Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “COUNSELING”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Psychological aspects of genetic counseling. II: Quantitative analysis of a transcript of a genetic counseling session.

The Bales system of scoring small group interactions was used to analyze a transcript of a preamniocentesis (genetic) counseling session in which a husband (H), wife (W), and a male counselor (C) participated. Scoring required the subdivision of communication into the smallest meaningful and scorable units, assigning each unit one of twelve possible category scores and designating the initiator and intended recipient(s) of the unit. The categories included "positive" and "negative" reactions, questions and attempted answers. Over half the units were found to consist of interactions in which information, orientation, and clarification were provided. C initiated 54% of all units of which three-quarters consisted of factual information regarding amniocentesis, genetic risks, Down syndrome, and mental retardation. C interacted significantly more frequently with W than with H, but units directed toward H were significantly more positive than those toward W. One interaction, in which C responded to affective material, significantly altered the subsequent frequency and direction of units; H became more verbal and there was an increase in further affective expression. Although evidence of persuasion was present, no directiveness was demonstrated. The data show that quantitative study of genetic counseling is feasible. Further research on different counseling styles and on the influence of specific interventions on later outcome has been undertaken.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed2006

Physical activity counseling in primary care: who has and who should be counseling?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the physical activity (PA) counseling literature in primary care in order to identify which intervention provider has been used to date and their relative effectiveness for increasing PA. METHOD: MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for PA intervention studies in primary care settings. RESULTS: Of the 19 studies, 37% were conducted solely by physicians, 37% by allied health professionals, while 26% were combined-provider interventions. There was a decline in the number of physician-only interventions and a shift towards interventions offered by allied health professionals as adjuncts or alone. Interventions across all provider categories generated some improvements in physical activity behavior, however, it appears that allied health professionals as adjuncts or alone produced the best results in the long-term (>6 months). There was substantial variation in the location and counseling approach employed by allied health professionals. CONCLUSION: We argue for an interdisciplinary model in which physicians recommend PA and provide referrals to allied health professionals such as physical activity counselors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: With physical activity counselors' specialized training and greater time available to the patient, they may provide more intensive and effective counseling required for behavior change and maintenance.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2003

Intensive smoking cessation counseling versus minimal counseling among hospitalized smokers treated with transdermal nicotine replacement: a randomized trial.

PURPOSE: To determine whether an intensive cognitive-behavioral intervention begun during hospitalization when combined with transdermal nicotine replacement therapy is more effective than a minimal counseling intervention combined with transdermal nicotine replacement therapy in helping inpatients to quit smoking. METHODS: A total of 223 patients who smoked were enrolled in a hospital-based randomized smoking cessation trial at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. One hundred and seven participants (48%) received intensive counseling and outpatient telephone follow-up; 116 participants (52%) received minimal counseling. All study participants received 2 months of transdermal nicotine replacement therapy. We determined 6-month quit rates by self-report and measured saliva cotinine levels or obtained proxy reports to confirm self-reported smoking cessation at 12 months. Analyses adjusted for baseline differences in the distribution of coronary disease. RESULTS: At 6 months, 35% (36/103) of the intensive intervention group reported quitting, compared with 21% (23/109) of the comparison group (relative risk [RR] = 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 2.7). At 12 months, the self-reported quit rate was 33% (33/99) in the intensive intervention group versus 20% (21/103) in the comparison group (RR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1 to 2.7). Based on biochemical or proxy confirmation, 29% (30/102) in the intensive intervention group versus 20% (21/107) in the comparison group quit smoking at 12 months (RR = 1.6; 95% CI: 0.96 to 2.5). CONCLUSION: Hospital-initiated smoking cessation interventions that include transdermal nicotine replacement therapy can improve long-term quit rates.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

[Isolated dietary counselling program versus supplement and dietary counselling in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nutritional intervention is a controversial area. The aim of the study was to compare the influence on nutritional status of nutritional supplementation with a standard polymeric formula as well as nutritional counselling versus isolated nutritional counselling in a group of HIV-infected patients. PATIENTS AND METHOD: There were 70 patients, 66 of whom were fully evaluated for each study end point after application of prospectively determined evaluability criteria. Of these, 35 were randomized to group I (standard formula) and 35 were randomized to unsupplemented group II. Group I patients received standard enteral formula (3 cans/day, 250 ml per can). Patients were submitted to a prospective serial assessment of their nutrition status (anthropometric and biochemical status) and the nutritional intake was determined by means of 24-hours written food records. Determinations were performed at baseline and at 3 months. RESULTS: Treatment with oral supplements in group I resulted in a significant and sustained increase in weight (2.75%; p < 0.05) which was mostly due to fat mass (10.8%; p < 0.05). In contrast, no changes were detected in group II patients. The increase in body weight and tricipital skinfold was significant in group I. Total body water and fat free-mass remained without changes. CD4 counts and viral load remained stable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral nutritional supplements for a 3-months period resulted in body weight gain in HIV-infected patients, increasing the fat mass. An isolated nutritional counselling did not result in such an increase.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

"Patient counselling" by pharmacists: four approaches to the delivery of counselling sequences and their interactional reception.

