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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

The inhibitory effect of convulsant agents on the enzyme in brain which inactivates nerveside.

1. An enzyme which can be extracted from brain inactivates nerveside in the optimum pH range 5.8-7.0.2. The polybasic acids trypan blue and its analogue trypan red, bromphenol blue and its analogue bromthymol blue at concentrations of 0.22 mM and ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) at a concentration of 1 mM are strong inhibitors of the enzyme.3. Penicillin which is a monobasic carboxylic acid also inhibits the enzyme but only if concentrations as high as 3.6 mM are used. The antibiotic streptomycin which is a basic substance does not inhibit the enzyme.4. Caffeine at a concentration of 7.2 mM only weakly inhibits the enzyme.5. Chymotrypsin and wheat germ acid phosphatase also inactivate nerveside at pH 5.9 and are inhibited by the acidic dyes and penicillin. EDTA inhibits wheat germ phosphatase but activates chymotrypsin.6. Inactivation of nerveside by the brain enzyme and by wheat germ phosphatase is different from the action of chymotrypsin. Nerveside solutions incubated with chymotrypsin completely lose all biological activity whereas if incubation is carried out with either the brain enzyme or wheat germ acid phosphatase a residual biological activity remains even when the concentration of these two enzymes is increased. This residual biological activity is due to a peptide as it is destroyed by chymotrypsin.7. The manner in which nerveside is inactivated by the brain enzyme is uncertain as the preparation of the latter contained phosphodiesterase and protease activities which were similarly inhibited by the acid dyes, penicillin and EDTA.8. Pentylenetetrazole, picrotoxin, strychnine and tetanus toxin do not inhibit the brain enzyme.9. The nerveside-inactivating enzyme is not identical with the Substance P-inactivating enzyme in brain as the former is inhibited by EDTA while the latter is not.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Nonlinear gel electrophoresis: an analogy with ideal fluid flow.

The behavior of electrolytes undergoing electrophoresis in various shaped gels was investigated using bromphenol blue as a model electrolyte. The results suggest that during gel electrophoresis, small electrolytes behave in a manner analogous to the flow of ideal, irrotational fluids.

Bromphenol Blue↗
PubMed1975

Procedure for calibrating the Technicon Colorimeter I.

We describe a rapid method for calibrating the Technicon AutoAnalyzer colorimeter I. Test solutions of bromphenol blue are recommended for the calibration, in preference to solutions of potassium dichromate, based on considerations of the instrument's working range and of the stray light characteristics of the associated filters.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1984

Electrical nerve location: numerical and electrophoretic comparison of insulated vs uninsulated needles.

We compared the electrical characteristics of insulated and uninsulated needles in two models that simulate use of a stimulator for nerve localization. With a digital computer, we solved for and graphed the contours of constant electric field strength, defining regions of simulated tissue in which a nerve would become depolarized for a particular stimulation current. We found that with an uninsulated needle, these regions extend proximally along the needle shaft with their widest dimension located slightly shallow to the tip, but with insulated needles, the regions are almost circular and are centered slightly deep to the needle tip. We confirmed these findings by electrophoresis of bromphenol blue dye in polyacrylamide gel. We also found that the necessary stimulator current is much more dependent on the depth of needle insertion with uninsulated needles than with insulated needles. We conclude that the electrical characteristics of insulated needles are more favorable for successful nerve block.

Bromphenol Blue↗
PubMed1984

Effect of intrabiliary administration of Triton X-100 on biliary excretory function in the rat.

Intrabiliary administration of Triton X-100 is of interest in producing effects on biliary tree permeability and canalicular biliary excretory function. Treatment with 0.4% Triton (40 microliter) was shown to increase the biliary excretion of intraportally administered [3H]sucrose. It also decreased recovery of [3H]sucrose given into the biliary tree. Thus, we concluded that Triton treatment increased biliary tree permeability. Using a different set of marker compounds, canalicular transport of bromphenol blue, [14C]morphine glucuronide and [3H]ouabain was found to be decreased. The fact that [3H] taurocholate excretion into bile was not affected whereas that of [3H]ouabain was lends support to the concept that taurocholate and ouabain are not transported by a common pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Color quenching in "environmentally friendly" cocktails.

Fluorescent and colored compounds used in molecular biology labs may generate color quench in wipe test samples taken from such labs. The ability of conventional chemical quench curves to correct for color quench caused by fluorescent and colored compounds in "environmentally friendly" cocktails has not been reported. Series of colored samples spiked with 3H or 14C were generated for three fluorescent compounds: ethidium bromide; Hoechst 33342; and fluorescein, and three colored compounds: thiazol yellow G; tartrazine; and a mixture of bromphenol blue and xylene cyanol. Three different "environmentally friendly" cocktails were used: one with a linear alkylbenzene solvent; one with a diisopropylnapthalene solvent; and a third with a phenylxylylethane solvent. The data, generated from two different liquid scintillation spectrometers that use different quench indicating parameters, suggest that the quench from the fluorochromes and colored dyes with moderate amounts of quench can be corrected by chemical quench curves. The data also suggest that the quench curve of diisopropylnapthalene-based cocktails is significantly different from the other "environmentally friendly" cocktails, when examined using tSIE as the quench indicating parameter.

