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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Risk of vitamin A toxicity from candy-like chewable vitamin supplements for children.

Numerous vitamin supplements are available over-the-counter to the general public. Some such supplements are available as candy-like chewable preparations to encourage consumption by children. We report 3 cases of overdose of such preparations. Each patient had taken an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 IU of vitamin A. Their circulating vitamin A (retinol and retinyl palmitate) concentrations were monitored over a 6-month period. There were no clinical or biochemical complications noted. However, there were marked increases in both retinol and retinyl palmitate concentrations above age-related reference ranges. In particular, it took 1 to 3 weeks for the serum retinol concentrations to peak and many months for them to normalize. Parents should be warned about the dangers of excessive vitamin consumption. Clinicians should be aware of the late peak in serum retinol concentrations, which may lead to late complications of vitamin A overdose.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed2002

Childhood lead poisoning associated with tamarind candy and folk remedies--California, 1999-2000.

Lead poisoning affects children adversely worldwide. In the United States, elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) (>10 microg/dL) result primarily from exposure to lead-based paint or from associated lead-contaminated dust and soil; however, other sources of lead exposure, including folk remedies, Mexican terra cotta pottery, and certain imported candies, also have been associated with elevated BLLs in children. This report describes five cases in California of lead poisoning from atypical sources. Health-care providers should be aware of the potential hazards of certain food products, and community members should be educated about potential sources of lead poisoning for children.

California↗
PubMed1976

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin candy for control of potassium in chronic dialysis patients.

A stable candy with 5.0 g sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin per piece was developed. In vitro testing indicated decrease in potassium concentration of 1.0 mEq per gram of resin. Six chronic dialysis patients with predialysis serum potassium of 5.2 mEq per liter or greater participated in a two week blind trial. No change in diet or dialysis routine was made during the study. Analysis of serum potassium by paired "t" test showed mean potassium decrease of 0.7 mEq per liter during treatment (P less than 0.001). Patient compliance and acceptance was excellent during the trial. Use in the treatment of chronic hyperkalemia may be worthwhile in the care of long-term dialysis patients.

Candy↗
PubMed2005

[Integrated evaluation of chewing gums and candies influence in oral cavity].

In a blind study on 210 medical students during 3 months the influence of 5 types of chewing gums with sugar substitutes (Orbit, Dirol, Stimorol) and 1 type of candy with sucrose upon saliva properties, saliva flow and oral microflora activity were examined. Flow rate of saliva, its pH (mixed saliva), influence upon test sugar and carbamide pH curves, concentrations of carbamide, Ca and phosphate in saliva were determined. It is shown than frequent and prolong use of chewing gums reduced stimulated and unstimulated saliva flow. Frequent use of chewing gums with carbamide provoked increased activity of ureapositive oral microflora. Degree of alkaline changes of mixed saliva pH in case of 3-month use of chewing gums Orbit and Stimorol pro Z was reduced. Chewing gums had weak hygienic efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Lead poisoning associated with imported candy and powdered food coloring--California and Michigan.

Although the most common source of pediatric lead poisoning is dust within the home that contains deteriorated lead-based paint from walls and windowsills, other less common sources (1-3) can result in excess exposure among children (i.e., blood lead levels [BLLs] > or =10 microg/dL). This report describes two cases of pediatric lead poisoning associated with eating imported candy and food stuffs and underscores the importance of thorough history-taking to identify unusual sources of lead exposure.

California↗
PubMed2001

Is the "candy-wrapper" effect of (32)P radioactive beta-emitting stents due to remodeling or neointimal hyperplasia? Insights from intravascular ultrasound.

A recognized limitation of radioactive stents is the development of restenosis at the stent edges, known as the "candy-wrapper" effect. The mechanisms of this effect remain incompletely understood and controversial. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of endovascular irradiation on neointima formation and vascular remodeling. (32)P Palmaz-Schatz stents (1.5-4 microCi) were implanted in 11 patients with restenosis after previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of target sites and adjunct vessel segments were acquired both during intervention and after 6 months. The angiographic restenosis rate was 54%, and the MLD decreased from 2.21 +/- 0.6 mm to 1.38 +/- 0.4 mm at follow-up (P < 0.01). IVUS analysis demonstrated that late lumen loss was the result of neointimal tissue proliferation, which was nonuniformly distributed and exaggerated at both the central articulation and the distal stent edges. Negative remodeling did not contribute to restenosis. In contrast, we found a linear relationship between increase of area stenosis and a positive remodeling index (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001). Restenosis after implantation of (32)P Palmaz-Schatz stents was mainly the result of neointimal tissue proliferation which tended to be nonuniformly distributed in the stent articulation and edges. Negative remodeling or stent recoil was not observed. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:41-48.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

The petunia homologue of the Antirrhinum majus candi and Zea mays A2 flavonoid genes; homology to flavanone 3-hydroxylase and ethylene-forming enzyme.

