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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Abdominal sacrocolpopexy for vault prolapse without burial of mesh: a case series.

OBJECTIVES: To audit the clinical outcome of abdominal vault suspension (sacrocolpopexy, hysteropexy or cervicopexy) using non-absorbable mesh, without burial by closure of the peritoneum. DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: Urogynaecology units of four hospitals. POPULATION: One hundred and twenty-eight women having open or laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (121), hysteropexy (6) or cervicopexy (1) using non-absorbable mesh for vault prolapse. METHODS: Patients had suspension of the vault, uterus or cervix from the sacral promontory using a monofilament polypropylene mesh. The pelvic peritoneum was not closed over the mesh. Patients were followed up every six months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of bowel complications as a consequence of the mesh; cure rate of prolapse and incidence of other post-operative complications; rate of re-operation for prolapse or incontinence. RESULT: After a median follow up of 19 months (1.5-62), there were no bowel complications as a result of non-burial of mesh. Three patients had asymptomatic vaginal mesh erosion, which required minor surgical intervention. Ninety percent of patients had good resolution of their prolapse symptoms while 10% of patients required further surgery. CONCLUSION: Leaving the mesh uncovered by the pelvic peritoneum was not associated with complications. It appears safe to perform vault suspension without closing the peritoneum.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The effects of temperature on the burial performance and axial motor pattern of the sand-swimming of the Mojave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia.

Although lateral axial bending is widespread for the locomotion of ectothermic vertebrates, the axial motor patterns of terrestrial taxa are known only for a limited number of species and behaviors. Furthermore, the extent to which the trunk and tail of ectothermic tetrapods have similar motor patterns is poorly documented. We therefore recorded the activity of the epaxial muscles in the trunk and tail of sand-swimming Mojave fringe-toed lizards (Uma scoparia) to determine whether this specialized behavior has features of the motor pattern that differ from those of diverse ectothermic vertebrates. Muscle activity during initial sand-swimming was a standing-wave pattern in the trunk and tail. Next, the hind limbs moved alternately and the caudofemoralis muscles and nearby axial muscle in the trunk and tail had similar long-duration electromyographic bursts, whereas the anterior trunk had shorter, more frequent electromyographic bursts. The final tail burial involved a traveling wave of posteriorly propagated axial muscle activity within localized regions of the tail. With increased temperature (from 22 to 40 degrees C), the mean frequencies of axial oscillations increased from approximately 7 to 21 Hz, and the greatest value (33 Hz) was nearly twice the maximal limb cycling frequency during running. The mean burial time at the lowest temperature (3.8 s) was nearly twice that for a 10 degrees C higher temperature. For the axial electromyograms, a decrease in temperature of 18 degrees C more than doubled the electromyographic and cycle durations, whereas the duty factors and intersegmental phase lags changed only slightly with temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

New information about Seishu Hanaoka's family tree according to the burial records of Jizoji Temple.

Since Shuzo Kure published his voluminous monograph entitled "Seishu Hanaoka and His Surgery" in 1923, the biography of Hanaoka has been widely studied and two monographs were published in 1964 and 1973 to describe in detail the life and activities of Hanaoka. In spite of these historical studies, for more than seventy years several important persons have been unclarified in the pedigree of the Hanaokas. Recently the author made a repeated survey of two volumes of the burial records of Jizoji temple of Naka town, Wakayama Prefecture. The temple had been the family temple of the Hanaokas during Seishu Hanaoka's lifetime. About one hundred and eight posthumous names, given names, and death dates of the Hanaokas were found in the records, which can be classified into several branches. The most important findings are: 1) the given and posthumous name and death date of Seishu's younger sister (Otane) was identified and another younger sister's posthumous name and death date were guessed with a strong probability; 2) Seishu's third son's death date was identified and the given and necromancy name and, death date of Seishu's third daughter were made clear. In addition, several important findings on Seishu's ancestors are presumed from this investigation of the burial records. These new findings are very useful to understand the background of Hanaoka's study on "Mafutsu-to" and his biography.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

A report of decomposition rates of a special burial type in Edmonton, Alberta from an experimental field study.

