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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

An investigation of post-operative morbidity following chin graft surgery.

AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the morbidity at the donor site following harvest of chin bone for intra-oral augmentation. METHOD: The morbidity experienced by 27 consecutive patients who had undergone chin bone harvesting to augment intra-oral sites prior to implant placement at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Dental Hospital of Manchester was evaluated at one week, one, three and 12 months post-operatively. RESULTS: Nine (33%) patients suffered post-operative morbidity. One patient experienced paraesthesia of the chin and lower lip and a further patient, paraesthesia of the gingivae immediately post-operatively. Both patients had full recovery when reviewed at three months. Two patients experienced pain at the graft site for up to three months post-operatively. Five (18.5%) patients experienced woodiness/numbness of the lower anterior teeth at the first post-operative visit and at 12 months, two patients continued to have no sensitivity in the lower anterior incisor teeth. None of the patients reported altered contour or change in profile of the chin area. Twenty-three (85.2%) patients had successful grafts with placement of implants thereafter. CONCLUSION: It is important for GDPs and specialists to make patients aware of the possible morbidities following harvest of bone from the chin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The relative movements of the chin and the mandible during chewing.

The suitability of the soft tissue over the chin as a reference point in studies of mandibular performance during chewing was investigated. The movements of reference diodes (LEDs), one on the chin and the other attached to the lower front tooth, were registered simultaneously using the Selspot system and analysed in relation to the reference system in this method. With respect to chewing rhythm, the conformity of the behaviour of the two diodes-or the two tissue locations-was good, thus allowing the conclusion that the chin reference point is suitable for analysing chewing rhythm. Vertical displacement and velocity were less marked with the chin reference than with the tooth reference, however, indicating that the skeletal part of the mandible moves within the tissues envelope. The difference in movement at maximal opening was significant, the magnitude of the difference being between 12 and 20%. Lateral displacement seemed to be of similar magnitude, although a tendency towards larger movements of the chin point than of the tooth was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Chin surgery: II. Submental ostectomy and soft-tissue excision.

At the present time, surgical reduction of an isolated large chin is not a simple procedure. Essentially, two surgical procedures exist for chin reduction: osteotomy with setback or prominence reduction by burring. Both of these procedures have potential negative aesthetic sequelae, including mental nerve injuries, bony contour irregularities, increasing submental soft-tissue fullness, and chin pad ptosis. In this report, the authors present a new approach to chin reduction: submental ostectomy with soft-tissue excision. This technique reduces the prominent chin and avoids ptosis by soft-tissue adjustment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Numb chin syndrome.

Numb chin syndrome reflects an abnormality in the mental nerve or inferior alveolar nerve, or occasionally in a nervous structure located higher up in the body. It manifests as objective and/or subjective sensory disorders in the distribution of the mental nerve or inferior alveolar nerve, represented primarily by half of the lower lip and chin. Although numb chin syndrome falls mainly within the province of dentists and stomatologists, it can reveal a number of neoplastic or other diseases seen by rheumatologists. This article provides background information on numb chin syndrome, discusses its causes (including those seen mainly by dentists and stomatologists), and reviews numb chin syndrome due to generalized malignancies based on 144 cases from the literature and two personal cases.

Chin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of Botox for the treatment of subjects with chin rhytids.

BACKGROUND: Botox has been used primarily for treating rhytids of the upper face. Its use in the lower part of the face has been reported by several authors but there is a relative scarcity of information regarding the use of Botox in the chin and even fewer well-controlled studies in this area. This study reports the findings from a placebo-controlled trial of Botox for the treatment of chin rhytids. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Botox would improve chin rhytids. METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled study utilizing injections of Botox into one half of the chin and saline into the other half. Photography as well as objective ratings were used to rate the changes due to the injections. RESULTS: Physicians and patients were able to discern a difference between the mentalis rhytids treated with Botox and the rhytids treated with placebo. This change was statistically significant and consistent across various time points and was noted at rest as well as at maximal mentalis contraction. Of the twenty patients treated, 11 were satisfied with the results, 7 patients were not satisfied with their results, 1 was not sure whether or not they were satisfied, 1 was very unsatisfied with her results, and 1 was lost to follow-up. It is believed that the lower satisfaction ratings were a function of asymmetric appearance that resulted from the design of the study rather than dissatisfaction with the improvement of the rhytids in the treated side of the mentalis. CONCLUSIONS: Botox cosmetic is an effective treatment for moderate rhytids of the mentalis for patients that exhibit significant, dynamic, chin wrinkles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Reflex response of the masseter muscle after percussion of the chin and electrical stimulation of the upper lip in patients with central motor disorders].

