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PubMed1979

Normative and validity data for the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist.

Presented normative data, collected on an unselected sample of 302 7- and 9-year-old children, for the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist. Boys were found to be rated as more deviant than girls, while age, occupation of head of household, and estimated IQ were found to be unrelated to checklist ratings of deviant behavior. The use of a cutting point on the Total Pathology Scale of the checklist derived from the normative data identified a group of clinic children, 89% of whom were found to be in need of professional attention. The potential usefulness of the checklist as an aid in making important clinical decisions is discussed, as is the need for more extensive normative data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Cognitive impairment in depressed outpatients as measured with the Dementia Checklist: a simple method for primary care and in field research.

The Dementia Checklist is a 12-item dementia rating scale for physicians who, for whatever reason, cannot be specifically trained. It addresses symptoms of cognitive decline that can easily be identified, and that are typical for different stages of cognitive impairment. This allows an easy classification of the severity of dementia. In a first study, the dementia checklist was used in 937 geriatric outpatients who were treated by neuropsychiatrists for depression. All items contribute to the accuracy of measurement (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84). Differences in cognitive impairment depending on age (chi 2 = 51.7; p < or = 0.001) and depression (chi 2 = 47.6; p < or = 0.001) indicate external validity of the dementia checklist and 5.7% of the outpatients were rated as demented. The Dementia Checklist provides a very economical and easy-to-use assessment of cognitive decline.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Convergence of clinically derived diagnoses and parent checklists among inpatient children.

The extent to which parent rating scales differentiated children according to DSM III diagnoses was examined. A total of 113 psychiatric inpatient boys (ages 6-11) were rated by their mothers or maternal figures on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Behavior Problem Checklist (BPC). Children with DSM III diagnoses of conduct disorder or depression were compared to children without these diagnoses. Externalizing and internalizing scales of the parent checklists and additional measures of child aggression and depression differentiated children according to major diagnoses. The use of parent checklists to classify children indicated a high level of sensitivity for CBCL and BPC scales for diagnosing conduct disorder and depression. However, specificity of the subscales, particularly for the CBCL, was relatively low, indicating a high rate of false positives. The need for further work that extends the range of diagnosis, that examines subtypes of disorders, and that increases the specificity of the measures for diagnostic purposes is discussed.

Aggression↗
PubMed1988

Methodological considerations in the evaluation of the convergence of psychiatric diagnoses and parent-informant checklists.

Psychiatric diagnoses and objective parent checklists are alternative ways to describe child adjustment problems. There has recently been interest in evaluating the degree of agreement or convergence between these sources of information. This paper addresses three issues neglected by researchers in this area. The appropriateness of the use of indices of sensitivity and specificity to describe the correspondence of diagnoses and checklist scores is questioned. Implications of failure to consider the reliability of diagnoses in interpreting diagnosis-checklist agreement are discussed. Also, possible parameters of diagnosis-checklist agreement that should be identified by researchers are reviewed. Suggestions for improving research in this area are offered.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Development and preliminary validation of the pain assessment checklist for seniors with limited ability to communicate (PACSLAC).