Regional studies that examine decomposition rates of certain faunal remains can help to determine time since death. Forensic anthropologists have long used qualitative decomposition data, but linking these to more quantitative data could improve time since death estimations. Experiments were developed in which domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) were buried with varying characteristics then excavated and observed over a period of 15 months in Edmonton, Alberta. Data recorded after two weeks, five weeks, three months, one year, and 15 months were correlated with stages of decomposition as well as time since death, climate data, grave type, clothing, burial depth, and other factors. Results from these experiments provide useful regional information about stages of decomposition in a burial context. Pigs buried in June were skeletonized by approximately three to five weeks, while those buried in May were skeletonized between five weeks and three months. Climate data, insects, and grave type contributed the most to advanced decomposition, mainly in the form of mummification, and skeletonization.

Alberta↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Methods in age determination in human skeletons exemplified by inhumation and cremation burials of the Hallstatt period].

Discussed were the usual methods presently applied in anthropology for determining a person's age at death by means of specific characteristics of the human skeleton. The inhumation and cremation burials from two tumulus cemeteries of the Hallstatt period (750-500 BC), Dietfurt and Schirndorf, which are both located in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, were used as illustrations. In the case of the skeleton of an adult a combined method of age-determination, which took the following four factors into account, proved to be effective: 1. the stage of closure of the endocranial suture, 2. changes in the symphyseal surface of the pubis, 3. and 4. changes in the structure of the spongiosa of the proximal humerus epiphysis and femur epiphysis. In addition the degree of abrasion of the teeth can be taken into account. In the case of skeletons of non-adults, teeth cutting and the epiphyseal fusion should be paid particular attention to. Using the described methods, the following data relating to age-structure for the inhumation burials of both Hallstatt cemeteries could be attained. The death-apex was reached in the adult age-class. The average life-expectancy of both men and women in Dietfurt and Schirndorf was approximately 31-32 years. The average life-expectancy at the time of birth was 32.3 years in Dietfurt and 26.9 years in Schirndorf. The varying results are due to the fact that more children of the age-classes infants I and infants II could be proved for the Schirndorf cemetery.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1997

Twenty-five thousand-year-old triple burial from Dolní Vĕstonice: an ice-age family?

In 1986 a paleolithic triple burial was discovered near Dolní Vĕstonice (Czech Republic). The occurrence of anatomic variants in all three skeletons gave rise to speculations that the buried individuals may have been closely related. To test this hypothesis the skeletons were submitted to a systematic kinship analysis based on odontologic and other non-metric traits. Statistical tests showed that the coincident occurrence of several rare traits in the individuals is highly unlikely to occur at random. This and further data included in the analysis therefore suggest that the three individuals buried together were genetically related and actually belonged to one family.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Molecular genetic analysis of 400-year-old human remains found in two Yakut burial sites.

The excavation of five frozen graves at the Sytygane Syhe and Istekh-Myrane burial sites (dated at 400 years old) in central Yakutia revealed five human skeletons belonging to the Yakut population. To investigate the origin and evolution of the Yakut population as well as the kinship system between individuals buried in these two sites, DNA was extracted from bone samples and analyzed by autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) and by sequencing hypervariable region I (HV1) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. The results showed a diversity of sepulchral organizations linked probably to the social or genetic background of the subjects. Comparison of STR profiles, mitochondrial haplotypes, and haplogroups with data from Eurasian populations indicated affinities with Asian populations and suggested a relative specificity and continuity of part of the Yakut mitochondrial gene pool during the last five centuries. Moreover, our results did not support a Central Asian (with the exception of maternal lineage of West Eurasian origin) or Siberian origin of the maternal lineages of these ancient Yakut subjects, implying an ethnogenesis of the Yakut population probably more complex than previously proposed.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1983

Recognition of historic influenza epidemics from parish burial records: a test of prediction from a new hypothesis of influenzal epidemiology.