'Patient counselling' by pharmacists is a diverse and ill-defined activity. It is also an activity which is achieving more prominence as part of the 'extended role' which is seen as the way forward for the profession. This paper uses data from a hospital paediatric outpatient clinic in the United Kingdom to examine the process of patient counselling from a conversation analytic standpoint, with a particular focus on the varying ways in which these sequences are set up and the ways in which patients or carers respond. Four types of interactional approach to negotiating entry into a broadly defined 'patient counselling' sequence are identified. These approaches are considered within the broader frameworks of delicacy, morality and competence which impact upon the giving and receiving of advice and information more generally, as well as in this setting, and in the light of the continued development of the 'extended role'.

Communication↗
PubMed1998

How to promote physical activity through individual counseling--a proposal for a practical model of counseling on health-related physical activity.

A model was developed to aid practical decision making in the counseling of health-related physical activity. The development was based on the following concepts and theories: (1) A wide concept of physical activity; (2) A logical sequence of the practitioner's work steps; (3) Personal aspect of the client; (4) The client's stages of adoption; (5) Determinants of physical activity; (6) Selected educational concepts; (7) Selected strategies of planned maintenance. The model provides the practitioner the main work steps of counseling to follow and detailed lists of potential factors in each step to be taken into account for effective counseling on health-related physical activity. An illustrative case history is given on the model's application. The model is shown to incorporate central behavioral strategies shown useful in promoting adherence to physical activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Activity Counseling Trial (ACT): rationale, design, and methods. Activity Counseling Trial Research Group.

The Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) is a multicenter, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in the primary health care setting. ACT has recruited, evaluated, and randomized 874 men and women 35-75 yr of age who are patients of primary care physicians. Participants were assigned to one of three educational interventions that differ in amount of interpersonal contact and resources required: standard care control, staff-assisted intervention, or staff-counseling intervention. The study is designed to provide 90% power in both men and women to detect a 1.1 kcal.kg-1.day-1 difference in total daily energy expenditure between any two treatment groups, and over 90% power to detect a 7% increase in maximal oxygen uptake, the two primary outcomes. Primary analyses will compare study groups on mean outcome measures at 24 months post-randomization, be adjusted for the baseline value of the outcome measure and for multiple comparisons, and be conducted separately for men and women. Secondary outcomes include comparisons between interventions at 24 months of factors related to cardiovascular disease (blood lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, body composition, plasma insulin, fibrinogen, dietary intake, smoking, heart rate variability), psychosocial effect, and cost-effectiveness, and at 6 months for primary outcome measures. ACT is the first large-scale behavioral intervention study of physical activity counseling in a clinical setting, includes a generalizable sample of adult men and women and of clinical setting, and examines long-term (24 months) effects. ACT has the potential to make substantial contributions to the understanding of how to promote physical activity in the primary health care setting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol counseling as part of general wellness counseling.

Healthcare providers, and nurses in particular, are increasingly being called upon for health promotion counseling. Alcohol risk assessment is often included in general health screening questionnaires, but often little use is made of this information. Alcohol consumption is infrequently included as a focus of health promotion campaigns. Because alcohol intake influences many other health risks, it is logical and practical to include alcohol risk reduction in general wellness counseling. This article presents evidence that incorporating alcohol counseling lowers alcohol risk and lowers the risk of other chronic diseases. It also provides examples of ways nurses and other health professionals can discuss alcohol risk reduction in the context of general health, thus helping remove the stigma associated with alcohol risk and engage clients in efforts to lower their alcohol risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Medical counseling, nursing counseling, and nicotine chewing gum for smoking cessation in primary care].

The 2-month results of a study designed to compare the effectiveness of three methods to encourage giving up smoking in primary health care are reported: individualized medical counseling (minimal intervention), counseling plus follow-up option by the nurse, and medical counseling plus nicotine chewing gum. Overall 425 smokers between 15 and 65 years of age were included in the study. In 349 of them (82%), short term follow-up was carried out by phone interview. The proportion who declared to have given up smoking, after adjustment for the estimated validity of the phone report of smoking status, was 10, 9%, 10.8% and 11.1%, respectively, without significant differences between the three groups. In the logistic regression analysis, only the existence of concomitant disease and the anticipated difficulty in giving up smoking appeared as predictive variables of abstention. The implications of the results for the strategies to control smoking are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer counseling by telephone help-line: the UCLA Psychosocial Cancer Counseling Line.