The purpose of this study, conducted in three phases, was to develop a clinically useful observational tool (i.e., the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors With Limited Ability to Communicate [PACSLAC]) to assess pain in seniors with severe dementia. In Phase 1, professional caregivers of seniors with severe dementia were interviewed in order to generate a list of pain-related behaviors that are characteristic of care recipients living in long-term-care facilities. Based on a systematic examination of interview transcripts by experienced researchers and an independent coder, a behavioral checklist (i.e., the initial version of the PACSLAC) was developed. The checklist items were organized into conceptually based subscales (e.g., facial expressions, activity/body movement). Phase 2 focused on an assessment of the internal consistency of the checklist (alpha =.92). Following an item analysis, the subscales of the PACSLAC (Social/Personality/Mood Indicators, Facial Expressions, Activity/Body Movement, and Physiological Indicators/Eating/Sleeping Changes/Vocal Behaviors) were found to be internally consistent. Phase 3 focused on a preliminary validation of the PACSLAC. Analyses suggest that the PACSLAC discriminated among pain events (during which there was a clear and recognizable cause for the patients' pain), events during which patients were experiencing nonpainful distress, and situations during which patients were calm.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist may be a better awareness/educational tool than a screening one.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist as a screening and an awareness/educational tool in an elderly population. DESIGN: Epidemiologic follow-up study. Information similar to the questions of the NSI checklist was collected by the Nutrition Status Survey of Boston elders between 1981 and 1984. Vital status of volunteers was obtained during 8 to 12 years of follow-up. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Community-dwelling men (n = 200) and women (n = 381) aged 60 years and older who participated in the survey. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between mortality and each of the NSI-similar questions and the cumulative score, which is the sum of the values assigned to each question. Attributable risk percent, a measure of association, was calculated to measure the percentage of deaths that could potentially be prevented if the risk factors or their consequences were eliminated. RESULTS: Eating meals alone, problems biting or chewing, difficulties with shopping or cooking, and taking more than three medications per day were positively associated with mortality (P < .05). The cumulative score, although significant, was a weaker predictor of mortality. Attributable risk percent of mortality was 19.9% and 51.2% for men and women, respectively. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Some but not all of the individual questions of the NSI checklist equivalent were significantly associated with mortality and identify specific problems that may have a long-term negative effect yet may be missed if the cumulative score were the sole criterion for screening people. The attributable risk percent suggests that the checklist may be best used as an awareness/educational tool as intended originally and could have an important public health effect on early death of community-dwelling elderly people.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Checklist self-evaluation in a standardized patient exercise.

BACKGROUND: Standardized patient (SP) exercises are expensive and time consuming. We hypothesized that self-evaluation would further the goals of teaching and evaluation for a group of medical students. METHODS: Students were given self-evaluation checklists (essentially identical to those filled out by the SPs) and completed them prior to reviewing the SP checklists. Agreement between student and SP checklists (whether each item was checked or not) and the extent of agreement on the interactional skills rating scales were assessed. RESULTS: Overall agreement was 93%, with 98% agreement on interactional items, 92% on physical examination items, and 89% on history items. Disagreements tended to be clustered on a few items in each scale. Scores on the interactional skills rating scales also showed strong agreement. CONCLUSION: The use of checklists and rating scales in this context is well established. At virtually no cost, a self-evaluation tool adds a valuable dimension to the exercise.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

ICD-10 checklists--a tool for clinicians' use of the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders.

The Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) checklists are a set of semistructured instruments designed for clinician assessment of mental and behavioral disorders according to ICD-10 criteria. The checklists have been produced as a package consisting of the ICD-10 Symptom Checklist and Glossary and the International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) for ICD-10 and Manual. This report describes the main features of the newly released World Health Organization (WHO) instruments and specifies areas of possible application by clinicians.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention: effect of two checklists designed to prompt correct performance.

Previous research has shown that regardless of an individual's experience, life support skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are poorly performed as soon as 1 month following training. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two checklists designed to prompt correct CPR performance. We compared the performance of 169 undergraduate students, at the time of course assessment, with retention testing that occurred 2 months following the course assessment. Students were randomly assigned to a control group, a short version of a CPR checklist and a longer more detailed version. Two groups of variables were created: procedural and compression-ventilation variables. In addition, an overall-performance variable was created, summarizing performance on the procedural variables. Binary variables were assessed with chi 2-tests of independence. One-way ANOVAs, using 'group' as the between-subjects factor, were used to assess each continuous variable. Comparisons between groups yielded significant differences of P < 0.05. The long checklist generally led to superior performance on the procedural variables. The results support the hypothesis that remembering the steps of CPR is too complex for some. Though preliminary, the findings of this study indicate that the detailed checklist was an effective strategy to improve the post-course performance of CPR.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2001

Parent and teacher report of pragmatic aspects of communication: use of the children's communication checklist in a clinical setting.

The Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) was developed to provide an objective assessment of pragmatic aspects of children's communication difficulties. We aimed to (1) see whether the checklist provided valid and reliable information when completed by parents, and (2) consider its usefulness in a clinical context. Checklists were completed by parents and a professional who knew the child well for all 5 to 17-year-old referrals to a tertiary developmental paediatrics centre over a 31-month period. Children who were not yet speaking in sentences were excluded. From a sample of 151 children (81% male; mean age 8.7 years) with pervasive or specific developmental disorders, valid checklists were completed by 119 parents and 93 professionals. Reliability, as measured by internal consistency, was 0.7 or higher for most scales. Correlations between ratings for parents and professionals were in the range of 0.30 to 0.58 for individual pragmatic scales, with a correlation of 0.46 (n=82) for the pragmatic composite. For both parents and professionals, the pragmatic composite was lowest for children with a diagnosis of autism; intermediate for those with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified or attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and highest for those with a diagnosis of specific learning disability. The strongest relation between the pragmatic composite and diagnosis was seen when ratings from parents and professionals were combined. Differences between diagnostic groups were not explicable in terms of age or verbal IQ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Problems of recall and misclassification with checklist methods of measuring stressful life events.

The prevalent use of life event category checklists to facilitate event recall may be one reason that previous studies find that life events play only a small and ambiguous role in the development of health problems. In this study, 136 persons with temporomandibular pain disorder syndrome (TMPDS) and 131 healthy controls reported the occurrence of life events in 10 monthly interviews, using an event category checklist. At the end of the study, they reported retrospectively and in detail about life events over the previous monthly periods. Only one quarter of the event categories appeared in both the monthly interviews and retrospective report for the same period. Detailed analyses revealed problems of inaccuracy inherent in checklists that exacerbate problems of recall. The findings indicate that checklist category approaches should not be used when the goal is to understand the role of stress in adverse health outcomes. Suggestions are made about more adequate methods.

Facial Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A checklist for retrospective database studies--report of the ISPOR Task Force on Retrospective Databases.

INTRODUCTION: Health-related retrospective databases, in particular claims databases, continue to be an important data source for outcomes research. However, retrospective databases pose a series of methodological challenges, some of which are unique to this data source. METHODS: In an effort to assist decision makers in evaluating the quality of published studies that use health-related retrospective databases, a checklist was developed that focuses on issues that are unique to database studies or are particularly problematic in database research. This checklist was developed primarily for the commonly used medical claims or encounter-based databases but could potentially be used to assess retrospective studies that employ other types of databases, such as disease registries and national survey data. RESULTS: Written in the form of 27 questions, the checklist can be used to guide decision makers as they consider the database, the study methodology, and the study conclusions. Checklist questions cover a wide range of issues, including relevance, reliability and validity, data linkages, eligibility determination, research design, treatment effects, sample selection, censoring, variable definitions, resource valuation, statistical analysis, generalizability, and data interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: For many of the questions, key references are provided as a resource for those who want to further examine a particular issue.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMed2002

Relationships between nutrition screening checklists and the health and well-being of older Australian women.

OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between nutrition screening checklists and the health of older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional postal survey including measures of health and health service utilisation. as well as the Australian Nutrition Screening Initiative (ANSI), adapted from the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI). SETTING: Australia, 1996. SUBJECTS: In total, 12,939 women aged 70-75 years randomly selected as part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. RESULTS: Responses to individual items in the ANSI checklist, and ANSI and NSI scores, were associated with measures of health and health service utilisation. Women with high ANSI and NSI scores had poorer physical and mental health, higher health care utilisation and were less likely to be in the acceptable weight range. The performance of an unweighted score (TSI) was also examined and showed similar results. Whereas ANSI classified 30% of the women as 'high-risk', only 13% and 12% were classified as 'high-risk' by the NSI and TSI, respectively. However, for identifying women with body mass index outside the acceptable range, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for all of these checklists were less than 60%. CONCLUSIONS: Higher scores on both the ANSI and NSI are associated with poorer health. The simpler unweighted method of scoring the ANSI (TSI) showed better discrimination for the identification of 'at risk' women than the weighted ANSI method. The predictive value of individual items and the checklist scores need to be examined longitudinally.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Employing parent, teacher, and youth self-report checklists in identifying pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders: an examination of diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.

