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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Preparation of a biphasic calcined bone of beta-TCP/HAP and its application in BMP-2 gene medicine].

In this study, we produced a biphasic absorbable calcined bone (CB) of beta-TCP/HAP, and evaluated its function as a carrier of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in BMP-2 gene medicine. Biphasic CB was manufactured and its surface was coated by collagen. X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and biomechanical measurement were performed on the product. Heterotopic bone induction of product as carrier of BMP-2 gene transferred BMSCs and its biodegradability were tested in nude mice and goats. X-ray diffraction analysis showed biphasic patterns of HAP and beta-TCP. Scanning electron microscopy showed the porosity were similar to those of the cancellous bone, and the adhesion of cells on the CB surface were better after surface-coating with collagen. It had certain biomechanical strength and appropriate biodegradability. Biphasic CB loaded with Adv-hBMP-2 transduced BMSCs could induce much bony callus at the subcutaneous site of nude mice and the tibial bone defects of goats. The results showed biphasic CB is a superior carrier of cells in BMP-2 gene medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine accelerates the healing of bone fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine on the healing of bone fracture. METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits with tibial fracture were treated by iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine. A retrospective study of 52 clinical cases of tibial fracture treated with the iontophoresis was also performed in comparison with 50 control cases. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 100% and in the clinical cases, treatment with the iontophoresis resulted in accelerated healing of the tibial fracture, which took place 10 d earlier than that in the control cases. The follow-up of the patients lasting for 4 to 12 months found satisfactory healing of the fractures with functional recoveries. CONCLUSION: Iontophoresis with traditional Chinese herbal medicine promotes blood circulation and accelerates the growth of bony callus, and provides a new therapeutic approach for promoting the healing of bone fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Experimental study and clinical observation of minimum-contact plate in long bone fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanical properties and the clinical results of minimum-contact plate in the treatment of fractures. METHODS: Four-point bending and torsion tests were conducted to compare the new minimum contact plate (MCP) with dynamic compression plate (DCP) and limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP). The fracture healing time and growth of bony callus were observed in 29 cases of long bone fracture fixed with MCP to evaluate the advantages of this kind of plate. RESULTS: The 29 patients who underwent MCP were followed up from 6 to 14 months. The average healing time for femoral, tibial and humeral fractures was 12, 13 and 10 weeks, respectively. All fractures were healed. No displacement of fracture, screw pullout, deformation or break of the plate were found. CONCLUSIONS: The bending stiffness of MCP is significantly greater than that of DCP and LC-DCP (P<0.05). MCP can protect the periosteal blood supply against avascular osseous necrosis and accelerate bone healing. It is a kind of reliable and effective plate in treatment of fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[An immunological study on adenovirus mediated human bone morphogenetic protein 2 gene therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the host immune reaction against adenovirus mediated human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Adv-hBMP-2) gene therapy in repair of tibial defects. METHODS: Twelve goats were made 2.1 cm segmental defects in the tibial diaphysis and divided into 2 groups. Adv-hBMP-2 transfected marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and untransfected MSCs were implanted into the defect sites of transfected group(n = 7) and untransfected group (n = 5), respectively. The defect repair was observed by X-ray films after 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks of transplantation and cellular and humoral immune reactions to adenovirus were assayed before implantation and after implantation. RESULTS: More bony callus was found in the bone defects of transfected group. The healing rates were 6/7 in transfected group and 2/5 in untransfected group, respectively at 24 weeks after implantation. The mixed culture of lymphocytes and MSCs showed that the lymphocytes stimulation indexes (SI) increased 14 days after implantation, and there was significant difference between the transfected group (4.213 +/- 1.278) and the untransfected group(- 0.310 +/- 0.147, P < 0.05); SI decreased after 28 days, but there was no significant difference between the transfected group (2.544 +/- 0.957) and the untransfected group (3.104 +/- 0.644, P > 0.05). After 14, 28, 49, and 120 days of treatment, the titer values of neutralizing antibody against Adv-hBMP-2 (log0.1) were 2.359 +/- 0.226, 2.297 +/- 0.200, 2.214 +/- 0.215 and 2.297 +/- 0.210 in transfected group, and - 0.175 +/- 0.335, - 0.419 +/- 0.171, 0 +/- 0.171 and 0.874 +/- 0.524 in untransfected group, being significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adenovirus mediated BMP-2 gene therapy can cause cellular and humoral immune reactions against adenovirus, which can eliminate the influence of adenoviral genes and proteins within a certain period.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2006

