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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Increased induced abortion rate in 1966, an aspect of a Japanese folk superstition.

Adecrease of about 463 000 live births occurred in Japan in 1966, constituting a sharp departure from the linear trend before and after. This was partly caused by contraception and partly by induced abortion. The induced abortion rate, 43.1 per 1000 births in the year (a total of 65 000), was significantly higher than the 30.6 expected (46.200 total) from the regression trend computed from the years 1963 to 1969. No epidemics were reported in 1966 which might have caused the increase in abortion. It is more likely to be due to observance of Hinoe-Uma (Elder Fire-Horse), which comes round every sixty years by zodiac almanac. This event represents a superstition observed only by the Japanese, in whcih it is a bad omen for female babies to be born in the year. 1966 was the most recent year of Hinoe-Uma.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1995

[Studies of facilities with increased abortion rates in cattle].

Cases of abortions in cattle were investigated using several different laboratory procedures. The purpose was to collect information on an individual animal and on a herd basis that would allow a correct etiological diagnosis and also the institution of prophylactic measures. The cause of the abortion was diagnosed in 30% of the cases and in 16.3% of the herds. Due to the complexity of the problem, there is no routine diagnostic procedure that can universally be recommended and applied. There was no association between the number of tests performed or the number of herd mates included in the diagnostic work-up and the diagnostic success rate. In order to make a more efficient use of the diagnostic procedures, a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to abortion, on an individual animal basis and on a herd basis, is required.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1973

Area differences in spontaneous abortion rates in South Wales and their relation to neural tube defect incidence.

Data are presented from the South Wales Congenital Malformation Survey (92,982 births 1964-6 inclusive) showing that within areas in South Wales there exists an inverse relation between previous spontaneous abortion rate and the prevalence at birth of neural tube defect (anencephaly or spina bifida cystica or both). This relation is independent of social class, parity, and maternal age, and is not likely to be explained by area differences in accuracy of reporting previous spontaneous abortions.On the basis of these findings a hypothesis is advanced which proposes that the incidence of neural tube defects is uniform throughout South Wales and that the present substantial and relatively stable differences in area prevalence are controlled by small area differences in mortality of malformed embryos. This would seem to suggest that factors initiating the malformation are genetic and that any related environmental factors exert their effect on already abnormal fetuses by influencing, in one way or another, their capacity to survive.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1985

Bovine embryo transfer pregnancies. I. Abortion rates and characteristics of calves.

Data were obtained from 1,908 pregnancies resulting from bovine embryo transfer procedures. Responses examined included sex ratio, fetal, neonatal and preweaning death losses, birth weight and calving assistance. The sex ratio for 1,751 embryo transfer calves examined was 51.11% males. Cows older than 10 yr that had become repeat breeders produced more (P less than .05) male calves than other donors. Breed of embryo, age and quality of embryos at the time of transfer, embryo storage time from collection to transfer, asynchrony of recipient with donor estrus and number of palpable corpora lutea in superovulated donors were not related to sex ratio (P greater than .05). The abortion rate between 2 and 3 mo of gestation in embryo transfer recipients was 3.15%, and between 3 to 7 mo, 2.14%. Neonatal and preweaning losses for 1,682 calves with complete information were 1) congenital defects, .54%; 2) death due to premature birth (7 to 8 mo of gestation), .18%; 3) dystocia-related deaths, 2.38%; 4) deaths of unknown causes at birth, 2.14%; 5) deaths of unknown causes from 24 h after birth to weaning, 1.43%; 6) deaths due to calfhood diseases, 1.25% and 7) deaths due to environmental factors, 1.13%. Total losses of 2-mo pregnancies due to abortion or death of calves or recipients were 14%. Birth weight of embryo transfer calves changed .29 kg/d of deviation from average gestation length (P less than .005) for pregnancies within breeds. Birth weight was also affected (P less than .005) by donor breed and recipient breed and age. Male calves averaged 2.19 kg heavier (P less than .005) than females. Calving assistance was affected by donor breed; Angus calves required the least assistance (P less than .005). Hereford, Holstein and Limousin calves were similar and intermediate; Simmental calves needed the most calving assistance. Recipient breed and age influenced calving ease, with younger recipients of Angus and Hereford descent requiring more assistance (average calving score, 2.1) than both cow (1.3) and heifer (1.5) recipients of the larger Continental European breeds. Characteristics of 305 non-embryo transfer calves were not significantly different from 185 embryo transfer calves from the same farms. We conclude that embryo transfer calves did not differ from the non-embryo transfer population in any of the characteristics studied.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1997

Familial skewed X inactivation: a molecular trait associated with high spontaneous-abortion rate maps to Xq28.

