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71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Determination of the number of mast cells in lymph node, bone marrow, and buffy coat cytologic specimens from dogs.

Cytologic samples of popliteal lymph node, proximal femoral bone marrow, and the buffy coat fraction of blood were obtained from 56 dogs. The number of mast cells on 1 slide of each sample was determined by microscopic examination. Eleven of 46 slides of lymph node aspirate contained mast cells (range, 1 to 16; mean, 6.4; median, 5 mast cells/slide). Fifty-one bone marrow aspirate slides were evaluated. Two of these contained a single mast cell. None of the 53 buffy coat smear slides examined contained any mast cells. These results indicated that in clinically normal dogs, a few to several mast cells may be encountered in smears of lymph node aspirate, mast cells are rare in smears of bone marrow aspirate, and mast cells are absent from smears of buffy coat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing an educational needs assessment.

Nurse educators routinely are asked to assess learning needs. Step-by-step guidelines for formulating and implementing an educational needs assessment are provided. The nurse educator who is familiar with conducting a needs assessment can obtain required baseline information to make decisions in various situations.

Decision Making, Organizational↗
PubMed1989

Unit-based research forums: a model for the clinical nurse specialist to promote clinical research.

Although nurse researchers have generated research findings, practitioners in clinical practice have not consistently utilized them. Evaluation and modification of clinical practice through research is a key component of the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS). In this paper, an innovative model is described in which the Clinical Nurse Specialist coordinates specialty-based clinical research through the use of unit-based research forums, an outgrowth of unit-based quality assurance. Such a model allows staff at the unit level to engage in problem-solving dialogues, resulting in increased use of research findings and generation of original research.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1987

Using the coefficient of correlation in method-comparison studies.

The coefficient of correlation (R) is one of the most commonly computed statistics in method-comparison studies. Usually, it is simply quoted without interpretation. In this paper, we show how R may be used to detect interference, nonlinearity, and misuse of the imprecision components. Specifically, one may precisely predict what R should be by considering the imprecisions of the two methods being compared, even before the comparison is performed. When the actual R disagrees with the predicted R, then one of the mentioned effects is present. We also describe a statistical test to detect these effects at the P = 0.05 level, then evaluate this test by using computer simulation and present two examples of its use. We also present the theory underlying the usage of R, including how R is affected by the distribution and range of the data, by the joint imprecisions of the methods being compared, by the sample size, and by the randomness of the specimen-selection process.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1986

Correct and incorrect estimation of within-day and between-day variation.

Between-day variance is an ambiguous term representing either total variance or pure between-day variance. In either case, it is often incorrectly calculated even though analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other excellent methods of estimation are available. We used statistical theory to predict the magnitude of error expected from using several intuitive approaches to estimation of variance components. We also evaluated the impact of estimating the total population variance instead of pure between-day variance and the impact of using biased estimators. We found that estimates of variance components could be systematically biased by several hundred percent. On the basis of these results, we make recommendations to remove these biases and to standardize precision estimates.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Diflorasone diacetate ointment 0.05 percent in conjunction with UVB and tar in a modified outpatient Goeckerman regimen.

Nineteen patients with psoriasis were treated with a modified Goeckerman regimen tailored to enhance patient compliance. Treatment consisted of daily coal tar emulsion baths at bedtime, followed by the application of 0.05 percent diflorasone diacetate ointment. Patients received increasing suberythemal dosages of short ultraviolet radiation (UVB) three times weekly at our outpatient phototherapy center. The duration of therapy ranged from three to twenty-eight weeks. The average number of phototherapy treatments was twenty-nine. Eight patients had total clearing of their lesions. Of the remainder, seven had at least 75 percent clearing and one had less than 25 percent clearing of psoriasis. One patient with psoriatic erythroderma experienced no improvement. Two patients did not complete the study. There were no side effects encountered during treatment other than periodic excessive erythema. If the two patients who did not complete the study are excluded from the results, 88 percent (fifteen of the remaining seventeen) had 75 percent or greater resolution of their psoriatic eruption and 47 percent (eight of seventeen) had total clearing. This outpatient modification of the Goeckerman regimen eliminates the use of cosmetically unacceptable topical agents during working hours, promotes patient compliance, and presumably contributes to enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1966

Topics in library technology: binding techniques.

The purpose of the library binding industry is to help the librarian maintain a valuable inventory of printed material for maximum use now and in the future. Standardization of approved materials and methods in the industry have encouraged manufacturers to develop materials and machinery for its use, and these, in turn, have enabled it to meet the increasing and changing needs of libraries with a uniform product of high quality and an economical and constantly improving service. The librarian, as custodian of the library's materials, must be the originator of the binding program and is the only one who knows the end use of each item, which is usually the factor that determines the selection of the most suitable binding.

Bookbinding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methotrexate: its use in the rheumatic diseases.

Methotrexate in a low dose intermittent regimen has become popular as a therapeutic choice for refractory psoriatic arthritis, polymyositis, Reiter's disease and more recently rheumatoid arthritis. As a folate analogue, it inhibits the formation of reduced folate cofactors which participate in a host of important reactions including DNA synthesis. It has been shown to have both immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties although its precise mechanism of action in these diseases is not known. It may be variably absorbed especially in psoriatics and its action may be antagonized by folate supplements. Its major route of metabolism appears to be via the enterohepatic circulation. Numerous drugs, including salicylates, may increase serum levels by displacing the drug from protein binding sites and by competing for renal excretion. It has fewer short term side effects than the other immunosuppressives used in rheumatic disease. Its major long term toxicity is liver fibrosis or cirrhosis which appears to increase with greater cumulative dosage and treatment duration. Several recent reports of hypersensitivity pneumonitis reinforce the previous literature on this topic. Pulmonary toxicity may be more common than suggested as more patients are treated with methotrexate for rheumatic diseases. Clinical studies in general have been uncontrolled and lacking in scope and size. Nevertheless, the literature to date appears to show this to be an excellent drug for use in the diseases mentioned. Prospective double blind controlled studies on psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis should help establish this drug as the immunosuppressive of choice in these diseases.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress-coping response to genitourinary carcinoma in men.