[Repair of mandibular central fissures in rabbits with hBMP-2 gene modified tissue engineered bone].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the tissue engineered bone substitute loaded with periosteal-derived osteoblasts (POBs) transfected by adenovirus mediated human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene (Ad-hBMP-2) in the repair of rabbit mandibular central fissures. METHODS: 45 rabbits with the soft tissue in the mandibular central fissures removed were randomly divided into 5 groups, group I: Ad-hBMP-2 transfected POBs/bioglass group (n=10); group II: adenovirus mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad-EGFP) gene transfected POBs/bioglass group (n=10); group III: untransfected POBs/bioglass group (n=10); group IV: single bioglass group (n=10); group V: control group (n=5). The above bone substitutes were implanted in the rabbit mandibular central fissures respectively except group V. The samples were studied by gross, X-ray, histomorphology, histomorphometrical analysis and biomechanics after 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks respectively. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In gross view, the rabbit mandibular central fissures in group I were replaced by new bone including cortical bone from the 4th week. X-ray examination showed that the higher bone density was found in the rabbit mandibular central fissures of group I 4 to 8 weeks after implantation. Histomorphometrical analysis showed much more new bony callus in group I than in other groups (P<0.01). The maximal anti-bending load and bending rigidity of the implanted bone substitute of group I were significantly higher than those of group II, III and IV (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The tissue engineered bone substitute loaded with POBs transfected by human BMP-2 gene could get the best result in the repair of rabbit mandibular central fissures, therefore, it is likely to be used in the repair of alveolar clefts.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1990

Effect of cadmium on the thickness of compact bone and on bone repair in cadmium-sensitive mice.

Cadmium administered intraperitoneally to male mice from a cadmium-sensitive KE strain brought about a decrease in thickness of the cortical bone layer accompanied by osteoporosis and widening of the marrow cavity. The extent of these changes was assessed by calculating the cortical index. No differences were observed between animals examined four months and eight months after cadmium administration. Cadmium also caused a delay in bone repair after experimental fracture: in cadmium-treated mice bony callus had not formed six weeks after the fracture, whereas control animals showed a fully healed fracture after four weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental studies on wound healing of the jaw bone fracture].

The author has studied on wound healing of the jaw bone fractures in 5 Malaysian monkeys aging around 2 years and weighing about 3 Kg. For the experimental studies, fractures of the jaw bone in terms of oblique osteotomies from angle to sigmoid notch of the mandible of the Malaysian monkeys were made by using #700 fissure bur and reduced and fixed them in terms of interosseous wiring. The experimental animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week thereafter, and the fracture sites were obtained to make microscopic slides stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, and Van Gieson method. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The blood of hematoma situated in fractured crevice are getting replaced with granulation tissue 1 week after fracture. 2. The granulation tissue occurred in fractured crevice are getting replaced with connective tissue as bone matrix 2 weeks after fracture. 3. Immature new bone formation with bony trabeculation formed 3 weeks after fracture. 4. The secondary bony callus with abundant osteoblasts and osteocytes in bone matrix formed 4 weeks after fracture. 5. The fractured wound completely healed with a new bone formation 5 weeks after fracture.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Freeze-dried segmental fibular allografts in azathioprine-treated dogs.

The successful use of a bone allograft may be negated by the host's immune response. This investigation assessed the efficacy of combining freeze-dried cortical allografts in three to six weeks azathioprine-immunosuppressed dogs. Forty-eight of 94 adult mongrel dogs were initiated for this study, and 46 of 94 were previously published and recompiled. The dogs were divided into five groups and followed for six months: Group I consisted of bilateral fresh autografts as an external control; Group II assessed the effect of freeze-drying on autogenous bone; Group III compared fresh autografts with fresh allografts; Group IV assessed the effect of freeze-drying on allografts; and Group V assessed the combined effect of placing freeze-dried allografts in immunosuppressed hosts. Biweekly roentgenograms were made to evaluate the time to union and the incidence of graft fatigue failure. Mechanical graft strength was assessed by rapid torsional loading to failure at the time of sacrifice. Biologic repair was assessed with the use of tetracycline and microradiographic techniques. The incorporation and repair of a fresh cortical autograft is better than that of a freeze-dried autograft because of fractures, nonunion, or delayed union of graft-host junctions; freeze-dried autografts have increased peripheral and internal resorption, yet an increased peripheral bony callus maintains normal graft strength; freeze-dried and fresh allografts are similar in roentgenographic characteristics, mechanical strength, and in the mechanism of graft incorporation; the use of three or six weeks azathioprine therapy did not improve the fate of freeze-dried allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Fracture of the greater tubercle of the humerus in a filly.

A fracture of the caudal portion of the greater tubercle of the humerus was diagnosed in a 16-month-old Thoroughbred filly. Initially the fracture caused severe lameness. Radiography of the affected shoulder revealed the fracture fragment to be extra-articular, with a surrounding bony callus and no evidence of joint disease. After 5 weeks rest in a stall and 11 months at pasture, the filly was trained and raced without lameness.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT multiplanar reconstruction in 253 cases of lumbar spondylolysis.

