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PubMed1981

[Autogenic training and ECG. Apropos of a clinical case].

A case of tachycardia in an infarctophobic subject treated with autogenous training which completely cleared up the condition over one year is reported. The patient had been subject to attacks of tachycardia lasting for more than 15' for more than 10 years and was recalcitrant to all pharmacological therapy. Schultz' standard autogenous training produced a marked improvement in the ECG, with different behaviour of the ST segment and the QX/QT ratio under the same conditions of heart frequency and arterial pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Autogenic training in hypertensive dysregulation after aortocoronary venous bypass operation of coronary heart disease].

The authors report on the influence of autogenous training on blood pressure at rest and under stress conditions in patients with coronary heart disease following coronary bypass operation. We investigated the influence of autogenous training on the microcirculation and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) as well. The results showed a significant decrease in blood pressure at rest and also an increase of muscle circulation F and of LVEF.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Development of Autogenic Training Clinical Effectiveness Scale (ATCES)].

The purpose of the present study was to develop a scale measuring clinical effectiveness of autogenic training. In Study 1, 167 undergraduates completed a survey of items concerning physical and mental states, which were thought to vary in the course of autogenic training. With item and factor analyses, 20 items were selected, and the resulting scale (ATCES) had high discrimination and clear factor structure. In Study 2, reliability and concurrent and clinical validity of the scale were examined with three groups of respondents: 85 mentally healthy, 31 control, 13 clinical persons. The scale showed a high test-retest correlation (r = .83) and alpha coefficient (alpha = .86). ATCES had a Pearson correlation coefficient of r = .56 with General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and r = .73 with trait anxiety (STAI-T). And ATCES successfully discriminated the mentally healthy and clinical groups in terms of clinical effectiveness. These results demonstrated high reliability and sufficient concurrent and clinical validity of the new scale.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of supportive autogenic training in multiple morbidity in geriatric psychiatry patients].

23 multimorbid, geronto-psychiatric patients, aged 60 years or older, participated in a "supportive" course of autogenic training according to Schultz. Participating in the course an average of 7 +/- 3 weeks, 17 (76%) of the subjects were able to learn the training. In general, subjects reported a better general condition after the training sessions, measured with visual analogue scales (p < 0.001). The psychopathological status improved significantly during the time of the course (BPRS: p < 0.001; GDS: p < 0.001). No significant change was found in the cognitive state (MMSE) and the statements on the "list of complaints" ("Beschwerdenliste"). The global training success was better in the psychopathological less affected than in the more severely ill (BPRS prior r = 0.64, p = 0.001, GDS prior r = 0.46, p < 0.05). No correlation was found between training success and age, number of somatic diseases, number of medication, MMSE and the "Beschwerdenliste". Autogenic training is a useful component in psychotherapeutic and psychiatric therapy for elderly multimorbid in- and outpatients. A half-open group, two therapy sessions per week, reciting the training formulae aloud, a structured, simple setting and co-therapists proved to be worthwhile.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Autogenic training within the therapeutic scope of schizophrenic patients].

The author calls the reader's attention to the rather strange fact that autogenic training, in spite of worldwide recognition and extensive uses of the method in various disciplines of medicine and spheres of live, has not so far been finding wide application in the medical specialty dealing with mental disorders. After discussing some possible causes of this situation and commenting on first signs of a necessary change in attitude toward autogenic training, he reports his own experience in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with this psychotherapeutic method, emphasizing the need for including psychotherapy in a complex concept of the treatment of psychoses.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Autogenic training: a meta-analysis of clinical outcome studies.

