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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Molecular systematics and biogeography of aridland gnatcatchers (genus Polioptila) and evidence supporting species status of the California gnatcatcher (Polioptila california).

Over 2000 basepairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were compared to (1) examine evolution in protein coding versus noncoding [control region (CR)] segments, and (2) test the species-level distinctiveness of the California gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica) and clarify its phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships to other arid-adapted gnatcatchers. Unlike some studies, CR region I (left domain) was not as variable as coding genes. As expected, the central domain of the CR varied little, whereas CR II (right domain) showed high levels of variation. CR sequences tended to be "phylogenetically noisy" as evidenced by lower rescaled consistency indices, relative to those for coding genes. The California gnatcatcher differs from its sister-species, the black-tailed gnatcatcher (P. melanura), by approximately 4.0%, which supports species-level recognition. Two other aridland gnatcatchers, the black-capped gnatcatcher. (P. nigriceps) and white-lored gnatcatcher (P. albiloris), are closely related to the previous two species, also at a level of about 4 to 4.5% sequence divergence. These species evolved over a relatively short time, but prior to the most recent Pleistocene glaciations.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of Four Mendelian Loci of the California Sea Hare (Aplysia californica) from Populations of the Coast of California and the Sea of Cortez.

Aplysia californica is a species widely used in neurobiology, and specimens are collected from a wide range of places along its distribution range. A. californica is endemic to the coast of California and the Gulf of California. On the west coast, this is an unusual distribution range relative to other benthic species from that region. Four polymorphic nuclear Mendelian markers were identified (three single-copy nuclear DNA loci and one microsatellite) for an initial survey of genetic variation of wild populations. F(ST) values not significantly different from 0 (overall F(ST) = 0.0148) suggest there was no geographic genetic population subdivision in 177 individuals examined.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Electrostatic effects in myoglobin. Application of the modified Tanford-Kirkwood theory to myoglobins from horse, California grey whale, harbor seal, and California sea lion.

The modified Tanford-Kirkwood electrostatic theory (Shire et al., 1974a) was applied to ferrimyoglobins from the following animal species: sperm whale (Physeter catodon), horse, California grey whale (Eschrichtius gibbosus), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Computations were made of the overall hydrogen ion titration curves of the proteins, and of pH and ionic strength variations of ionization equilibria for individual groups in the protein, with particular reference to the hemic acid ionization of the iron bound water molecule. Coordinates and static solvent accessibility were estimated in terms of the sperm whale myoglobin structure. Where possible, theoretical results and experimental data are compared. Some comparative features of charge and ionization properties among the various myoglobins are presented.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Shared variance in the California Psychological Inventory and the California Q-Set.

On a composite sample of 940 individuals assessed at the Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, a series of analyses examining the extent and nature of correspondence between (a) observer descriptions of personality using the California Q-Set and (b) scores on the standard scales of the self-report California Psychological Inventory was performed. The instruments converged in the domains of social competence (vs. interpersonal inadequacy), rectitude (vs. rebellion), intellectual openness, tender-mindedness (vs. tough-mindedness), and emotional expressiveness.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗
PubMed1986

Heavy charged particle therapy of bone and soft tissue sarcoma. A phase I-II trial of the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Northern California Oncology Group.

At the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Northern California Oncology Group, a preliminary study of heavy charged particle radiotherapy in soft tissue and bone sarcoma has been carried out. Fifty-two patients with bone or soft tissue tumors were treated wholly or in part with heavy charged particles from 1978 to 1985. Eleven patients, considered inevaluable for purposes of this analysis, received less than 50 Gray-equivalents (GyE) because of the following: progressive disease (three patients); palliative treatment due to recurrent disease after previous radiation therapy (three patients); or since they were part of preliminary studies of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) (five patients). Forty-one patients received from 50 to 78.5 GyE, with a mean of 65 GyE. They had an average of 23 months follow-up, ranging from 4 to 78 months. In patients with paraspinal chondrosarcoma 9 of 11 had local control, with a mean follow-up time of 32 months. In the remaining patients with other histologies, 19 of 30 were controlled within the irradiated area, with a mean follow-up time of 20 months. Serious complications were encountered in the CNS (four patients), in the bowel (one patient), and in bone (one patient). Heavy charged particle radiotherapy appears to be of value in treating bone or soft tissue sarcoma; further trials are planned.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1981

Relationship of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests, the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test, and clinical observations accompanying them to evaluations in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, and audiology: two descriptive case studies.