Two hundred fifty-three patients with lumbar pars interarticularis defects were studied by multiplanar high-resolution computed tomographic scanning (CT/MPR). Two hundred thirty patients had one or more pars defects at L5, 21 at L4, and two at L3. Within this group of patients, 21% had more than 5 mm of disk bulge or herniation, 34% had foraminal encroachment, and 34% had indentation on the neural canal from soft-tissue or bony callus formation.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

[Tissue morphology at the site of fusion after osteotomy of the proximal end of the femur in children].

The preliminary results of histomorphologic examination of tissue harvested at the site of bone plate junction, screw and plate-blade holes as well as from the fascia and muscle around the fusion site. The samples were taken at the time of the plate removal. A cartilage resembling growth plate, callus and bony trabeculae were found in preparations examined, what may indicate proliferation around the plate. Focal necrosis implies tissue destruction. Tawny deposits positively reacting to iron detectors and inflammatory infiltration were common findings. This may prove formulation of biologically active metallic albumins.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Bone marrow in patients with pseudarthrosis. A study of progenitor cells by in vitro cloning].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The recent observations that osteoblasts develop from a stem cell found in the medullary stroma suggest that, as already suspected in classical histological studies, many consolidation mechanisms are based on bone marrow. Since cells characteristics can now be studied in tissue culture, it has become possible to investigate the activity of the bone marrow in non union. The working hypothesis for this study was: if the bone marrow plays a part in bony callus formation, bone marrow from non union site should manifest anomalous activity whatever the origin of the focus sampled. Therefore, the aim of this study was to seek in vitro, using cell cloning techniques, anomalies of bone marrow from non union site. MATERIALS: The study characterizes the bone marrow from 35 non union sites, not only with respect to the medullary stroma but also the hematopoietic compartment. In this study, we look for systemic anomalies which could explain susceptibility to non union, we also compare in vitro activity of bone marrow taken from non union with others samples taken from the iliac crest of the same patient. METHODS: The cell density in the bone marrow in these sites was studied in vitro with material taken from the non union site. Samples were taken by aspiration with a trocar located by image intensification. Assays of CFU-GM were chosen to quantify the hematopoietic activity of the marrow, and of CFU-F to quantify stroma cells activity. Cell densities in the non union site were compared to those in patients' own iliac crests, and also to iliac crests densities of a control population of bone marrow donors. RESULTS: The bone marrow of non union site contained low levels of progenitor cells. Especially surprising was that progenitors were also sparse in the bone marrow of the iliac crest of patients with non union, compared with control bone marrow donors. In several cases, certain general factors are probably responsible for the abnormally low levels of progenitor cells, not only in the non union site, but also in the iliac crest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) injection stimulates cartilage enlargement and inhibits cartilage gene expression in rat fracture healing.

The effect of the administration of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) on normal fracture healing was examined in a rat fracture model. One microgram of aFGF was injected into the fracture site between the first and the ninth day after fracture either every other day or every day. aFGF-injected calluses were significantly larger than control calluses, although this does not imply an increased mechanical strength of the callus. Histology showed a marked increase in the size of the cartilaginous soft callus. Total DNA and collagen content in the cartilaginous portion of the aFGF-injected calluses were greater than those of controls, although the collagen content/DNA content ratio was not different between the aFGF-injected and control calluses. Fracture calluses injected with aFGF remained larger than controls until 4 weeks after fracture. The enlarged cartilaginous portion of the aFGF-injected calluses seen at 10 days after fracture was replaced by trabecular bone at 3 and 4 weeks. Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA extracted separately from the cartilaginous soft callus and the bony hard callus showed decreased expression of type II procollagen and proteoglycan core protein mRNA in the aFGF-injected calluses when compared with controls. A slight decrease in types I and III procollagen mRNA expression was also observed. We concluded that aFGF injections induced cartilage enlargement and decreased mRNA expression for type II procollagen and proteoglycan core protein.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[Mechanical modification of callus healing].

Interfragmentary movement and size of the fracture gap influence fracture healing. Limited movements promote callus formation and may result in increased mechanical stability. Although larger movements still promote callus formation, the bony consolidation of the fracture is hampered. Fracture healing is also hampered if the size of the fracture gap is too large. A combination of large movement and large gap bears the risk of non-union. Therefore, having in mind a minimally invasive surgical approach, one should strive for good reduction of the fracture ends and flexible yet stable osteosynthesis. Dynamization of the fracture by enabling axial movement will close the fracture gap, stimulate tissue differentiation and possibly accelerate the healing process. External mechanical stimulation, however, has not been shown to effectively enhance the healing process under flexible fixation or in load-bearing patients.

Animals↗