Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Blacks”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Social support, locus of control, and parenting in three low-income groups of mothers: black teenagers, black adults, and white adults.

Mother's social support, their instrumental use of extended family members and of professionals for help, and their sense of personal control were examined as predictors of parenting skill in 3 groups of low-income women. Separate regression models were generated for black adult mothers, white adult mothers, and black teen mothers, all of whom had at least 1 infant. Black teen and white adult mothers who sought help with child-rearing problems from extended family members were more skillful parents. Among white mothers, use of professionals for help with child-rearing problems and mothers' sense of internal control were also significant predictors. Black adult mothers' parenting skill was predicted only by locus of control. These prediction models suggest that in 2 of the groups, social ties to significant others were the linkages through which child-rearing information flowed to affect parenting behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Minimum competency: a comparison of reactions of southern black high school students, their parents and black teachers.

A questionnaire was administered to 300 black high school students, 77 parents and 79 black teachers to determine their reactions to minimum competency requirements being suggested for high school graduation. Black parents were strongest in their approval of such requirements, followed by black teachers and to a lesser degree by the students. In some areas all were essentially in agreement. Being able to communicate, handle money matters, stay healthy, recognize dishonest merchandising and make simple home repairs were agreed upon as necessary for survival as adults in our society. Minimal and necessary competencies were thus equated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Connecting black holes and black strings.

Static vacuum spacetimes with one compact dimension include black holes with localized horizons but also uniform and nonuniform black strings where the horizon wraps over the compact dimension. We present new numerical solutions for these localized black holes in 5 and 6 dimensions. Combined with previous 6D nonuniform string results, these provide evidence that the black hole and nonuniform string branches join at a topology changing solution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Respiratory health effects of carbon black: a survey of European carbon black workers.

A study population of 3086 employees was identified in 18 carbon black production plants in seven European countries. Respiratory health questionnaires, spirometry, and chest radiographs were used to estimate effects on health and personal monitoring procedures were employed to measure current exposure to inspirable and respirable dust along with sulphur and carbon monoxide. The low concentrations of gaseous contaminants made the generation of their current and cumulative exposure indices impossible. Low responses from some plants restricted the final analysis to 1742 employees in 15 plants (81% response rate) for respiratory symptoms and spirometry, and 1096 chest radiographs from 10 plants (74% response rate). In total, 1298 respirable and 1317 inspirable dust samples, as well as 1301 sulphur dioxide and 1322 carbon monoxide samples were collected. This study is the first to include a comprehensive and concurrent assessment of occupational exposure to carbon black dust and its associated gaseous contaminants. Cough, sputum, and the symptoms of chronic bronchitis were found to be associated with increasing indices of current exposure. Lung function tests also showed small decreases in relation to increasing dust exposure in both smokers and non-smokers. Nearly 25% of the chest radiographs showed small opacities of category 0/1 or greater. These were strongly associated with indices of cumulative dust exposure. The findings are consistent with a non-irritant effect of carbon black dust on the airways combined with dust retention in the lungs. Further cross sectional studies are planned to investigate whether long term exposure to carbon black dust causes damage to the lung parenchyma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Hematoxylin substitutes: fluorone black and methyl fluorone black (9-phenyl- and 9-methyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone) as metachrome iron alum mordant dyes.

The phenyl and methyl trihydroxyfluorones, hitherto used histologically only in the rather difficult and unreliable Turchini technics for discriminating deoxyribonucleic from ribonucleic acid, find a new use as iron mordant metachrome dyes which act as nuclear stains. Nuclear staining is unaffected by acid extraction of nucleic acids, as with hematoxylin lakes. The two dyes, named by Liebermann and Lindenbaum 9-phenyl-2, 3, 7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone, have also acquired (illustrating with the phenyl homolog) longer chemical names of the form 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-phenylisoxanthene-3-one (Eastman). Aldrich and Pfalz-Bauer adhere to the Liebermann-Lindenbaum nomenclature. The trivial name fluorone black is proposed for the phenyl homolog and methyl fluorone black for the methyl homolog. The iron lake of fluorone black appears to be a useful substitute for iron hematoxylin, methyl flurone black less useful. Neither dye has the diverse capability of hematoxylin.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2002

Mixed infection of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) plants with Blackcurrant reversion associated virus and rhabdovirus-like particles with symptoms of black currant reversion disease.