On the current conception of the epidemiology of epidemic influenza, as caused by a mechanism of direct spread of the virus from the sick, epidemics must have travelled much more slowly in former times than at present. In contrast, a new hypothesis involving virus latency with seasonal reactivation predicts that in previous centuries influenza epidemics would have spread across the country at much the same speed as in the twentieth century. The study of burial registers in Gloucestershire parishes reported in this paper shows that lethal influenza epidemics at least as early as the sixteenth century can be recognized and dated as at present by the characteristic brief but large excess mortality that they cause. Examples are given showing that the character of the excess mortality caused by lethal influenza has not changed significantly over the centuries, a finding that supports the prediction of the new hypothesis but would not be expected on the current conception of influenzal epidemiology. In each century, influenzal excess mortalities in Gloucestershire parishes coincided with the date of the relevant influenza epidemic as recorded from widely different parts of Britain, thus further supporting the prediction of the new hypothesis as against current conceptions.

Burial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in cause of death determination due to the new Baden-Wurttemberg burial regulation].

In the Burial Ordinance of the State of Baden-Württemberg taking effect on 1 November 2000 some aspects of the post-mortem examination have been revised. One of these revisions concerns the determination of the manner of death: In addition to the alternatives available so far ("natural death" and "clues to unnatural death") there is now the option to classify the death as "unclear"; in this case the physician is obliged to inform the local police without delay. The emergency doctors working in the ambulance service may restrict themselves to the determination of death; if there are grounds suggesting an unnatural death, the emergency doctor has to inform the ambulance control station immediately, which will then inform the police. Another new regulation is that the post-mortem examination has to be performed at the place of death or the place where the body was found. Moreover the Ordinance standardizes the obligation to perform a "thorough" examination on the undressed body under adequate light conditions. If there are clues pointing to an unnatural death or if the body is unidentified no changes must be made, in particular the body must not be undressed. The new legal situation is described and discussed with regard to its practical implications related to the determination of death.

Autopsy↗
PubMed2004

[Cerebral death: from the fear of premature burial to the myth of the living donor].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the historical evolution of the clinical concept "brain death", and discuss the concepts: whole-brain death and brainstem death in clinical perspective. BACKGROUND: Taphophobia means the fear of premature burial. Its modern equivalent is the fear of organs harvested from a still living patient. The debate remains concerning the advantages and disadvantages of whole-brain death and brainstem death concepts. METHODS: We have made a Pubmed-medline and Google search and identified published articles dealing with brain death, brainstem death, whole-brain death, death diagnosis, concept and definition. RESULTS: From the classical cardio-respiratory concept, it was a long way to emerge the centralist brain concept. Brain Death is a technical, ethical and legal concept, it appears: 1. For economic reasons and shortage of technical resources, to remove futile care in patients already death. 2. To permit the provision of organs to transplantation. The clinical criteria demonstrating irreversibility are identical for both, whole-brain death and brainstem death. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of brain death appears by technical need, when we have technological substitutions of other organs. Neurological criteria for determination of brain death are well settled, rigorous and reliable. Brainstem death and whole-brain death are both legal and philosophical concepts, without any difference in technical execution.

Brain Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The complex forensic medical study of the bony remains from a burial long ago].

A complex of methods of forensic medical expert evaluation of bone rudiments, including identification osteological, spectral, histological, and biological studies, files of historical archives, archaeological and soil science data, helped tentatively determine the time of burial and assess the individual features of subjects buried at the territory of an ancient orthodox monastery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Molecular genetic characteristics of the neolithic population of the Baikal region: RFLP analysis of the ancient mitochondrial DNA from osseous remains found in the Ust-Ida I burial ground].

