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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Identification of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols from human cerumen by the use of picolinyl and nicotinate esters.

Human cerumen was hydrolysed with base and the constituents were examined as trimethylsilyl (TMS), methyl ester/TMS, picolinyl/TMS and nicotinate/TMS derivatives by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A sample was also reacted with osmium tetroxide for double bond location. The major constituents were cholesterol, squalene and several series of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols. These latter compounds had chain lengths of 12-26 carbon atoms and were predominantly either straight-chain saturated or straight-chain unsaturated compounds. Saturated branched-chain acids with methyl groups predominantly on even-numbered carbon atoms were present but were less abundant. Unsaturated, branched-chain acids were also present. The major unsaturated acids contained unsaturation at the delta-6-position or were derived from these acids by chain elongation. The compounds were similar to those found in vernix caseosa. The mass spectra of picolinyl esters were, for the first time, shown to be capable of determining both the position of unsaturation and methyl branching in the same molecule.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Managing cerumen impaction.

The external auditory canal is self-cleaning. Excessive cerumen accumulation usually results from misguided attempts to remove wax and may go unnoticed until a hearing loss occurs. Mechanical removal of the wax or use of a ceruminolytic agent to soften it is recommended--irrigation may contaminate the middle ear space.

Cerumen↗
PubMed2001

Cerumen composition by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the chemical composition of cerumen by flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. STUDY DESIGN: Collected earwax specimens were fractionated into residue and supernatant by means of deoxycholate. This natural bile acid produces significantly better disintegration of earwax in vitro than do presently available ceruminolytic preparations, and also has demonstrated excellent clinical results in vivo to date. PATIENTS: The sample for analysis was obtained from a patient with clinical earwax impaction. RESULTS: The supernatant is composed of simple aromatic hydrocarbons, C5-C17 straight-chain hydrocarbons, a complex mixture of compounds tentatively identified as diterpenoids, and steroids, in particular cholesterol. The residue, on the other hand, produced simple aromatic compounds (including benzenes, phenols, and benzonitriles), C5-C25 straight-chain hydrocarbons, greater relative quantities of nitrogen compounds and phenol, and lesser importance of the (tentatively identified) diterpenoids. CONCLUSIONS: Through the use of the detergent deoxycholate, squalene and a tentatively identified diterpenoid were revealed to be present in a free, unbound state, whereas some steroids and hydrocarbons appeared to be bound to a macromolecular structure by nitrogen linkages or other bonds. Additionally, this study reintroduces detergents as a viable method of earwax removal, specifically the bile acids.

Carbon↗
PubMed2006

How we do it: technical note: endoscopic removal of cerumen.

* Syringing of ears to remove cerumen is losing favour in primary care owing to the fact that it is carried out 'blind' and that the potential exists for serious complications. * Dewaxing under direct vision is difficult without a microscope. * A technique is described where wax is removed under direct vision using a rigid endoscope in conjunction with a Jobson-Horne probe and St Bartholomew's wax hook. * This is a relatively inexpensive technique that could be introduced to primary care practitioners or to ENT surgeons who do not have easy access to an operating microscope in the outpatient department.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1981

Epidemiology of breast fluid secretion: association with breast cancer risk factors and cerumen type.

The epidemiology of breast fluid secretion was studied on the basis of nipple aspirates of breast fluid obtained from 3,929 nonlactating women of various racial groups. The results confirmed and extended earlier findings by our group: Variation in the proportion of secretors was related to most breast cancer risk factors, including age, race, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, age at menopause, clinically diagnosed fibrocystic disease, menopausal estrogen use, and cerumen phenotype. Secretory activity as measured by nipple aspiration appeared to reflect hormonal and genetic effects on breast epithelium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cerumen removal--current challenges.

Each week in the United States, approximately 150,000 cerumen removals take place. Otologic complications include pain, perforated tympanum, dizziness, bleeding and infection. The prevention and management of such complications are discussed below. Accepted methods of removal should be used and all perforations and other forms of trauma, when they occur, must be evaluated for middle and inner ear pathology. Handicapped patients and those under custodial care represent a group that is underserved at this time. Possible solutions are discussed.

Cerumen↗
PubMed1991

Detection of proteins related to a salivary glycoprotein (EP-GP). Concentrations in human secretions (saliva, sweat, tears, nasal mucus, cerumen, seminal plasma).

With a highly specific monoclonal antibody against a previously isolated and characterized human salivary 19-20-kDa glycoprotein, designated as extra-parotid glycoprotein [Rathman et al. (1989) J. Biol. Buccale 17, 199-208], a common epitope was detected on proteins in several excretory human body fluids. With a quantitative ELISA the EP-GP epitope was measured in widely different concentrations in several secretory human body fluids in the descending order of seminal plasma much greater than tears approximately nasal mucus approximately sweat much greater than saliva. Crossreactivity was also observed in cerumen but not in milk, cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma and urine. The relative amount of EP-GP in the positively reacting secretions was however, in the same order in each fluid per mg of protein on an average of 1% of the total protein amount. The EP-GP-epitope bearing proteins found in the various human secretions were further characterized by means of electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The molecular masses and the isoelectric points of the proteins in the different secretions display strong resemblance to values found for the salivary glycoprotein EP-GP (molecular masses 19 and 20 kDa; pI values between 4.8 and 5.4). All these findings point to the presence of proteins related to EP-GP in human secretions other than saliva.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