport channel that is inhibited both by DCCD and by amphiphilic amines but not by GDP and that is opened either by depletion of matrix Mg2+ or by alkalinization of the matrix.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1975

The effect of gibberellic acid alone and when combined with [2-chloroethyl]-trimethyl ammonium chloride on the growth and alkaloid content of Solanum laciniatum aiton.

Solanum laciniatum Aiton treated with Gibberellic acid (GA3), [2-chloroethyl]-trimethyl ammonium chloride (CCC), and their combinations at early and late stages of growth showed that early application of 2000 ppm CCC produced the greatest stem, leaves, and whole plant dry weight, followed by the combination of early application of 1000 ppm CCC and late application of 100 ppm GA3; whereas all GA3 treatments decreased the dry weight production compared with the controls. Regarding the glyco-alkaloids, the highest percentage was obtained from the whole plant by early applications of both strengths of GA3 compared with other treatments or the controls. On the other hand, early application of 1000 ppm CCC and also late application of 50 ppm GA3 when combined with early application of either 1000 ppm or 2000 ppm CCC produced greater alkaloid percentage yields in stem, leaves, and whole plants more than other treatments or the controls. However, early application of 2000 ppm CCC produced the highest content of alkaloids in leaves and whole plants; this was followed by yields from early application of 2000 ppm CCC and 50 ppm GA3; yields from early application of 100 ppm GA3 and 1000 ppm CCC; and yields from early application of 1000 ppm CCC +50 ppm GA3.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1999

[A study on inhibitory effect of plant growth retardants on earlier bolting of Chinese Angelica].

OBJECTIVE: Seeking chemical ways of controlling the earlier bolting of Chinese Angelica (CA). METHOD: PP333, B9 and MH in different concentrations and combinations were sprayed into the CA leaves in different periods. RESULTS: In leaf proliferating period the spray could inkibit the earlier bolting, shortening the length of the stem foot, increasing the stem diameter and enhancing the leaf chlorophy 11 contents. The quality of CA production was increased as a result of greater root weight and main root volume. In leaf luxuriatino period the spray showed no marked effect. The growth of the plant would be inhibited by any spray in excessive concentrations. CONCLUSION: Leaf spray could control the earlier bolting of CA.

Angelica sinensis↗
PubMed1991

Effect of cycocel and furfuryl amino purine on protein metabolism of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) under simulated drought conditions.

Water stress drastically decreased relative water content and total soluble protein whereas it increased free amino acids, proline and protease enzyme in P. americanum. Treatments with 6-furfuryl amino purine (0.50 mM) and cycocel (60 mM) maintained the levels of soluble protein contents but the applications of furfuryl amino purine decreased free amino acids and free proline under stress conditions.

Adenine↗
PubMed1977

[Causes for species difference in acute toxicity of chlorocholine chloride].

Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) inhibits neuromuscular transduction of excitation and, consequently, leads to respiratory arrest in cases of acute intoxication. An account is given of the relationships between neuromuscularly blocking activity and acute toxicity of CCC. Several animal species and pharmacological models are used to produce evidence to the effect that CCC-caused inhibition of neuromuscular transmission of excitation is characterised by parameters typical of block due to depolarisation. The differentiated sensitivity of species to depolarising neuromuscular blockers is thought to be the decisive cause of species differences regarding acute toxicity of CCC. Conclusions are discussed which may be derived from the above findings regarding acute CCC toxicity to man and agricultural animal.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Suicide with a supposedly safe plant growth regulator].

The suicide of a young man with the plant growth regulator Cycocel (chlorocholine chloride and choline chloride) is reported. Morphological and toxicological findings are presented. According to the manufacturers this product is harmless. So far cautionary labelling is not required. A discussion is given on whether such active substances should be subject to stricter controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between the growth retardative effect of CCC and ethylene production.

The ethylene production of the hypocotyls of CCC-treated bean plants was studied, and it was concluded that the treatment induced changes in the quantity of ethylene produced by the apical and basal hypocotyl parts. The ethylene production of the basal hypocotyl parts showed considerable increase on the effect of the treatment, in comparison with the control. The obtained results suggest a possible relationship between the longitudinal-growth inhibiting, stem-thickness inducing, root-formation stimulating effects of CCC and the effect exerted on ethylene production.

Chlormequat↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of various xenobiotics on the in vivo incorporation of 14C-acetate into cholesterol and other lipids in the rat].

Effects of some xenobiotics on the incorporation in vivo of [14C]-acetate into cholesterol and other lipids of the rat DDT, HCH, polychlorinated biphenyl, chlorcholine chloride, ethylenthiourea and mixtures of these substances were given to rats with the feed for 7 days. After that the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol was studied in liver, serum, heart and brain. The influence of the xenobiotics on the synthesis, transport and accumulation differed among the various organs and lipids. Outstanding was an increase of 14C-phospholipids, -triglycerides and -cholesterol in the heart after administration of polychlorinated biphenyl. The effects in the peripheral organs were generally more distinct than on the liver.

Acetates↗