In this descriptive study of 30 men with chronic genitourinary cancer, subjects were found to have minimal emotional distress in response to a periodic diagnostic procedure (cystoscopy). State anxiety levels and critical thinking ability measured preprocedure were not significantly different from levels obtained six to eight weeks postprocedure in subjects with negative biopsy results. Routine hospitalization for diagnostic monitoring was found, during COPE interview (Weisman & Worden, 1976), to be less stressful than regular work or financial and family concerns. Subjects with higher concurrent life stress had higher state anxiety and achieved less resolution of problems. Although anxiety levels for the group were within normal limits, 33% of the sample were categorized as having high anxiety on at least one testing occasion. This high-anxiety group had more severe behavioral responses, including feelings of depression, helplessness, and inability to set priorities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1981

Preparation of a Mastership thesis.

A detailed account is given of the mechanics of converting the manuscript results from a period of research into a thesis that is also a first-class, readable book.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of four endotracheal tube holders.

OBJECTIVE: To compare four methods (Lillihei harness, Comfit, Dale, and SecureEasy) of securing endotracheal tubes in orally intubated adult patients in the intensive care unit. DESIGN: Prospective, quasiexperimental. SETTING: University-affiliated oncology critical care unit. SUBJECTS: One hundred twenty-one adult patients who were orally intubated. OUTCOME MEASURES: Endotracheal tube stability, facial skin integrity, patient and registered nurse satisfaction. INTERVENTION: Data collection was conducted on 121 orally intubated subjects. Subjects were evaluated every 12 hours for stabilization of the endotracheal tube and integrity of facial skin. On extubation, patient and nurse satisfaction with the method were assessed. RESULTS: Pearson chi square revealed the SecureEasy holder to be the most secure (p = 0.044). Of all variables that possibly affect extubation, presence of prolonged coughing and gagging had the greatest impact in terms of accidental extubation or dislocation of the endotracheal tube. The fewest incidents of facial skin breakdown occurred with the SecureEasy and Dale holders. Patient complaints regarding discomfort with turning were least common with the Lillihei harness. The SecureEasy holder was associated with the highest degree of nurse satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that the SecureEasy holder is the preferred alternative method for securing endotracheal tubes when the standard method with tape is not desirable. These results are similar to those reported in a previous investigation in which the adequacy of the SecureEasy holder was assessed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavages and prevalence of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens in dogs with or without pulmonary disease.

The prevalence of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavage specimens and the prevalence of mycoplasmal recovery from pharyngeal swab specimens from dogs with (n = 38) or without (n = 26) pulmonary disease were determined. Similar mycoplasmal recovery rates were found for tracheobronchial lavage specimens from dogs > or = 1 year old with (21%) or without (25%) pulmonary disease. Prevalence of mycoplasmal recovery from tracheobronchial lavages was significantly associated with pulmonary disease among dogs < 1 year old (P = 0.04), and with dogs that had concurrent Bordetella (P = 0.006) and Streptococcus (P = 0.05) isolations. Among dogs with pulmonary disease, mycoplasmas were significantly (P = 0.02) more prevalent in dogs with septic inflammation than in dogs with nonseptic inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree. Ureaplasmas were only isolated from a tracheobronchial lavage specimen of 1 dog with pulmonary disease and from none of the dogs without pulmonary disease. Most dogs with (84%) and all dogs without pulmonary disease had mycoplasmas isolated from the pharynx. Seemingly, mycoplasmas are part of the normal pharyngeal flora of most dogs and normal inhabitants of the lower airway in about a fifth to a fourth of the canine population > or = 1 year old. Dogs < 1 year old with pulmonary disease and dogs with concurrent Bordetella or tracheobronchial streptococcal isolations may be more susceptible to mycoplasmal colonization of the lower airways. Seemingly, ureaplasmas are rarely associated with pulmonary disease, and are not normal inhabitants of the trachea and bronchi of dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Social support and patterns of adjustment to breast cancer.

The effect of marital support and support from other adults on the emotional and physical adjustment of 128 women with breast cancer was examined. Role function and satisfaction with health care also were evaluated as predictors of adjustment. Intact data series were obtained at 7-10 days, at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year postsurgery. Emotional adjustment could be predicted by satisfaction with a spouse's response to interactional and emotional needs and by support from other adults. The relationships were significant at concurrent times, across contiguous times, and predicting from the 7-10 day postsurgical period to both the 6-month and 1-year end points. Physical adjustment was not predicted by support but satisfaction with health care was predictive of perceived overall health status. Functional status in vocational, domestic, and social roles was significantly related to emotional and physical adjustment at all phases with few exceptions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Effects of binding policy and other factors on the availability of journal issues.

Random samples of journal issues, derived from a test set of 106 biomedical journal titles, were checked against the shelves of the Woodward Biomedical Library under circulating and noncirculating conditions. As well as circulation, binding procedures and duplication of sets were seen to affect availability. Indications are that the practice of binding journals upon completion of the volume may remove them from use at a time of peak demand. The usefulness of second sets of journals appeared to decline rapidly within a few years after publication. A change from circulating to noncirculating conditions may have increased availability certain journals by discouraging use.

Bookbinding↗