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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Interactive gaming during inhalational induction of anesthesia reduces pediatric patient anxiety and improves induction compliance: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anxiety affects up to 75% of pediatric surgical patients and is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes. Traditional anxiolytic strategies with premedication carry drawbacks including delayed recovery and paradoxical reactions, driving interest in non-pharmacologic alternatives. Audiovisual distraction represents one approach, encompassing passive methods (e.g. watching a video) and active modalities (e.g. interactive gaming). The Bedside Entertainment and Relaxation Theater (BERT) is a projection-based environment that enables audiovisual distraction during induction. Whether BERT-based interactive gaming reduces anxiety and improves induction compliance compared to standard perioperative care remains unknown. METHODS: This single-center RCT enrolled 74 pediatric patients aged 4 to 14 undergoing inhalational induction, randomized to standard care (SOC) or interactive gaming via BERT added to SOC during induction (BERT). The primary outcome was change in patient anxiety from baseline to induction, measured using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS). Secondary outcomes included caregiver anxiety, induction compliance, OR efficiency, opioid administration, and OR staff perceptions. RESULTS: Patients in the BERT group experienced significantly smaller increases in anxiety from baseline to induction than SOC (median mYPAS increase [IQR]: 0 [0 to 0] vs 10 [0 to 38], p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). Induction compliance improved, with lower Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC) scores indicating fewer induction-related disruptive behaviors than SOC (median: 0 vs 1, shift -1 [95% CI: -2 to 0]; p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.004). Caregiver anxiety increased less in the BERT group than SOC (mean STAI increase: 0.18 vs 1.89, difference&#xa0;-&#xa0;1.7, [95% CI: -3.2 to -0.26]; p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.022). OR staff reported high acceptability, with 97% supporting continued use. No differences were observed in OR efficiency or opioid administration between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Interactive gaming via BERT attenuated increases in patient anxiety, improved induction compliance, and reduced the rise in caregiver anxiety without prolonging OR time. These findings support BERT as an effective, workflow-compatible anxiolytic strategy for pediatric inhalational induction.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

PharaCon: a new framework for identifying bacteriophages via conditional representation learning.

MOTIVATION: Identifying bacteriophages (phages) within metagenomic sequences is essential for understanding microbial community dynamics. Transformer-based foundation models have been successfully employed to address various biological challenges. However, these models are typically pre-trained with self-supervised tasks that do not consider label variance in the pre-training data. This presents a challenge for phage identification as pre-training on mixed bacterial and phage data may lead to information bias due to the imbalance between bacterial and phage samples. RESULTS: To overcome this limitation, we proposed a novel conditional BERT framework that incorporates label classes as special tokens during pre-training. Specifically, our conditional BERT model attaches labels directly during tokenization, introducing label constraints into the model's input. Additionally, we introduced a new fine-tuning scheme that enables the conditional BERT to be effectively utilized for classification tasks. This framework allows the BERT model to acquire label-specific contextual representations from mixed sequence data during pre-training and applies the conditional BERT as a classifier during fine-tuning, and we named the fine-tuned model as PharaCon. We evaluated PharaCon against several existing methods on both simulated sequence datasets and real metagenomic contig datasets. The results demonstrate PharaCon's effectiveness and efficiency in phage identification, highlighting the advantages of incorporating label information during both pre-training and fine-tuning. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The source code and associated data can be accessed at https://github.com/Celestial-Bai/PharaCon.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed2002

Assessment of the physical properties of endoscopic retrieval systems.

BACKGROUND: A reliable method of retrieval of laparoscopically resected organs is required. The physical properties of three commercial systems available for clinical use (two plastic, one woven fabric) were examined. METHODS: Pig abdominal walls and gallbladders containing steel balls to represent gallstones were used to simulate organ retrieval on 60 occasions. The performance of retrieval bags was measured in terms of the temporal profile of pressure developed inside the bag, the force on the bag during withdrawal, and whether or not the bag could be retrieved intact. The force versus elongation relationship was also determined for each bag. RESULTS: Although there was a wide range of maximum pressures recorded (14-320 mmHg) with each retrieval system, the mean pressures in the plastic systems were significantly higher. The forces recorded during attempted withdrawal of both plastic bags were significantly lower than those with the fabric system (BERT bag: mean (range) 87 (25-165) N; Endocatch: 40 (7-123) N; Endopouch: 40 (14-68) N; P = 0.005 Endocatch versus BERT, P = 0.004 Endopouch versus BERT). The BERT bags tore more easily at the site of the grasper. CONCLUSION: Plastic retrieval systems were less likely to burst than fabric systems when subjected to simulated retrieval, and required less force for withdrawal. Plastic systems may therefore be associated with less tumour seeding or gallstone spillage as a consequence of bag disruption.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Child analysis with a severely disturbed adopted child.

Much of this paper focuses on the psychoanalysis of Bert, a severely disturbed 9-year-old adopted boy. Constitutional factors, parents' personalities and parenting styles, and libidinal and aggressive zonal fixations all played a role in determining Bert's problems. Besides the normal developmental challenges, the adoptive child faces the unique developmental task of becoming the true adoptive child of true adoptive parents. Bert's case shows how this process can be facilitated in psychoanalytic treatment. After a brief introduction to the psychological implications of adoption at various stages of development, the paper elaborates on how and why Bert first came for treatment and describes three phases in the treatment, the first session, the period of transference developments, and the termination phase. The final section outlines special treatment issues and the implications for the psychoanalytic treatment of an adopted child.

Adoption↗
PubMed2001

Communicating radiation exposure: a simple approach.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide a general method to help explain radiation exposure to patients presenting for nuclear medicine procedures. The concept is to convert the effective dose from any nuclear medicine procedure to the equivalent time in months or years to obtain the same effective dose from background radiation. METHODS: The effective dose of each common diagnostic nuclear medicine procedure was obtained from the literature and the corresponding background equivalent radiation time (BERT) was calculated assuming an average background radiation of 3 mSv/y. RESULTS: A table of the BERT has been compiled for common nuclear medicine procedures. CONCLUSION: The BERT table provides a simple approach to help physicians and technologists effectively communicate radiation exposure information and perhaps potential radiation risk.

Background Radiation↗