A preliminary investigation was conducted into the relationship of the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT), the Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT), and clinical observations accompanying these tests to evaluations in otolaryngolgoy, ophthalmology, and audiology, ophthalmology, and audiology. The subjects were two children with vestibularly based sensory integrative dysfunction. The results revealed that there was no agreement between the results of the SCPNT and the otolaryngological evaluation. There was some agreement between the ophthalmology evaluation and the clinical observations accompanying the SCSIT. Both subjects scored poorly in two areas of auditory processing. Possible reasons for these results are discussed as well as implications for occupational therapy reached and practice.

Audiology↗
PubMed1985

Current considerations in heavy charged-particle radiotherapy: a clinical research trial of the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Northern California Oncology Group, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

Phase I and II radiotherapy trials with accelerated high-energy heavy charged-particle beams have been carried out at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory in conjunction with the Northern California Oncology Group and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Clinical experience with several anatomical regions and tumor types has been accumulated. Preliminary observations suggest that toxicity is acceptable with treatment techniques developed for neon ions. Further data must be accumulated for carbon or silicon ion therapy. Initial Phase III trials with neon ions should begin shortly; evaluation of optimal ions and techniques for improved dose localization is ongoing. Future directions for optimization of heavy charged-particle radiotherapy are presented.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Current prevalence of adult Uncinaria spp. in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, California, with notes on the biology of these hookworms.

A prevalence survey for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) was done in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups on San Miguel Island, CA, in 2000. Intestines of dead pups were examined for adult hookworms in July. These parasites were found in 95% of 20 fur seal pups and 100% of 31 sea lion pups. The number of hookworms varied from 4 to 2142 (mean = 760) in fur seal pups and from 20 to 2634 (mean = 612) in sea lion pups. A direct relationship was evident between body condition and number of hookworms in the pups; that is, pups in poor condition had fewer hookworms than those in good condition. There was a decline in the number of hookworms in sea lion pups in 2000 compared to collections in 1996. Eggs of Uncinaria spp. were found in rectal feces (collected in late September and early October) of none of 35 (0%) live fur seal pups and 41 of 48 (85%) live sea lion pups. Packed cell volume values, determined for most of the same live pups, were essentially normal for C. ursinus but were much lower than normal for most Z. californianus. Hookworm larvae were not found in blubber of fur seal and sea lion pups or in rookery sand in July. Rookery sand, positive for live hookworm larvae when put in a refrigerator, was negative at removal 2.5 years later. The average number of eggs in utero of female hookworms was 285 for three specimens from a fur seal pup and 281 from three specimens from a sea lion pup. One hookworm larva was recovered from milk stripped from the teats of a stranded Z. californianus female at The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1992

Argas (Argas) monolakensis, new species (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae), a parasite of California gulls on islands in Mono Lake, California: description, biology, and life cycle.