Black currant plants of cvs. Black Smith and Karlstejnský dlouhohrozen showing symptoms of severe Russian (R) form of black currant reversion disease (BCRD) were found in 1999-2000 in the Czech Republic. Five selected plants of both cultivars originating from two distant loci were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for presence of the Blackcurrant reversion associated virus (BRAV), the causal agent of BCRD. In all plants, virus-specific 215 nt cDNA fragments proving the presence of BRAV were obtained. Moreover, in two of those five black currant plants, rhabdovirus-like particles were found in ultrathin sections by electron microscopical examinations. The particles measured 200-347 nm by 64-90 nm. They occurred mostly within nuclei of parenchyma cells of vascular bundles as single particles, rafts of particles, but also in aggregates. They were found also in the perinuclear space and occasionally directly in the cytoplasm. Clusters of particles either within the nucleus or in the perinuclear space were membrane-bound. We bring evidence on the occurrence of the severe (R) form of BCRD and the first evidence of BRAV in the Czech Republic.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed2005

Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic features of black men vs. black women with systolic heart failure.

PURPOSE: We sought to determine whether significant differences exist in clinical characteristics and echocardiographic features between black men and black women who presented to an outpatient heart failure clinic. METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of 114 consecutive patients with systolic dysfunction who presented to a heart failure clinic in Brooklyn from 1999--2003 was performed. The first echocardiogram within six months of presentation to the clinic was used for analysis. The clinical characteristics included are: age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes status. A significance level of <0.05 was used throughout. SUMMARY: Based on the analysis of 108 black men and women, overall, men have a significantly larger left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) compared to women (p<0.006). Younger men (7.17 cm) had a larger LVEDD compared to older men (6.37 cm) and both younger and older women (6.22 cm and 6.40 cm, respectively). This difference in LVEDD between the sexes decreased with aging. Men (22.17) had a lower ejection fraction (EF) than women (25.37). No significant differences were noted in the BMI (30.45 for men and 28.60 for women) and the albumin level (3.59 for men and 3.44 for women) between the sexes. However, the younger age group (particularly younger men) had a higher BMI than the older age group (p=0.008).

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of isoniazid phenotyping of black and white patients with emphasis on South African blacks.

Black tuberculosis patients from South Africa (S. A.) as well as from Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A., showed a higher percentage of fast inactivators of isoniazid (INH) than that found in the North American white population, simultaneously sampled. In S. A. blacks, the frequency of fast inactivation was 57.9--59.6%, while in American blacks of Birmingham it amounted to 60.3%; in comparison to the above groups the rate of fast acetylators in Canadian Caucasians was 41.9% and in the USA white population 41.0%. For phenotyping of isoniazid inactivators a urine test was used. In this method the concentrations of INH (including isoniazidhydrazones) as well as acetylisoniazid were determined in the specimens collected 6--8 hrs following a test dose of 10 mg/kg INH.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

A cephalometric comparison of black open-bite subjects and black normals.

Orthodontic surveys of the adolescent and adult population of the United States have shown that the incidence of anterior open bite is three to four times higher in blacks than in whites. A cephalometric comparison of black subjects with and without an open bite was used to identify skeletal and dental differences between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were found in the vertical skeletal dimensions and incisor proclination. The open-bite group had a significantly longer anterior lower facial height and total facial height. The mandibular plane was rotated down relative to the cranial base and Frankfort plane and gonial angle was increased in the open-bite sample. There were small differences between the open bite and non-open-bite groups in the cranial base angle and the overbite depth indicator of Kim. No significant differences were found in the skeletal anteroposterior dimensions or dental vertical development. The vertical skeletal pattern and the greater degree of dental proclination differentiated black patients with an anterior open bite from those without.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Lithogenic risk factors in normal black volunteers, and black and white recurrent stone formers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare lithogenic risk factors in normal black volunteer men (BN), male black stone formers (BSF) and male white recurrent stone formers (WSF); in addition, the differential diagnoses in the stone formers were compared to determine if the causes of renal stones differed in the two groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 22 BN, 22 consecutive BSF and 122 consecutive WSF seen over a 10-year period. Each subject was assessed by a thorough medical history, dietary analysis and a full serum and urinary biochemical evaluation. RESULTS: Although the WSF were significantly more overweight (P<0.001) and obese (P<0.001) than the BSF, neither group had values significantly different from those of their respective normal populations. There was no significant difference in serum levels of Ca, phosphorus, ionised Ca, calcitriol and alkaline phosphatase in BSF and WSF, but levels of parathyroid hormone tended to be (P<0.1) and calcitriol was significantly higher in BSF than WSF (P<0.03). The BSF urinary excretion levels tended to be more like that of the WSF, with the following pattern present; BN<BSF<WSF, except for citrate, where BSF< BN<WSF. No dietary or metabolic abnormality was found in 9% of BSF and 5% of WSF. Pure dietary lithogenic risk factors were present in 9% of BSF and 21% of WSF. The prevalence of metabolic risk factors was similar in the two groups but the distribution differed. Renal hypercalciuria, absorptive hypercalciuria and mild metabolic hyperoxaluria were 2.5-3 times more prevalent in the WSF. CONCLUSION: Although the urine of BSF tends to be more like that of WSF, the lithogenic risk factors present differed and were less severe. The increase in urinary calcium excretion, coupled with a lower citrate excretion, may be the most important reason for stone formation in the black population. An increased protein intake may also play a role. In this small group of BSF there was no family history of urolithiasis, supporting the view that there may be a more prominent genetic influence in WSF.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Retirement intentions among black professionals: implications for practice with older black adults.