In 23 patients with central motor disorders (spastic hemiparesis, pseudobulbar syndrome and parkinsonism) reflex responses in both masseters were evoked during their relaxation and contraction by percussion with a reflex hammer on the chin and by electric stimulation of the upper lip. For recording of the reflex responses the electromyographic method was used. On the side of the spastic hemiparesis, as compared with the finding on the non-paretic side, the author found changes in the short-, medium and late-latency excitation and inhibition segments of the reflex response. In patients with parkinsonism the medium-latency portion of the reflex response after percussion of the chin from above as well as from below was satisfactory. The late latency excitation response after percussion of the chin from below was greater than its corresponding part evoked by percussion of the chin from above. In patients with the pseudobulbar syndrome the inhibitory parts of the reflex responses after percussion of the chin were weak. The results of the examination provided thus more detailed information on disorders of supranuclear control of masseter muscles.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1986

The effect of chin cup therapy on the growth and development of the cranial base and midface.

The purpose of this study was to determine how the growth rates of certain cranial base and midfacial points and dimensions were affected by force application to the mandible by the chin cup. Control and treated samples consisting of Japanese girls with skeletal Class III relationships were analyzed. Each sample consisted of lateral cephalometric radiographs taken annually (control group) or semiannually (treated group) from early childhood through adolescence. The control sample was composed of seven persons and the treated sample of ten persons. The subjects of the treated sample were required to wear a chin cup a minimum of 12 hours per day. The total force delivered was 500 g, 250 g per side, and the direction of force was, on average, through the condyle. No other appliances were used. The results of this study indicate that the chin cup causes a closing of the cranial flexure angle N-S-Ba, inhibits posterior growth of the point basion, and imposes a vertical growth tendency on the points nasion and sella. The chin cup significantly inhibits anterior and posterior vertical maxillary growth and growth of upper anterior facial height. Because development of vertical posterior facial height is inhibited more than anterior facial height, a clockwise rotation of the maxilla occurs. The chin cup also causes flaring and a decrease in eruption rate of the maxillary incisors. It has no effect on the eruption rate of the maxillary molars, but accelerates their rate of mesial movement as compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Effect of reclining and chin-tuck position on the coordination between respiration and swallowing.

Chin-tuck position and reclining posture have been used in dysphagia patients to prevent aspiration during swallowing. However, both behavioural treatments may affect respiratory function. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if chin-tuck posture and body reclining affected respiratory function, this would be associated with altered coordination between respiration and swallowing. To investigate this hypothesis, respiratory parameters and manometry were used in each of four combinations of reclining posture and chin-tuck position. In the 60 degrees reclining with 60 degrees chin-tuck position, duration of swallowing apnea (0.89 s.d. 0.17 s) and submental electromyography burst (2.34 s.d. 0.84 s) were significantly longer when compared to both upright sitting and 30 degrees reclining positions. We conclude that 60 degrees reclining from vertical with 60 degrees chin-tuck may affect oral processing stages which delay and reduce a variety of oropharyngeal movements. These in turn significantly influence the coordination between respiration and swallowing.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Cephalometric evaluation of class-III patients with chin cap and tongue guard.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chin cap therapy combined with an upper tongue guard in the early treatment of class-III malocclusion on the nasomaxillary complex and mandible. The subjects of this study consisted of 40 patients aged 5-13 years (mean age of 8.5 +/- 2). All of them possessed an anterior cross bite and/or concave profile. The mean force of chin cap was determined to be 200 g on each side for 18 h/day and the mean treatment period was 22 months. The cephalometric analyses including skeletal, dental, and soft tissue analysis were carried out before and after treatment. The analysis of the cephalometric measurements revealed a negative correlation between the combination effects of chin cap therapy upper tongue guard. This effect appeared in the early stages of treatment. It was a case-control study and Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis. The comparison of dependent variables revealed that skeletal effects of chin cap therapy were more than dental and soft tissue effects. Changes in the upper and lower pharyngeal spaces were not significant. A reduction of nasolabial angle occurred due to the protrusion of upper incisors. Finally, it was shown that the combination of chin cap and upper tongue guard could be more effective in the early treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategies for success when medical groups participate in CHINs.