Argas (Argas) monolakensis, n. sp., is described from adults, nymphs, and larvae collected from under and around nests of California gulls, Larus californicus Lawrence, on islands in Mono Lake, Mono County, Calif., and from specimens reared in the laboratory. This species is closely related to A. cooleyi Kohls & Hoogstraal, a parasite of cliff swallows, Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot, but is easily distinguished by hypostome dentition and roof of Haller's organ in all stages and chaetotaxy of the larvae. This tick was successfully reared and maintained in the laboratory by feeding them on domestic chickens. Larvae require 5-8 d to feed, whereas all postlarval stages feed rapidly within 9-62 min. At Mono Lake, ticks are above ground and seek hosts only at night. The number of nymphal stages varies from 2 to 5 depending on the developmental temperature and sex of the tick. Ticks over winter at Mono Lake as second- to fifth-stage nymphs and adults. Ovarian diapause is common with preoviposition periods in extreme cases lasting up to 20 mo. This tick will readily feed on humans and has the potential to transmit Mono Lake virus, which has been isolated from an estimated 2-8% of ticks on various islands. To date, A. monolakensis is known only from islands in Mono Lake, Calif.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Consumer involvement--a vital piece of the quality quilt: the California HealthCare Foundation's strategy for engaging California consumers.

How can the delivery of health services be made accountable to the needs and desires of those who receive and, ultimately, pay for them? The approach of the California HealthCare Foundation (CHCF) has been to build a supply of consumer friendly information, to encourage societal vigilance through public reporting, and to disseminate it using both traditional and non-traditional strategies in order to reach underserved and disenfranchised populations.

California↗
PubMed1999

Survey of multiple sclerosis in northern California. Northern California MS Study Group.

A random sample of 493 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients registered with the Northern California Chapter of the National MS Society was surveyed by mail and subsequently interviewed with regard to their MS, life style, diet, medical treatment, family history, and insurance coverage. Of this sample, 168 patients (34%) returned completed questionnaires. The answers on the questionnaire were entered into a database and scores on the extended disability status scale (EDSS), the neurologic rating scale (NRS), the ambulation index (AI), and the mean disability scale (MDS) were determined from the patient's answers to a portion of the questionnaire using a previously validated conversion program. This survey population of 168 patients seemed to represent well both the random sample and the frame population from which it was drawn. Patients commonly experienced symptoms for which there are medical treatments currently available such as bladder symptoms, fatigue, spasticity, pain, and depression. Surprisingly, however, with the exception of spasticity, patients were only infrequently treated for these complaints. In addition, despite the recent approval of the beta-interferons and copolymer I in the treatment of MS, only 74% of the appropriate candidates for such treatment had these options discussed with them and only 45% ever actually received such treatment. Certain clinical features and dietary habits were strongly associated with both EDSS scores and total disability. Not unexpectedly, either a progressive disease course or the presence of neurological dysfunction in any one of a number of functional areas (e.g. bladder, vision, cognitive change, etc.) correlated with higher EDSS scores and greater total disability. Fatigue was also strongly correlated with disability. Indeed, fatigue accounted (in whole or in part) for 65% of the disability experienced by patients; an observation which only underscores the fact that fewer than one third of the patients who experience fatigue have ever been tried on medications. Interestingly, the only factors associated with lower EDSS scores and less total disability were exercise and alcohol consumption. Such associations from a single survey, however, do not establish causation. It is the purpose of this study to establish a baseline level of function within this survey population so that future surveys in the same set of individuals can allow a prospective assessment of how health outcome has influenced different aspects of the patient's medical care, lifestyle, and insurance coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Serve Our Seniors, Inc.--a demonstration program for proposed California menu guidelines for senior nutrition. California Department of Aging.

Revised menu guidelines, written by the California Department of Aging (CDA) for senior nutrition programs, were tested by Serve Our Seniors, Inc. in a demonstration program from January '91 through June '92. Results showed improved nutrient value of the meals through increasing fiber, and decreasing sugar and fat. New menus were accepted by senior participants with little resistance. Project food costs increased 4%. Guidelines were used in a variety of project kitchens, with minimal staff training. Limited storage was a problem. Vendors were encouraged to identify appropriate foods and control costs.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

California hospitals' vision, values and conditions for health care reform. California Association of Hospitals and Health Systems.