This study examined the preretirement intentions of black professionals. The sample consisted of 234 blacks and was stratified by gender, age, and professional status. Based on a model developed for predicting the retirement intentions and attitudes of a sample of white professionals, six categories of independent variables (sociocultural, work history, alienation, leisure and social activities, financial planning, and plans for retirement life) were included in the analysis. Professionals who were highly committed to their work, had few financial investments, and socialized primarily with co-workers tended to avoid planning for retirement. These results have important implications for practitioners concerned with more effectively meeting the preretirement and retirement needs of older black adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The reduction of black infant mortality: an eighteen month evaluation of three Tennessee Black Health Care Task Forces' demonstration projects.

The problem of low birth weight has emerged as the single most important cause of infant death or subsequent handicaps in infancy and childhood. Although low birth weight babies (below 5.5 pounds) represent a small percentage of all babies born, well over half of all infant deaths occur among this group. The problem is even more serious for tiny infants. The relationship between infant mortality/morbidity and low birth weight has been known for many years and despite dramatic overall changes and medical advances, the incidence of low birth weight among high-risk populations continues to be a perennial problem. Efforts have been made nationally to develop programs that identify the conditions which increase the risk of having a low birth weight infant; programs that seek to reduce the risk of low birth weight; and research on new approaches to prevent premature labor as well as promoting the normal growth and development of a fetus. Since 1987, the Black Health Care Task Force, established by the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment has funded three infant mortality reduction pilot projects (Alton Park/Dodson Avenue Health Care in Hamilton County, Memphis Health Center and, Memphis-Shelby County Health Department) that operated in the two Tennessee counties where the Black infant mortality rates were extremely high. The projects goals were (1) to improve birth weight and survival rates of black infants born to indigent and Medicaid women; (2) to reduce maternal morbidity among indigent and Medicaid women; (3) to enhance the participation of indigent and Medicaid maternity clients in the appropriate and timely prenatal intrapartum and postpartum services; (4) to reduce the incidence of unplanned pregnancies among adolescents; and (5) to increase the utilization of family planning services by indigent and Medicaid women. Data will be reported and analyzed to assess whether or not the projects had a positive effect on birth outcome and a subsequent reduction in infant mortality. The data for this analysis is based on enrollment data provided by the projects, and linked birth and infant death certificates for project and nonproject comparisons, as retrieved from the Department of Health and Environment's Vital Records.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Black leaders' perceptions of the year 2000 public health goals for black Americans.

We surveyed 1196 Black health and political leaders on their perceptions about the US Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2000 public health goals. Respondents identified reducing the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, improving maternal and infant health, and controlling sexually transmitted diseases as the three most important public health goals for Black Americans that are amenable to intervention. The leaders assigned nearly all responsibility for prevention efforts to the federal government and the individual. With the American health care system now in flux, Black leaders need to organize to see that these priority issues are addressed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1994

The role of the black church in working with black adolescents.

Six hundred and thirty-five Northern black churches were surveyed regarding the offering of youth support programs. Of these, 176 reported having at least one program directed at adolescent nonmembers of the church, primarily from low-income homes. The most common programs consisted of Christian fellowships, ministry, counseling, group discussions, rap sessions, seminars, and workshops. Sports activities were second in frequency. Least common were AIDS and youth health-related services. It appears the greatest interest in youth programs are in churches that are Methodist, older, middle-class, large in membership, owned or mortgaged, and with more paid clergy and staff. Characteristics of youth-oriented pastors are discussed. Generally, it was found that some of the most prominent issues facing black adolescents are not being adequately addressed by black churches. Suggestions for improving this situation are made as well as citations of promising programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Phospholipid black foam films: dynamic contact angles and gas permeability of DMPC+DMPG black films.