Benzenesulfonates↗
PubMed1994

Absorption of organic anions as model drugs following application to rat liver surface in-vivo.

Absorption of organic anions (phenol red, bromphenol blue and bromosulphonphthalein) has been studied after their application to rat liver surface in-vivo, employing a cylindrical glass cell (i.d. 9 mm, area 0.64 cm2). Each drug appeared gradually in the blood with the peak level at about 1 h, after which its concentration declined slowly. Absorbed model drug was efficiently excreted into the bile. These observations appear to indicate the possibility of drug absorption from liver surface membrane. Absorption of model drugs was estimated to be more than 59% in 6 h. The biliary recovery and metabolism of phenol red did not change as compared with that after intravenous administration.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[A simple qualitative method for assessing microalbuminuria in diabetics].

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important causes of kidney diseases, the first sign of which is albuminuria. It is now possible to detect microalbuminuria before the appearance of larger quantities. We compared a simple qualitative test for microalbuminuria (change in color of a tablet containing bromphenol blue on addition of urine) with a more elaborate quantitative immunoturbidometric method. Of 109 samples tested 31 were positive by the quantitative method and 29 of these were positive by the tablet method. Out of the 78 negative by the quantitative method only 4 were positive by the qualitative test. The sensitivity of the tablet test was 93.5%, specificity 94.0%, positive predictive value 87.9%, negative predictive value 97.4%, false positive rate 5.2%, and false negative rate 6.2%. We conclude that the tablet test is simple and accurate and is suitable both for screening of large populations and for the diagnosis of individual cases of microalbuminuria.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1975

An anomalous effect of the intermediate products of riboflavine photolysis on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed water-solbule drug in rats.

The influence of the intermediate products of riboflavine photolysis on the absorption of poorly absorbed water-soluble drugs from the rat small intestine has been examined using an in situ recirculation technique. The absorption of phenol red, bromphenol blue (BPB) and their biliary excretion, and lactose isonicotinoyl-hydrazone (lactose-INH) and its plasma concentration were increased in experiments made in the presence of light in contrast to other made in the dark. The absorption of both phenol red and lactose-INH were concentration-dependent. On the other hand, a saturation phenomenon was demonstrated when the concentration of phenol red was kept constant while that of the water-soluble compound flavine mononucleotide (FMN) was changed. The results which were obtained from pretreatment experiments suggest an alteration in the permeability of the intestinal membrane. No enhancement effect could be demonstrated for lumichrome in the presence of absence of light.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

An enzymic creatinine assay and a direct ammonia assay in coated thin films.

We developed a thin-film enzymic assay for creatinine that makes use of creatinine iminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.21) to convert creatinine to N-methylhydantoin and ammonia. The ammonia diffuses through a semipermeable layer and is quantitated by reaction with bromphenol blue. A paired analysis of the sample on a separate coating without the enzymic reaction measures endogenous ammonia and, for samples with normal concentrations of ammonia, allows accurate determination of serum creatinine to 150 mg/L without dilution. Results of this assay (y) compare well with those by a liquid-chromatographic comparison assay (x) by linear regression (slope = 0.935, intercept = 1.13 mg/L, r2 = 0.995). It is insensitive to many substances, such as ketones and keto acids, that interfere with conventional assays. Results of the ammonia assay (y) correlate well with those by a semi-automated enzymic assay (x) based on glutamate dehydrogenase (slope = 1.068, intercept = 17.3 mumol/L, r2 = 0.985).

Ammonia↗
PubMed1981

Further studies on plasma proteins, lipids, and dye- and drug-binding in a child with analbuminemia.

A previously reported patient with analbuminemia was re-investigated after 4 1/2 years, at age 6. The serum albumin concentration was 150 mg/L by radioimmunoassay. Most of the observed increase in total plasma protein over the 4 1/2 years was attributable to gamma-globulin. Concentrations of total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were increased; the esterified:free ratio and the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity were both normal. Albumin is apparently not essential for binding of lysolecithin generated by the acyltransferase-catalyzed reaction. The binding of bromphenol blue suggested that analbuminemic serum has about 25% of normal binding capacity for bilirubin (more than expected in a patient with analbuminemia), which may explain why newborns with this disorder do not develop kernicterus. Binding by the patient's plasma of diazepam (1020 mg/L) and warfarin (1040 mg/L), which bind primarily to albumin, as well as of propranolol (1.05 g/L), which binds primarily to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, was also studied. The proportions of free diazepam (14.4%) and warfarin (4.8%) were about 10-fold normal. In contrast, the proportion of propranolol in the free form was decreased (4.5%). Evidently, other plasma proteins are partly compensating for the deficiency of albumin.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Appearance of free histones within nuclei of differentiating cells in the developing rat embryo.