The diagnosis of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) is difficult to evaluate in child and adolescent populations. The current study examines whether commonly used behavior checklists- the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form, and the Youth Self-Report form-are clinically useful in making a differential diagnosis between BPSD and other disorders. This study is the first to investigate the validity of integrating pairs of informants using these instruments to differentiate individuals with BPSD from those with disruptive behavior disorders, major depressive disorder, and any child or adolescent not meeting criteria for BPSD. Parent report best predicted diagnostic status, yet diagnostic efficiency statistics associated with these checklists were relatively poor. Results indicate that the Child Behavior Checklist has limited utility when attempting to derive clinically meaningful information about the presentation of juvenile BPSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

OSCE checklists do not capture increasing levels of expertise.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of binary content checklists in measuring increasing levels of clinical competence. METHOD: Fourteen clinical clerks, 14 family practice residents, and 14 family physicians participated in two 15-minute standardized patient interviews. An examiner rated each participant's performance using a binary content checklist and a global process rating. The participants provided a diagnosis two minutes into and at the end of the interview. RESULTS: On global scales, the experienced clinicians scored significantly better than did the residents and clerks, but on checklists, the experienced clinicians scored significantly worse than did the residents and clerks. Diagnostic accuracy increased for all groups between the two-minute and 15-minute marks without significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that binary checklists may not be valid measures of increasing clinical competence.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

The use of a checklist for anaesthetic machines.

The use of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland checklist for anaesthetic machines, based on an oxygen analyser, was surveyed over a 5-week period in a teaching hospital. Fifty-five completed checklists were analysed; no problems developed during anaesthesia which were missed by the checklist. The mean time taken to complete the checklist for one machine was 8.9 min with a range of 5 to 19 min; for two consecutive machines it was 18.25 min with a range of 10 to 30 min. The most frequent faults detected were the poor reliability of some oxygen analysers, absent ventilator disconnection alarms, and absent oxygen supply failure alarms on some older machines. Faults were found in 60% of the machines checked; 18% of these were deemed to be serious.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2004

Motor performance checklist for 5-year-olds: a tool for identifying children at risk of developmental co-ordination disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to further evaluate the 'Motor Performance Checklist for 5-year-olds', an instrument which had been piloted with some success and reported via this journal in 1996. METHOD: Both validity and reliability in identifying children in most need of paediatric occupational therapy services was assessed. The Motor Performance Checklist was compared against a chosen 'gold standard' test, The Bruininks-Oseretsky test of Motor Proficiency, in a group of 141 5-year-old children. RESULTS: Correlations of 0.72 and 0.85 were found between the tests. The checklist was found to have a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 98%. Positive predictive validity was found to be 72% and negative predictive validity 99%. Interrater reliability ranged between 0.79 and 0.99 and intrarater reliability was 0.77. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the Motor Performance Checklist has the potential to assist in identifying children in most need of referral to community occupational therapy services.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

Three-point checklist of dermoscopy. A new screening method for early detection of melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy used by experts has been demonstrated to improve the diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. However, little is known about the diagnostic validity of dermoscopy when used by nonexperts. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of nonexperts using a new 3-point checklist based on a simplified dermoscopic pattern analysis. METHODS: Clinical and dermoscopic images of 231 clinically equivocal and histopathologically proven pigmented skin lesions were examined by 6 nonexperts and 1 expert in dermoscopy. For each lesion the nonexperts assessed 3 dermoscopic criteria (asymmetry, atypical network and blue-white structures) constituting the 3-point method. In addition, all examiners made an overall diagnosis by using standard pattern analysis of dermoscopy. RESULTS: Asymmetry, atypical network and blue-white structures were shown to be reproducible dermoscopic criteria, with a kappa value ranging from 0.52 to 0.55. When making the overall diagnosis, the expert had 89.6% sensitivity for malignant lesions (tested on 68 melanomas and 9 pigmented basal cell carcinomas), compared to 69.7% sensitivity achieved by the nonexperts. Remarkably, the sensitivity of the nonexperts using the 3-point checklist reached 96.3%. The specificity of the expert using overall diagnosis was 94.2% compared to 82.8 and 32.8% achieved by the nonexperts using overall diagnosis and 3-point checklist, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 3-point checklist is a valid and reproducible dermoscopic algorithm with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of melanoma in the hands of non-experts. Thus it may be applied as a screening procedure for the early detection of melanoma.

Adult↗