The behavior of black foam films from aqueous dispersions of dimyristoylphosphatidyl-choline (DMPC) with addition of the soluble phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) has been studied in dynamic conditions. The dynamic contact angles theta and the gas permeability coefficient K have been measured using the diminishing bubble method. The DMPC vesicle suspension in water is obtained through sonication and DMPG is dissolved in it. Two solutions with different NaCl concentrations (0.1 M and 0.5 M) have been studied. The behavior of the dynamic contact angles is very different for DMPC black films with, and without DMPG, respectively. They follow very different time dependence during spontaneous or forced variations of the bubble size. The gas permeability coefficient is significantly reduced by the DMPG addition. The NaCl concentration also influences this specific behavior. It seems that the electrically charged DMPG anions, which determine a significant electrostatic disjoining pressure, play an important role for this specific behavior. The results are discussed in connection with data regarding the thickness and structure of these black foam films. Films from DMPC+DMPG solutions in ethanol plus water mixed solvent have been studied as well, but no quantitative results could be obtained.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1984

[Visual evoked potentials (VEP's) obtained by black and white or red and black checkerboard inversion. Results in healthy subjects and in multilocular sclerosis patients].

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were elicited in a control group and in 125 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients by reversal of TV black and white checkerboard patterns with two different check sizes and contrasts (44'/contrast 50%; 22'/contrast 20%), and also by a display of red light emitting diodes (LEDs) generating a 'true' pattern reversal. In control subjects LED pattern reversal produced responses of lower amplitude and of longer latency compared to responses to TV black and white checkerboards. The interindividual variability of P100 latency was lower with the LED display than with the low contrasted TV pattern. In 18 patients with definite or suspected MS, VEPs were normal with the two TV patterns when delayed or absent with the LED display. Thus LED pattern reversal was a more effective stimulus than black and white pattern reversal for the detection of demyelinating lesions of the optic nerves in MS. LED stimulation proved to be particularly useful in patients with progressive spastic paraparesis or with previous history of isolated optic neuritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Black Sea TeleDiab: diabetes computer system with communication technology for Black Sea region.

BlackSea TeleDiab (BSTD) is a multidisciplinary research project whose aim is to promote the exchange of healthcare information between clinicians and scientists in countries of the Black Sea area to provide a means by which the care of patients with diabetes may be enhanced. The project is built on an existing organizational framework provided by the WHO Diabcare Quality Network (Q-Net) and the Black Sea Diab Action Project. The aim is to develop a standardized software package (in the national languages of the CCE/NIS Black Sea partners) for the storage and transfer of medical information and healthcare data between participating institutions. It will utilize a standard format for medical records based on the Good European Health Record (GEHR), a project within the Advanced Informatics in Medicine (AIM) program, which aims to develop and propagate a common architecture for computerized health records across Europe that can be used across clinical domains, countries, and computer systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

Respiratory health effects from exposure to carbon black: results of the phase 2 and 3 cross sectional studies in the European carbon black manufacturing industry.

OBJECTIVES: To assess respiratory morbidity over several cross sectional phases in the European carbon black manufacturing industry. METHODS: Participants completed an amended (and translated) MRC respiratory morbidity questionnaire with additional questions on previous exposures, job history, etc, and spirometry traces in each phase. Concurrent with the health outcome measures, personal exposure to inhalable dust was measured. RESULTS: Percentage participation rose from 90% in phase 2 (19 factories) to 95% in phase 3 (16 factories). Exposure dropped slightly between the 2 and 3 phases; as did the prevalence of reporting symptoms. Percentage of predicted lung function volumes exceeded 100% for forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity (FVC), whereas forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF(25%-75%)) and FEV(1)/FVC ratio were below 100% in both phases. The multiple linear and logistic regressions showed that carbon black had a significant effect on lung function and on most respiratory symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both current and cumulative exposure to carbon black have a deleterious effect on respiratory morbidity. Due to the drop in exposure between phases 2 and 3, recent exposures seem to have less of an impact on the respiratory morbidity in the workers in phase 3 than those in phase 2.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