Nineteen mtDNA samples from osseous remains found in the Ust-Ida I burial ground (middle Angara River) were analyzed. An ancient population dated back to 4020-3210 B.C. by radiocarbon (14C) analysis and archeologically assigned to the Neolithic Isakovo culture of the Baikal region was described in terms of molecular genetics. Data on restriction-site polymorphisms in fragment 16,106-16,545 of the mtDNA D-loop were obtained for seven restriction endonucleases. On the basis of these data, the mitotypic structure and nucleotide diversity of the ancient population were determined. The molecular genetic characteristics of the Neolithic population were compared to the modern populations of Siberia, Mongolia, and Urals. The data obtained indicate that the studied Baikal Neolithic population was ancestral for the modern indigenous Siberian population. The time of divergence of the three regional populations (5572 years ago) was estimated from the genetic distances between the Neolithic and modern Siberian populations, assuming that the average rate of nucleotide substitution was constant. This estimation agrees with the results of the radiocarbon dating (5542-5652 years ago). The fact that the studied samples were 14C-dated allowed the rate of nucleotide substitution in the studied region of mtDNA D-loop to be directly determined.

Ancient Lands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The participation of Yekaterinburg forensic medical experts in the expert assessment of the remains from a burial site near the village of Koptiaki].

Enumerates grounds for experts evaluation carried out by Bureau of Forensic Medical Expert Evaluation of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Sverdlovsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expert Evaluation, lists the expert team members, and enumerates the methods of preparing the objects of expert evaluation (bone remains). Presents the results of assessing the date of burial, enumerates signs of exposure to thermal and chemical factors on the bones, and notes a callus on one skull.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The medical anthropological study of the bone remains from the Yekaterinburg burial].

Results of medical anthropological expert studies of bone remains of Emperor Nicholas II, his family members, and persons in their attendance are presented. Craniological (including computer photoblending), odontological, osteometric, and spectral methods were sued. Numerous photographs, Imperial Family clothes from museums, soil specimens from Tsarskoe Selo and place of burial were used. Expert studies confirmed previous conclusions on personal identification of skeletons as Nicholas II and four Imperial Family members. Additional proofs of identification of skeleton No. 6 as Great Princess Anastasia Nikolaevna are presented. No remains which could be identified as Cesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich and Great Princess Maria Nikolaevna were found. The so-called "adolescent teeth" are upper teeth of a subject aged 17-18. Rare odontoglyphic characteristics of these teeth permit referring them only to skull No. 6 (Great Princess Anastasia Nikolaevna) but not to an adolescent, specifically, to Cesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Forensic dental expertise on the maxillodental system of the remains of 9 persons from the Yekaterinburg burial].

Contribution of forensic dentistry to personality identification of unknown corpses at different stages of postmortem degradation is analyzed. Based on personality identification of bone remains of 9 subjects from Ekaterinburg burial, the authors demonstrate forensic stomatological studies of maxillodental system of skulls which were preserved, discuss the efficacy, reliability, and scientific validity of results.

Burial↗
PubMed1982

Osteology of a slave burial population from Barbados, West Indies.

A unique seventeenth-nineteenth century slave cemetery population from Newton plantation, Barbados, allows examination of craniodental characters in relation to ethnohistorical data. Age-at-death estimates suggest life expectancy at birth of 29 years and low infant mortality; historical demography, however, suggests life expectancy of 20 years and very high infant mortality. Tooth decay, bilateral tooth loss, periodontal disease, root hypercementosis, and severe enamel hypoplasia are high in frequency. The teeth yield evidence of such cultural practices as pipe-smoking and incisor mutilation. Several skeletal features reflect periodic near-starvation. Directional and fluctuating dental asymmetry, relative tooth size, and hypoplasia distribution suggest slaves experienced considerable weaning trauma; metabolic stress at this time exceeded that of prenatal and immediate postnatal periods. Odontometrics and dental and cranial nonmetric traits indicate that modern Blacks are intermediate between the ancestral slaves and modern Whites but more similar to the latter, suggesting effects of environmental covariance exceed those of genetic admixture. Nonmetric trait distributions show nonrandom patterns according to area of burial in the cemetery, a possible result of family segregation.

Adolescent↗