A community health information network (CHIN) is a group of health care providers and others interested in health care in a community who share computerized patient information and medical records to provide comprehensive quality care at a lower cost. To protect confidential patient data, all CHIN members should sign a confidentiality agreement describing how and for what purposes health information may be used and incorporating adequate indemnification provisions for unauthorized disclosure. Further, CHIN members should implement practical security passwords which are periodically changed, and the rapid deactivation of the user identification of terminated employees. To ensure data integrity, clear policies should be established for recording, amending and destroying information stored in patient records. To preserve the availability of the network's essential software, CHIN members also should enter into software license agreements which will allow for uninterrupted use of the network software following the addition of a new member or the departure on an existing member. Medical groups participating in CHINs can utilize these strategies to minimize their liability exposure from patient data confidentiality lapses and to promote proper data management and software availability for the smooth functioning of the network.

Community Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gore-Tex chin implants: a review of 324 cases.

Augmentation of the chin is a long-standing and effective technique for facial enhancement. We have used preformed expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex) implants for chin augmentation for several years. For this study, we collectively pooled data detailing our experiences with this material. From January 1, 1998, to March 30, 2001, a total of 324 Gore-Tex chin implants were placed. No resorption or visible movement of any implant occurred. Two (0.62%) of the 324 implants became infected and were ultimately removed. No other complications occurred. This complication rate compares favorably to other reports. Five implants (1.5%) were removed or changed in size due to patient requests. All remaining patients (97.8%) were satisfied with their result. We also describe technical points and procedure modifications that have helped us achieve beneficial results for our patients. Gore-Tex is a reliable implant material that helps the surgeon to achieve a high degree of patient satisfaction in chin augmentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Chin morphology and sexual dimorphism in the fossil hominid mandible sample from Klasies River Mouth.

The site of Klasies River Mouth (KRM) in South Africa has produced a small sample of early Upper Pleistocene hominid remains that have been a focus for discussions of the origins of modern humans. Despite certain primitive characteristics exhibited by these fossils, proponents of a single recent origin have attributed them to early modern humans. Critics of this hypothesis have emphasized the significance of the archaic features evident in this sample, including the absence of pronounced chins among the mandibular specimens. This study compares the size range and chin morphology exhibited by the KRM mandibles with that of Neandertals, Upper Pleistocene humans, and recent humans. The extreme sexual dimorphism documented among the KRM fossils reflects the presence of a very small individual, and previous efforts to classify the KRM sample as archaic on the basis of their robusticity have failed to address the significance of this diminutive hominid. While each KRM fossil falls within the 95% envelope of variability established for chin development in a comparative modern sample, a similarly low frequency of pronounced chins is very unlikely to be found in any recent human population. The morphological pattern of the KRM mandibles is clearly distinct from that of Neandertals and of recent humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Videomanometric analysis of supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck in patients with pharyngeal dysfunction.

Simultaneous videoradiography and solid-state manometry (videomanometry) was performed in 8 patients (4 women, 4 men; age range = 46-81 years, mean age = 70 years) with pharyngeal dysfunction. Five patients had severe pharyngeal dysfunction with frequent misdirected swallows. Three patients had moderate pharyngeal dysfunction with delayed initiation of pharyngeal swallow. Three different swallowing techniques were used: supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck. Ten video radiographic variables and six manometric variables were analyzed. Contrast media penetration to the airways was analyzed regarding number of events and level of penetration. Supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck did not reduce the number of misdirected swallows, but effortful swallow and chin tuck significantly (p = 0.008) reduced the depth of contrast penetration into the larynx and trachea. There was no significant improvement of pharyngeal retention. Chin tuck reduced the distance between the thyroid and the hyoid and the distance between the mandible and the hyoid. No other measured variable was significantly altered. This study shows that none of the different swallowing techniques reduced the number of misdirected swallows. However, there was a significantly reduced depth of the misdirected swallows. The swallowing techniques did not seem to prevent the occurrence of retention or improve weak pharyngeal constrictor muscles in this group of patients with severe to moderate dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Experience with the chin tuck maneuver in postesophagectomy aspirators.