Having applied the picric acid-bromphenol blue (BPB) and the phosphomolybdic acid-benzidine (PMA-B) methods--the first method detecting the total histone content, the second one only free histones--we have found that cell nuclei of the rat embryos permanently contain histones, nevertheless, in such a pattern that the free histone appears only at a well-defined stage of embryogenesis. Strong PMA-B reaction is observable in the nuclei of some mesenchymal cells and in the reorganizing somites' cell nuclei of the 13-day-old embryo as well as in the hemopoietic elements of the 15- and 17-day old embryos' liver. Within nuclei of the red blood cells of the 13-day-old embryo an extremely intense reaction is seen which then disappears till the 15th day, while the BPB reaction shows a gradual intensification up to the neonatal age. The experiments support the former model of one of the authors for a histone-nonhistone control of ontogenesis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Administration of novel dyes for intraocular surgery: an in vivo toxicity animal study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injections of new vital dyes on the retina, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid in an in vivo rat model. METHODS: Rats were injected intravitreally with four dyes: light-green SF yellowish (LGSF), copper(II)phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid (E68), bromphenol blue (BPB), and Chicago blue (CB) dissolved in physiologic saline solution (PSS) at concentrations of 0.5% and 0.02%. PSS served as the control. Additional animals were treated with single injections of 0.5%, 0.02%, 0.002%, and 0.0002% ICG or 0.002% E68 into one eye. Adverse effects on anterior and posterior segments were evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. Retinal toxicity was assessed by histology and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) quantification 7 days after dye administration. RESULTS: Eyes treated with 0.5% E68, 0.5% ICG, or 0.5% CB showed discrete staining of both cornea and lens not seen at lower concentrations or with other dyes. Histology revealed dose-dependent reactions after E68 administration. ICG 0.5% induced significant thinning of inner retinal layers compared with PSS. ICG 0.02% caused focal degenerative changes of the outer retina in three of seven eyes, whereas 0.002% and 0.0002% ICG did not. CB led to heterogeneous morphologic alterations. BPB- or LGSF-treated eyes showed normal retinal morphology. ICG at all tested concentrations induced significant RGC loss, as did E68 at 0.5% but not at lower concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: BPB or LGSF produced no significantly detectable toxic effects on the retina in vivo. The safety of these new dyes must be established in other models and/or in preclinical studies before the clinical use of any of these dyes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Histochemical demonstration of hyaluronic acid in human dermal mast cells.

Acid mucopolysaccharides in mast cell granules were histochemically studied in the lesion of urticaria pigmentosa and in the dermis of normal human skin. Alcian blue and azure A were used to stain mucopolysaccharides. Bromphenol blue was employed for detection of basic proteins. In a further attempt to identify various polyanions, staining was carried out with alcian blue containing various concentrations of electrolytes. Methylation, saponification, and digestion with streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, sialidase, or desoxyribonuclease were also employed. The results obtained are most likely to suggest the presence of hyaluronic acid in mast cell granules.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of dye binding for quantitative determination of proteins in solutions (review)].

A review is presented of the methods used for estimation of protein content in solutions. These methods are based on measuring of some organic dyes binding with protein--amido-black 10B, coomassy brilliant blue R-250 and G-250, ponso G, violet sulfate, bromphenol blue, naphthol yellow S, orange G. Advantages and limitations of these methods were compared with Lowry et al (1951) method and with some other conventional methods for estimation of protein content. The methods based on dye binding might provide additional information and substitute the Lowry method if an adequate protein is selected for a calibration plot.

Amido Black↗
PubMed1976

Acid mucopolysaccharides in hair papillae of the stump-tailed macaque (Macaca speciosa).

Acid mucopolysaccharides in dermal papillae of hair follicles from both bald and on-bald regions of the scalp of stump-tailed macaques were studies histochemically. Alcian Blue, Azure A and Periodic acid Schiff methods were used for staining mucopolysaccharides, and Bromphenol Blue for staining basic proteins. In an attempt to identify various polyanions, staining was carried out with Alcian Blue containing different concentrations of electrolytes. Methylation, saponification, mild acid hydrolysis and digestion with streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, or sialidase, were also used. The results indicate that chondroitin sulphate B is present in the papillae of terminal hair follicles in early and intermediate anagen, and degraded chondroitin sulphates are present in the papillae of vellus and terminal hair follicles in late anagen.

Animals↗