This paper describes the Psychosocial Cancer Counseling Line (PCCL) of the University of California at Los Angeles, a National Cancer Institute-supported communications project in which the feasibility of providing psychological support to cancer patients and their significant others by telephone has been explored. Staffed by a combination of professional and paraprofessional volunteer counselors, the PCCL provides (a) direct telephone counseling to cancer patients, their families, and their friends; (b) referrals, when necessary, to community resources relevant to the psychosocial needs of callers; and (c) telephone consultation and information to health professionals. Call-record data reveal that the service is used mainly by family and friends of patients (45 percent of callers) and by patients themselves (23 percent), who represent a wide range of cancer diagnoses. Demographically, the modal caller is a well-educated, white, non-Hispanic woman in her thirties. Among the many different psychosocial concerns presented by callers, the most frequently discussed issues are requests for referral to a support group, anxiety associated with the disease or its treatment, family problems engendered or exacerbated by illness, and difficulties in doctor-patient communications. On the basis of the PCCL experience, the author argues that a telephone counseling service can perform important functions within the broad spectrum of psychosocial services needed by cancer patients and their families. These functions include provision of information, needs assessment, linkage to health professionals, psychological interventions during intervals between in-person contacts, provision of continuing emotional support not available elsewhere, and outreach to psychologically underserved populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Patient medication counseling--patient counseling about discharge medication].

BACKGROUND: With discharge from hospital, the correct use of his drugs is the responsibility of the patient. The patient's compliance mainly affects the success of therapy. An essential requirement for good compliance is informing the patient properly about the purpose and correct use of his drugs. In the first pilot study in Germany on this subject, we investigated how the additional patient medication counseling by a clinical pharmacist prior to discharge improves the patient's knowledge of his drugs. STUDY DESIGN: During a 10-week period, 37 patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Patients of the intervention group were verbally and in writing informed about the purpose and correct use of their drugs. The effect of the additional counseling was determined in both groups by a questionnaire at the time of discharge and a telephone interview 2 weeks later. CONCLUSION: Patient medication counseling by a clinical pharmacist prior to discharge improves the patient's knowledge of his drugs as an essential requirement of good compliance. Taking into consideration the economical consequences of noncompliance and the financial problems of the public health system it is advisable to establish this service in German hospitals.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Positive and negative life events after counselling and testing: the Voluntary HIV-1 Counselling and Testing Efficacy Study.

INTRODUCTION: The results of the Voluntary HIV-1 Counselling and Testing Efficacy Study support the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for reducing risk behaviors in three developing countries. METHODS: This report explores the social consequences of HIV VCT by examining the incidence of positive and negative life events at the first follow-up (an average of 7.3 months after recruitment). The incidence of positive and negative life events was compared between: (i) those who were randomly assigned to HIV VCT versus health information (HI); (ii) those who tested seronegative and those who tested seropositive; and (iii) those who disclosed their serostatus and those who did not. RESULTS: The occurrence of most negative life events was rare (0--4%); positive life events were more common (17--39%). With few exceptions, those assigned to HIV VCT were no more likely to experience negative life events than those who were assigned to HI. For individuals, positive serostatus was associated with increased support from health professionals, the break-up of a marriage and being neglected or disowned by their family. Serodiscordant couples with an HIV-positive woman were most likely to report the break-up of a marriage (20 versus 0--7% for other groups) and the break-up of a sexual relationship (45 versus 22--38% for other groups). Disclosure was associated with strengthening of a sexual relationship except for HIV-seropositive women. CONCLUSION: These findings, in combination with findings supporting the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of HIV VCT, support the dissemination of HIV VCT with appropriate support services in developing countries.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1977

"Practical suggestions on counseling how I do it": counseling the laryngectomized patient.

A laryngectomee's home environment may be a critical motivating factor for successful rehabilitation. Results from questionnaires to 45 wives of laryngectomees are discussed. The wives evaluated the adequacy of their preparation for the surgery and the type and severity of ensuing problems. Judgments as to the type and adequacy of counseling and the wives' factual understanding of the laryngectomy procedure and its consequences are reported. Results of the survey underscored the need for more counseling before and after laryngectomy. Wives of older laryngectomees were more optimistic post-operatively since their primary preoperative fear had been death. Younger wives' spirits are often lowest after surgery when the impact on daily living was more fully realized. The need for a team approach to total medical, speech, and vocational rehabilitation is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

[Schizophrenia, human genetics and genetic counselling. Human genetic counselling as part of the psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment concept].

