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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Outcome of isolated congenital complete heart block diagnosed in utero.

OBJECTIVE: To establish identifiable prenatal factors in fetal heart block which might predict death in utero, the need for intervention, or the probability of pacemaker requirement. SETTING: Tertiary referral unit for fetal echocardiography. SUBJECTS: 36 fetuses with congenital complete heart block and structurally normal hearts identified between 1980 and 1993. METHODS: Maternal anti-Ro antibody status was documented. Prenatal variables examined included absolute heart (ventricular) rate, change in rate, and development of hydrops fetalis. Postnatally, heart rate, need for pacing, and the indications for pacing were detailed. RESULTS: Of the total of 36 patients, there are 24 survivors; 11 are paced. Of those fetuses which died, two were electively aborted for severe hydrops, seven died in utero, two were immediate postnatal deaths, and one was an unrelated infant death. The trend was for the heart rate to decrease during fetal life and postnatally. Fetuses with deteriorating cardiac function did not always show the lowest heart rates. Bradycardia of less than 55 beats/min in early pregnancy or rapid decrease in heart rate prenatally were poor prognostic signs. Hydrops was also associated with bad outcome, 10 out of the 12 hydropic fetuses dying (83%). Of 10 fetuses presenting with a heart rate above 60/min, nine survived of whom three required pacing. Of seven presenting with heart rates of 50/min or less, only three survived and two of these required pacing. Of the two fetuses with negative maternal anti-Ro antibody status one died in utero and one required heart transplantation after pacemaker insertion. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated complete heart block identified in fetal life does not always have a good prognosis. An individual heart rate does not accurately predict the outcome in utero or the need for postnatal pacing. Regular, careful monitoring during pregnancy is required in order to optimise care and timing of any interventions.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1975

Family planning services in the United States.

In recent years the United States has made considerable progress in providing family planning services for those in need. This does not mean, however, that the problems posed by unwanted pregnancies and unwanted births have been completely overcome. Estimates of the number of low-income women needing and receiving family planning services indicate that roughly 3.6 million women at risk of an unwanted pregnancy were receiving family planning services in 1973. This represented almost two-thirds of those in need at the time. Many programs are also seeking to meet the teenage need demonstrated by very high rates of out-of-wedlock births, premarital conceptions, obstetric problems, and legal abortion demands of women 15 to 19 years of age. As of 1973, it appeared that between 1.3 and 2.2 million never-married teenagers were in need of organized family planning services, and that of these, services were being received by between 25 and 42 per cent.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive paths toward the reduction of unintended pregnancy and abortion.

Based on data from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, exposure to the risk of unintended pregnancy is classified by use of specific contraceptive methods and by nonuse, and average rates of unintended pregnancy are estimated for each type of exposure. Three hypothetical models of improved contraceptive practice are then applied to the data for all women and for age, race and marital-status subgroups. The first two models assume increases in the use of some existing contraceptive methods, but only the second model additionally assumes the introduction of new methods. The third model assumes the complete elimination of nonuse of contraception. These models yield different estimates of the reduction in unintended pregnancy rates which are illustrated for various age-groups, for whites and blacks and for married and unmarried women. Among all women aged 15-44, the changes assumed by Model I imply a 32 percent reduction in unintended pregnancy; Model II implies a 56 percent reduction; and Model III implies a 57 percent reduction. The implied reductions in abortion are in a similar range.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1978

Fertility and family planning in rural northern Thailand.

From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, when fertility was declining in Thailand as a whole, especially rapid declines occurred in Northern Thailand, but they did not occur uniformly in all the region's provinces. The Northern Thailand Fertility Study, initiated in 1975 to study the reported fertility changes, gathered data in two provinces: Chiang Mai, where fertility decline has been quite rapid, and Chiang Rai, which experienced relatively little decline until 1974. This preliminary report discusses fertility levels and trends in the two provinces, fertility experience and expectations of respondents, attitudes toward and knowledge of family planning, and contraceptive practice. The results suggest that most of the difference in fertility decline is related to the different level of family planning program activity in the two provinces.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1995

Fertility of the over forties.

This article focuses on women aged forty and over in England and Wales. It identifies changes in fertility patterns in the late childbearing ages, including trends in multiple maternities, conceptions terminated by an abortion, and the effects of delayed childbearing on births outside marriage and on the birth order distribution of births within marriage.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A component analysis of recent fertility decline in singapore.

To aid in achieving demographic goals, since 1968 the government of Singapore has passed a series of laws designed to limit family size. Policies were instituted in 1968 to discourage couples from having more than three children; policies introduced in 1973 discouraged having more than two. Trends in fertility rates and in the numbers of abortions and sterilizations in recent years are consistent with the intent of these social policies. Decline in third and subsequent births was the most important factor in fertility decline after 1972, and the numbers of abortions and sterilizations undergone by higher parity women have increased substantially sin"e 1970. Although other factors have affected fertility in Singapore, the data suggest that the disincentives have played a role in continued fertility decline in recent years.

Abortion, Legal↗