The hospitals' vision is attainable, but only if the reforms adopted reconcile the dichotomies of universal access, expectations, increasing utilization and rising costs. Rather than defer to the government, California hospitals prefer the development of a meaningful private-public partnership. Incentives are needed which encourage responsible behavior from all parties. Balanced roles and responsibilities provide the best foundation for a long-term solution. By the year 2000, reforms can be implemented and the United States again can lead the world in health and health care.

American Hospital Association↗
PubMed1995

California expands the duty to warn patients exposed to and infected with HIV. Reisner v. Regents of the University of California.

There is still no general definitive guide for hospitals and other health care providers concerning the extent of their duty to warn third parties of a patient's HIV status. However, even in states like California that have statutorily eliminated any duty to directly inform third parties, the Reisner case clearly indicates that liability to third parties may arise indirectly based on a failure to warn HIV-exposed or -infected patients of their status and the risks of communicating the virus to others. Accordingly, health care providers should take several actions: 1. Ascertain, with the assistance of legal counsel, the precise dictates of applicable state statutes and case law regarding (a) a provider's obligation to warn HIV-exposed or -infected individuals of the potential of communicating the virus to others; (b) additional statutory requirements such as notification of public health authorities; and (c) whether notice to third parties at risk of exposure from the patient is required or even permitted. 2. Develop and implement written policies regarding notification and counseling of exposed or infected patients, including counseling patients on the risks of communicating the virus to third parties; and 3. Develop and implement written policies regarding permissive or mandatory notification and counseling of exposed or infected third parties. In this context, providers should be aware that patient confidentiality and privacy laws may prohibit disclosure of the identity of exposed or infected patients to third parties.

California↗
PubMed2001

Eliminating smoking in bars, restaurants, and gaming clubs in California: BREATH, the California Smoke-Free Bar Program.

On January 1, 1998, California became the first state in the country to prohibit indoor smoking in nightspots, bars, bar/restaurant combinations, bingo parlors, cardrooms, and casinos on a statewide basis. This paper describes the activities which achieved this result, based on a program with three main goals: Ease the transition for business owners; Activate public support for the law; Defeat tobacco industry efforts to undermine the law. Important lessons learned from this campaign are presented.

California↗
PubMed1971

Cancer of the pancreas in California, 1942-1967. The California Tumor Registry experience.

California Tumor Registry data on pancreatic cancer for the period 1942-1967 (6,344 cases) was reviewed. Ninety-five percent of the cases were diagnosed after age 45. A male to female sex ratio of 1.5:1 was noted. In the 6,344 cases there were no Chinese females. Relative survival rates in the period covered ran between 1.8 and 2.3 percent. The mean survival from time of diagnosis was only 2.2 months, far worse than reported elsewhere. High incidence, low median age at diagnosis, and poor survival in Negroes suggest the need for a broader epidemiologic study focusing on specific predisposing factors in that race.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

An analysis of ischemic stroke in an urban southern California population. The University of California, San Diego, Stroke Data Bank.

BACKGROUND: Stroke databanks may provide important information regarding regional and temporal variations in the causes of stroke. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive patients presenting to the University of California, San Diego, stroke services with acute ischemic stroke were evaluated prospectively. A specific cause of stroke was assigned in each case according to predetermined diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Relative incidences of ischemic stroke causes were as follows: lacunar, 27%; unknown cause, 23%; cardioembolic, 22%; large-vessel atherothrombotic/embolic, 18%; and miscellaneous, 10%. CONCLUSIONS: These relatively high rates of lacunar stroke and stroke of unknown cause are similar to those from other recent surveys and may reflect an important shift in the pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie ischemic stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California.

The Southern California Twin Register is the result of an effort to recruit twins of all ages in the city of Los Angeles and surrounding areas. The register currently includes an ethnically diverse sample of more than 2600 twin pairs. The most recently recruited pairs have been drawn primarily from computerized records of enrollments in local public school districts, and are comparable in sex and ethnic distributions to the general public school population. An ongoing twin study of social and moral development in children, based on 600 pairs of 9-year-old twins from this register, is also described briefly in this paper.

Adolescent↗