The human genome project has substantially increased our knowledge about the genetic basis of psychiatric diseases. In daily clinical practice the physician is asked about the diagnosis of genetically dependent diseases with an increased psychiatric risk, particularly schizophrenia group disorders, about the recurrence risk of psychiatric diseases in the relatives and children of the patients, on the use of psychopharmaceuticals during pregnancy and their potential consequences for the offspring, as well as psychopharmacogenetics. These questions will be dealt with in this contribution. At present, they receive too little attention, although genetic counselling might play an important role within the framework of psychiatric treatment, especially for schizophrenia. Such counselling should be seen as a component of the psychiatric/psychotherapeutic treatment concept and performed according to human genetic guidelines.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed2004

Genetic counseling in primary care: longitudinal, psychosocial issues in genetic diagnosis and counseling.

Primary care clinicians have an essential role in genetic counseling.This role is distinct from the usual role of genetic counselors. First,primary care clinicans are often involved in the early stages of identifying who may benefit from genetic assessment, helping patients to decide when it is appropriate to pursue genetic information, and preparing them for consultation. Second, the styles of counseling and guidance common in generalist practice are different from the nondirective approach espoused in genetic counseling. Third, primary care clinicians often have a working knowledge of the patient's family, the context in which genetic information has its impact. They are likely to care for family members in addition to the identified patient,and may be well-positioned to adopt a family-based approach to managing genetic risk. Finally, primary care involves a longitudinal perspective, in which genetic information (the family history, for example) takes on new meaning and sometimes more urgency, as diseases progress, family members are newly diagnosed, and patients enter new phases of the life cycle. Patient continuity will play a pivotal role in the care and long-term management for individuals found to be at risk for genetic illness.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed1999

Counseling in audiology, or learning to listen: pre- and post-measures from an audiology counseling course.

Because of a "technology explosion," audiologists have more options than ever in providing for their patients' hearing needs. However, relatively few individuals with hearing loss seek out amplification, and those who do frequently report dissatisfaction with the quality of their interactions with audiologists. Most audiologists did not have coursework in counseling in their graduate programs, which may account for patient complaints. As part of a course development evaluation of an audiology counseling course, a preliminary study was conducted to examine two student learning objectives: to learn how to differentiate between content messages and affective messages and to learn how to respond to each type of message appropriately. Pre- and postcourse data collected from two cohorts of audiology graduate students indicated that (a) before taking the course, students were likely to provide informational responses to personal adjustment comments (a type of "communication mismatch"), and (b) at the end of the class, they were much more likely to match or mirror affective statements with affective responses.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Voluntary counseling and HIV testing for pregnant women in the Kassena-Nankana district of northern Ghana: is couple counseling the way forward?

This study reports the results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey undertaken in the Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana to assess the perception and attitude of 270 antenatal clinic attendants towards voluntary counseling and HIV testing. It was found that although 92.6% (95% CI 88.8-95.4) of respondents indicated a willingness to get tested, only 51% (95% CI 45.0-57.2) considered HIV testing for pregnant women to be useful. Most (93.6%) indicated they would like their husbands (partners) to know the result of the test and 52.2% indicated that their husbands would be willing to accompany them to antenatal clinic (ANC) at least once during the pregnancy. The perception of the usefulness of HIV testing (OR = 8.5, 95% CI 1.8-40.0), the willingness to disclose test result to the husband (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 4.0-44.5) and perceived willingness of husband to accompany wife to antenatal clinic (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 1.4-19.8) were found to be independent predictors of a woman's willingness to get tested. The willingness to disclose test result to husband (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1-10.5) and knowledge of at least one mode of MTCT HIV transmission (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6) were found to be independent predictors of a woman's perception that getting tested was useful. The results suggest that for pregnant women in this district, the willingness to get tested for HIV does not equate with the perception of the test's usefulness, and that spouses are likely to exert strong influence on the attitude of pregnant women towards VCT. Couple counseling facilitated through couple-friendly ANC services should be explored as strategy for the intended VCT program in this district.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sexual counselling--a dual counselling approach.

A technique has been described which utilises a dual counselling approach to handle problems of a sexual nature. The methods used to structure counselling sessions are discussed as well as the benefits and the drawbacks of using a male and female counsellor to assist people who have some failure in their sexual lifestyle.

Counseling↗