Autogenic training (AT) is a self-relaxation procedure by which a psychophysiological determined relaxation response is elicited. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of AT. Seventy-three controlled outcome studies were found (published 1952-99). Sixty studies (35 randomized controlled trials [RCT]) qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Medium-to-large effect sizes (ES) occurred for pre-post comparisons of disease-specific AT-effects, with the RCTs showing larger ES. When AT was compared to real control conditions, medium ES were found. Comparisons of AT versus other psychological treatment mostly resulted in no effects or small negative ES. This pattern of results was stable at follow-up. Unspecific AT-effects (i.e., effects on mood, cognitive performance, quality of life, and physiological variables) tended to be even larger than main effects. Separate meta-analyses for different disorders revealed a significant reduction of the heterogeneity of ES. Positive effects (medium range) of AT and of AT versus control in the meta-analysis of at least 3 studies were found for tension headache/migraine, mild-to-moderate essential hypertension, coronary heart disease, asthma bronchiale, somatoform pain disorder (unspecified type), Raynaud's disease, anxiety disorders, mild-to-moderate depression/dysthymia, and functional sleep disorders.

Affect↗
PubMed1975

[Studies of the circulation in patients with essential hypertension during the 1st and 2nd standard exercises of autogenic training].

A group of ten hypertensive patients were examined as to their circulation at rest, before, and during, the first and second standard exercises of autogenic training. During the exercise there was a significant reduction in cardiac time volume. The expected simultaneous decrease in the total peripheral resistance could not be demonstrated by our methods. Its apparent rise is interpreted as a result of its dependence on the heart beat volume, but can also be understood as an abnormal reaction of a pathological functional state. To clarify this further it would be necessary to establish an isolated determination of that circulatory parameter. It could be shown that the minute-volume component of hypertension can be affected by autogenous training.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Longitudinal study of the effect of autogenic training on various forms of subjective perception of relaxation and the sense of well-being].

Our study was designed to investigate the therapeutic process caused by autogenic training in a differentiated and continous manner. Ss had to estimate their physical and mental relaxation during and beyond exercise in each of the 19 course-sessions. Their somatic and mental well-being before and after therapy was compared to a non-treated control-group. We found that improvement first occured at the physical level. Deep relaxation was first established during exercise and then transferred to the extra-therapeutic situation in the same succession. Physical and mental well-being improved clearly due to therapy. Though physical effects showed up earlier mental improvement were more pronounced at the end of therapy. We concluded, that an autogenic training course should comprise at least 13 sessions in order to come to a stabilization of therapeutic effects.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed2000

Management of pain through autogenic training.

Physical and emotional pain are an inevitable part of human existence and are without natural antidotes. In view of this, and in the light of increasing professional reluctance to depend on analgesics, this paper proposes the widespread application of autogenic training, a relaxation technique which has been seen to confront pain very effectively, and also to reduce substantially drugs dependency. It analyses autogenic training in respect of some of the more common pain-allied disorders such as childbirth, headaches and migraines, back pain, cancer and palliative care, and cardiology.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1994

[Ambulatory short-term therapy of anxiety patients with autogenic training and hypnosis. Results of treatment and 3 months follow-up].

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a short-term outpatient treatment (6 sessions à 90 minutes) with autogenic training (Schultz 1932) or hypnosis (Erickson and Rossi 1979), concerning patients with anxiety- and panic disorders (according to DSM-III-R and ICD-10-criteria). 27 Outpatients were recruited by newspaper articles. Most of them had not been treated before. Both short-term treatments consisted of 6 weekly group sessions (4-6 patients). Psychological examinations were carried out before and after treatment and at a follow-up after 3 months. Trait anxiety (STAI-X2) and psychosomatic complaints (BfS/BL') decreased in both groups significantly after treatment. This therapeutic effect was stable during the following 3 months. The frequency of panic attacks decreased as well under treatment, and this effect was even more marked during the 3 month following treatment. The therapeutic success was influenced by the frequency of autosuggestive exercises carried out by the patients at home. This form of short-term treatment is not sufficient for all patients with anxiety disorders but the results of that study encourage to use short-term interventions with autogenic training and hypnosis as initial therapeutic approaches for such patients and to combine them with other therapeutic interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Autogenic training reduces anxiety after coronary angioplasty: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Autogenic training (AT) is a method of autosuggestion with some potential for reducing anxiety. This study tests whether AT lowers anxiety levels experienced by patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive regular AT or no such therapy as an adjunct to standard care for 5 months. The primary outcome measure was State Anxiety at 2 months. Qualitative information was generated by face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: State Anxiety showed a significant intergroup difference both at 2 and 5 months. This finding was corroborated by secondary outcome measures, for example, quality of life, and by qualitative information about patients' experiences. The results do not allow us to determine whether the observed effects are specific to AT or of a nonspecific nature. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AT may have a role in reducing anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Spectral analysis of alpha rhythm during Schultz's autogenic training. A tentative approach to rapid visualization.