Aspiration is a common finding in the postesophagectomy barium swallow that often necessitates premature termination of the study prior to complete evaluation of the gastric conduit. More importantly, aspiration may play a significant role in the high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in this population. The chin tuck maneuver is a postural technique that reduces and often eliminates aspiration in swallowing-impaired patients. To evaluate the ability of the chin tuck maneuver to prevent aspiration during radiographic examination of the gastric conduit, the technique was used in 21 esophagectomy patients who aspirated during a swallowing evaluation combining the barium swallow and videofluoroscopy. Aspiration was eliminated in 81% of aspirators using the chin tuck maneuver. The results of this study demonstrate that the chin tuck maneuver is a simple technique that should be attempted in patients who aspirate postesophagectomy during radiographic imaging studies that require multiple swallows of contrast materials. Combining the barium swallow with the videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing provides objective documentation of both the structural integrity of the gastric conduit and swallowing function in patients after esophagectomies who are at high risk for postoperative morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Horizontal-T genioplasty--(a modified technique for the broad or asymmetrical chin).

A modified technique for genioplasty is described. A horizontal, single-slice of bone is sectioned from the inferior border of the chin, with preservation of the lingual soft tissue attachment, in the conventional manner. This is divided sagittally into three segments, which are not necessarily equal, and are then repositioned in the shape of a horizontal 'T'. To achieve this, the lateral segments are advanced and approximated in front of the central fragment which itself is also advanced. These are fixed in position and when desirable any voids may be filled with autogenous bone or hydroxyapatite. This simple technique augments the chin to an equal if not to a greater extent than the conventional 'double slide' genioplasty. It combines augmentation with narrowing and has the flexibility to reposition the chin. This technique is not advocated for routine use but more for the special case when augmentation is required for the patient with a broad, flat or asymmetrical chin. A presentation of four case histories will illustrate the application of this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Assessment of the facial features and chin development of fetuses with use of serial three-dimensional sonography and the mandibular size monogram in a Chinese population.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether the application of serial three-dimensional (3D) sonography and the mandibular size monogram can allow observation of dynamic changes in facial features, as well as chin development in utero. STUDY DESIGN: The mandibular size monogram has been established through a cross-sectional study involving 183 fetal images. The serial changes of facial features and chin development are assessed in a cohort study involving 40 patients. RESULTS: The monogram reveals that the Biparietal distance (BPD)/Mandibular body length (MBL) ratio is gradually decreased with the advance of gestational age. The cohort study conducted with serial 3D sonography shows the same tendency. Both the images and the results of paired-samples t test (P<.001) statistical analysis suggest that the fetuses develop wider chins and broader facial features in later weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The serial 3D sonography and mandibular size monogram display disproportionate growth of the fetal head and chin that leads to changes in facial features in late gestation. This fact must be considered when we evaluate fetuses at risk for development of micrognathia.

Asian People↗
PubMed2004

Four V-Y islanded flap reconstruction of full thickness defect of chin and labial sulcus.

Few techniques are described specifically for reconstruction of full thickness defects involving the chin. We present a new method of reconstruction of a large full thickness defect over the chin and lower labial sulcus with four V-Y island flaps. Two of these were mental neurovascular island flaps. The other two were islanded musculomucosal flap. The mental flaps, previously described for reconstruction of the lower lip, were cosmetically more suitable for reconstruction of tissue defects of the chin. The principle of covering the tissue defect of chin with local tissue to provide good matching and function is achieved.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

A new evaluation method for neurosensory disturbance in the chin of patients undergoing mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy: an application of the heat flux technique.

OBJECTIVE: To examine neurosensory changes in the chin following bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) using the heat flux technique. STUDY DESIGN: Twelve healthy adults (C-group) and 23 patients undergoing BSSRO (P-group) were examined. The warm sense threshold (WHF) and cold sense threshold (CHF) in the chin of these patients were measured by the heat flux technique. In the P-group, touch sensation also was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test (SW test). RESULTS: Both WHF and CHF were significantly larger in the P-group than in the C-group (P = .024). Touch sensation (VAS and SW test) were damaged in some patients of the P-group. However, no correlation was revealed between thermal sensation (WHF and CHF) and touch sensation (VAS and SW test) in the P-group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the thermal sensation in the chin was damaged after BSSRO. The heat flux technique appears to be one of the useful methods for the examination of neurosensory disturbance in the chin.

Adult↗