We report a family ascertained for molecular diagnosis of muscular dystrophy in a young girl, in which preferential activation (> or = 95% of cells) of the paternal X chromosome was seen in both the proband and her mother. To determine the molecular basis for skewed X inactivation, we studied X-inactivation patterns in peripheral blood and/or oral mucosal cells from 50 members of this family and from a cohort of normal females. We found excellent concordance between X-inactivation patterns in blood and oral mucosal cell nuclei in all females. Of the 50 female pedigree members studied, 16 showed preferential use (> or = 95% cells) of the paternal X chromosome; none of 62 randomly selected females showed similarly skewed X inactivation was maternally inherited in this family. A linkage study using the molecular trait of skewed X inactivation as the scored phenotype localized this trait to Xq28 (DXS1108; maximum LOD score [Zmax] = 4.34, recombination fraction [theta] = 0). Both genotyping of additional markers and FISH of a YAC probe in Xq28 showed a deletion spanning from intron 22 of the factor VIII gene to DXS115-3. This deletion completely cosegregated with the trait (Zmax = 6.92, theta = 0). Comparison of clinical findings between affected and unaffected females in the 50-member pedigree showed a statistically significant increase in spontaneous-abortion rate in the females carrying the trait (P < .02). To our knowledge, this is the first gene-mapping study of abnormalities of X-inactivation patterns and is the first association of a specific locus for recurrent spontaneous abortion in a cytogenetically normal family. The involvement of this locus in cell lethality, cell-growth disadvantage, developmental abnormalities, or the X-inactivation process is discussed.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2002

Effects of pregnancy-associated Listeria monocytogenes infection: necrotizing hepatitis due to impaired maternal immune response and significantly increased abortion rate.

The impact of L. monocytogenes infection on maternal immune responses as well as on the outcome of pregnancy was studied in a murine model of pregnancy-associated listeriosis. Mice infected i.v. with L. monocytogenes at day 15 of pregnancy showed a significantly impaired bacterial elimination, which resulted in a severe necrotizing hemorrhagic hepatitis. The aggravated course of the infection could be attributed to a suppressed transcription and production of anti-listerial, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, namely interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase, murine monokine induced by interferon-gamma, and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10. In addition, listeriosis significantly increased the abortion rate. Infection of the placenta and fetuses was characterized by placental and fetal necrosis with unrestricted bacterial multiplication. A weak transcription of anti-listerial cytokines in the placenta in the absence of a cellular immune response could not prevent the fatal outcome of pregnancy-associated listeriosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Modulation of the natural killer cell activity in pregnant mice alters the spontaneous abortion rate.

Effector cells associated with an aborting fetus appear to be both thymus derived (T) and natural killer (NK) cells. In order to test the hypothesis that NK cells are a major effector mediating early spontaneous abortion (less than day 8-10), CBA female mice mated by DBA/2 males were treated with either polyinosinic/cytidylic acid (poly I:C) to boost NK activity, or rabbit anti-asialo GM1 (RaASGM1) to decrease NK activity. The results of the NK assays of the spleens of treated mice confirmed that the reagents had the expected effect on NK activity and an inspection of the uteri indicated a significant increase in aborted embryos after poly I:C and a marked decrease in spontaneous abortions after RaASGM1 treatment. Therefore, spontaneous abortions may be mediated in part by the cytotoxic activity of unregulated NK cells.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1995

Abortion rate in assisted reproduction--true increase?

Pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction were considered to carry an increased risk for spontaneous abortion, and ectopic and heterotopic pregnancies. In order to examine the validity of this hypothesis we compared the outcomes of spontaneous pregnancies and assisted reproduction pregnancies using the published reports in the world literature during the last decade. We also studied the outcome of 53,928 in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies reported during the years 1985-91. The reported loss rates in spontaneous pregnancies (abortions and ectopic pregnancies) compared to pregnancies achieved by assisted reproduction were 19% and 30%, respectively. The differences in loss rates between spontaneous and assisted reproduction pregnancies are not completely understood and may originate from predisposing factors such as tubal disease, uterine disorders, corpus luteum dysfunction, and endometriosis that are more frequent in patients suffering from infertility. Increasing maternal age correlates with a higher risk of fetal chromosomal anomalies which results in an increased rate of abortions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abortion rate in A.I.D. and semen characteristics: a study of 1345 pregnancies.

A study undertaken on 1345 pregnancies resulting from artificial insemination with donor showed an 18% risk of abortion. This figure is the same as that admitted for natural reproduction. It does not depend on any of the classically studied semen characteristics and in particular remains invariant whatever the postthaw motility, the factor most strongly linked to conception rate. Two results, well known from the literature, i.e. the increased abortion rate mentioned in natural reproduction when the sperm is of poor quality and the high incidence of repeated abortions when sperm quality is particularly good are discussed. The first of these results cannot be considered as being established in a statistically significant way. The second may result from different sources of bias, some of which are identified. In essence a high frequency of abortions signifies simply a high frequency of pregnancies, it is therefore not surprising that the semen is in this case particularly good.

Abortion, Habitual↗