The records from experimental sessions including autogenic standard exercises and other conscious states, in two long-term trainees, were treated by using a frequency analysis programme. Starting from a synoptic reduced representation of the data and selecting sequences for the building of histograms of averaged energy levels in limited frequency bands, the authors describe the progressive spread of a dominant alpha band all over the scalp during autogenic training.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Assessment of the effectiveness of autogenic training in the complex treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states].

An examination of 68 patients with neurotic and psychopathic states detected the existence of significant connections between the method of treatment and reverse development of the symptomatology. The author used sets clinical scales and methods of statistical canonic, regressional and dispersional analysis. The most effective appeared to be autogenic training and aminazine. The effectiveness of aminazine was most distinctly seen in arresting hysterical characterological disturbances. The action of autogenic training in combination with amytriptiline was more effective in the treatment of insomnia and psychopathic disorders of the inhibitive type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Autogenic training in the treatment and secondary prevention of essential hypertension: five-year follow-up.

Ninety patients with essential hypertension were followed for 5 years. Initially the patients were randomized into two groups: (a) an experimental group consisting of 44 patients who received autogenic training and (b) a control group of 46 patients who did not receive any behavioral intervention. By the end of the follow-up period, the experimental group was significantly different from the control group, with reduced blood pressure (by 5.8 mm Hg systolic and 3.2 mm Hg diastolic vs. 4.3 mm Hg systolic and 2.0 mm Hg diastolic), a smaller increase in left-ventricular myocardial mass (14.6 g vs. 38.2 g), improved psychological indices, and a decrease in the number of sick days of leave. Autogenic training appeared to be more effective in patients with mild hypertension than in those with moderate hypertension and the results were comparable with those obtained with regular medication.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1997

Autogenic training and dream recall.

The present study has investigated the relationship between Autogenic Training and dream recall for 112 participants in 16 beginning courses of 10 wk. Analyses confirmed the hypothesis that learning and practicing this relaxation technique enhanced dream recall.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Autogenic training as a complementary therapy in unstable arterial hypertension in chronic uremics under periodic dialysis].

Consideration of the precarious mental balance of chronic uraemic patients receiving periodic haemodialysis, which often affects arterial pressure, led to a group of such patients being subjected to additional treatment in the form of Autogenous Training (A.T.). Comparison of some parameters such as arterial pressure and ECG's evaluated before and after A.T. shows, in several cases, a noticeable clinical improvement. It also has a definite tranquillising effect on the general anxiety state, which makes for better and longer-lasting adaptation to periodic dialysis. In the light of these results, Autogenous Training is proposed as a complementary treatment system for obviating certain non-physiological aspects of dialysis.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

Autogenic training.

Westernized medicine has conditioned us to rely on the outer physician; Autogenic Training (AT) enables us to find and develop an intimate relationship with our own inner physician and healer. This article outlines the historical and theoretical background to AT. The training process is described and reference is made to research literature which illustrates those individuals, illnesses, and conditions which respond favourably to AT. Drawing on the current mind-body science of Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), AT is seen as a significant member of the growing body of PNI techniques, research, and complementary therapies in the UK.

Autogenic Training↗
PubMed1992

Autogenic training and signs of distress: an experimental study.

The research investigated the autogenic training (AT) effects, analyzing the emotional and somatic distress symptoms of patients during their learning of the AT standard exercises (N = 79). An improvement was observed even before the beginning of the course, thus demonstrating the Balint effect of the drug-doctor phenomenon. The control subjects, entered in a waiting list, showed no further improvements from this phase of the study; the experimental ones, who had begun their AT exercises, continued to show significant improvement.

Adult↗