The synthesis of anthocyanins in higher plants involves many enzymatic steps. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA, ant17, which encodes a protein that has 73% amino acid sequence identity with the candi gene product of Antirrhinum majus and 48% with that of the maize a2 gene. This protein may therefore be involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins in the steps after the action of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase. This is consistent with the absence of ant17 expression in the regulatory anthocyanin mutants of petunia an1, an2 and an11. Furthermore, ant17 is predominantly expressed in corollas and anthers and is induced by gibberellic acid.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

A novel ribbon-candy-like supramolecular architecture of cadmium(II)-terephthalate polymer with giant rhombic channels: twofold interpenetration of the 3D 8(2)10-a net.

The hydrothermal reaction of H2tp (tp = terephthalate), [Ph3PCH2Ph]Cl and water with Cd(O2CCH3)(2).2H2O gives rise to a novel ribbon-candy-like supramolecular architecture with twofold interpenetration of an unprecedented 3D 8(2)10-a net formed by polymer ([Ph3PCH2Ph][Cd(tp).Cl].2H2O]n containing giant rhombic channels, which displays strong fluorescent emission in the solid state.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Genetic drift within a protected polymorphism: enigmatic variation in color-morph frequencies in the candy-stripe spider, Enoplognatha ovata.

The candy-stripe spider, Enoplognatha ovata, exhibits a striking color polymorphism comprising three morphs. A number of lines of evidence strongly suggest that this polymorphism is maintained by natural selection: its presence in a sister species, E. latimana; the physical nature of the variation; the virtual lack of monomorphic populations; the highly consistent rank-order of morphs within populations; and the presence of large-scale clines associated with climatic variables. However, the absence of selection is equally strongly suggested by very local surveys of morph frequencies over space and time, perturbation experiments, and a variance in morph frequency between populations that is virtually independent of spatial scale. In addition, local spatial patterns in one study site (Nidderdale, Yorkshire, England) have been explained in terms of intermittent drift over half a century ago, a hypothesis supported here by the distributions of four other genetic markers (two allozyme and two visible polymorphisms). A heuristic model is suggested that reconciles these apparently contradictory messages regarding the importance of drift and selection in this system. It is proposed that when allele frequencies of the color morph redimita lie between approximately 0.05 and 0.3, the deltaq on q plot is very shallow, so that within this region, where the majority of populations lie, selection is weak and drift is the major force determining local morph frequencies. However, outside this range of frequencies, powerful selection acts to protect the polymorphism. This model may apply to polymorphisms in other species and explain why evidence of selection in natural populations is often elusive.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Increased sales and thefts of candy as a function of sales promotion activities: Preliminary findings.

We used an A-B-A design to evaluate the effects of two commonly used promotional activities-price reduction and increased exposure, in combination and separately-on sales and thefts of candy at a grocery store. The combination of activities and the increased exposure condition produced the greatest increases in sales. The combination of activities was also associated with the greatest increase in thefts.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

[Relationship between intake of sweet drinks and candies and oral health status in the adult population].

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between intake of sweets (sweet drinks/candies of chewing gum) and oral health status, while adjusting for age and other dental health behavior. METHODS: The data used were based on a cross-sectional study regarding dental checkup of a worksite. Of a total of 7,713 workers, 5,232 (67.8%) participated in the dental checkup. From this population, data for only 5,034 were analyzed. The dental checkup included a self-reported questionnaire and oral examination by a dentist. The oral health status variables were the CPITN score, missing teeth/filled teeth/decayed teeth, and self-reported gum bleeding. We used multiple logistic regression to calculate odds ration (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each oral health status according to intake of sweets. RESULTS: Among males, subjects who took sweet drinks almost every day, compared to subjects who hardly took, had higher risk of missing teeth (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), filled teeth (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.4-2.0) and gum bleeding (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.8). Dose response relationships were also observed between intake of sweet drinks and these variables. No significant association was recognized between intake of candies of chewing gum and oral health status. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that intake of sweet drinks is a determinant of oral health status, independent of dental health behavior, particularly among males.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CANDI. Development of the automated nursing assessment tool.

This article describes the results of the first phase of an interdisciplinary project to develop an expert system to aid in nursing diagnosis. The overall system, called CANDI (Computer Aided Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention), is reviewed briefly, and development of the automated (computerized) assessment guide is described in detail. Lessons learned from initial evaluation of the system, and the resulting modifications, also are discussed along with preparations for the next phase--development of the knowledge base.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on the efficacy of albendazole candy for treatment of intestinal nematode infections].

A single dose of albendazole (candy) 100 mg and 100 mg qd for two days was given respectively to 135 and 321 children who were infected with Enterobius vermicularis. All cases were cured 3wk later according to perianal tape examination. The same drug of 150 mg qd and 200 mg qd for two days was administered respectively to residents with single or multi-infections of Ascaris, hookworm and Trichuris; the egg negative conversion rates of the two dosages were revealed to be 99.4% (466/469) and 99.8% (487/488) for Ascaris infection, 96.8% (91/94) and 94.3% (99/105) for hookworm infection, and 53.4% (228/427) and 76.3% (370/486) for Trichuris infection. The maximal numbers of worm expelled were 100 on d2-3, 88 on d3-5 and 588 on d2-4 for Enterobius, Ascaris and hookworm, respectively; whereas the discharged Trichuris were scarce, merely 4.3 in average. The results exhibited promising efficacy of the drug on Enterobius, Ascaris and hookworm infections, but not so on trichuriasis.

Albendazole↗