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At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Why do organochlorine differences between arctic regions vary among trophic levels?

Statistical analysis of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) in marine mammals has shown that, for most OCs, the European Arctic is more contaminated than the Canadian and U.S. Arctic. Recently, comparison of OC concentration ranges in seabirds, arctic cod (Boregadus saida), and zooplankton, found no difference between these regions. To address these inconsistencies, marine food web OC data from the European (central Barents Sea (CBS)) and Canadian Arctic (Northwater Polynya (NOW)) were simultaneously statistically analyzed. In general, concentrations of OCs were greater in seabirds and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the CBS as compared to the NOW; consistent with circumpolar trends observed in marine mammals. In contrast, levels of OCs were generally similar in zooplankton and arctic cod between the CBS and NOW. The main exception is HCH which had greater levels in the NOW across all trophic levels because of the greater proximity to sources in eastern Asia. The lack of differences in OC concentrations in zooplankton and Arctic cod from the European and Canadian Arctic suggest that regional differences in OC contamination in the Arctic have evened out. Reduced regional differences were not observed in marine mammals or seabirds because they are long-lived and also acquire contaminants from maternal transfer and hence reflect levels from the past when the European Arctic was more contaminated than the Canadian Arctic. In addition, seabirds may reflect exposure from other areas. This study highlights the potential problem of comparing spatial trends by using means and confidence intervals as compared to simultaneous statistical analysis of raw data. Differences in the spatial trends of OCs between trophic levels in the Arctic are important for consideration when assessing regional differences in spatial and temporal trends of discontinued and current-use contaminants.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Organic carbon flow in the Ob, Yenisey Rivers and Kara Sea of the Arctic region.

Stable carbon isotope and elemental C/N ratios of the organic fraction of a set of samples along a transect in the Ob and Yenisey Rivers into the Kara Sea in the Arctic were measured. Previously, the concentrations of 239,240Pu and 137Cs in these same samples had been determined. The coupled measurements were carried out to assess possible connectivity between organic carbon flow into the Kara Sea and transport of radioactive nuclides in this marine environment. Organic carbon flow into the Kara Sea is influenced significantly by terrigenous sources carried by the Ob and Yenisey Rivers. The carbon isotope-organic carbon relationship provides evidence that a rich source of terrigenous carbon exists in the riverine system. A weak, but significant relationship between stable carbon isotope ratio and 137Cs suggests that most of the 137Cs is derived from riverine particles, as compared to Pu which is also derived from in situ scavenging within the water column.

Arctic Regions↗
PubMed1990

[Health status of workers in the continental ledge of the Arctic region].

On the basis of the originally developed programme and methods of complex sociohygienic and psychological approach a team of medical and engineer scientists presented an analysis of health status and comparative characteristics of workers from semi-plunged derrickboats engaged in exploratory drilling and exploitation of oil and gas reserves in the Arctic coastal zones. The unique purpose of this study is to make a psycho-physiological profile of derrick workers team with due regard for personal peculiarities, physical development and evaluation of physical capacity for work of each team member. While analysing the dynamics of workers' health status modern methods are used of evaluating disease-caused temporary disability with allowance made for data of family survey, life-style of workers from the group working under extreme conditions of the Far North.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

[Weather change--a cause of myocardial infarction. Barometric pressure over the Arctic region affects the number of sudden cardiac death cases].

Previous studies have reached different conclusions as to whether geomagnetic activity, or weather and weather changes are related to the risk of having or dying from an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We linked the Northern Sweden MONICA AMI registry to databases on temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), and geomagnetic activity and found that a temperature rise increased the number of non-fatal AMIs, an increase in the AO increased fatal as well as non-fatal AMIs, but there was no relation between the geomagnetic activity and AMI incidence or case fatality.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Systemic lupus erythematosus in the Arctic region of Norway.

OBJECTIVE: The marked regional variation in the incidence, prevalence, and presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is possibly related to differing spectra of local environmental factors. The aim of this study was to describe such features in a homogenous Caucasian population exposed to an Arctic climate. METHODS: The study area consisted of the 2 northernmost counties of Norway (middle population 222,403) where 4 hospitals (containing only one rheumatology service) provide specialized health care. Retrieval sources were (1) hospital inpatient discharge registries; (2) hospital outpatient registries; (3) mortality database of the National Office for Statistics. Databases were searched with codes for SLE, S ogren's syndrome, unclassified connective tissue disease, and discoid lupus for the period 1978-96. Only patients meeting 1982 American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE were included in the analysis. Annual incidence rate (AIR), point prevalence (PP), and mortality rates were estimated per 100,000 at risk. RESULTS: Eighty-three incident cases of adult SLE (87% female, mean age 40.6 yrs at diagnosis) were encountered. Crude AIR of SLE in the whole study period was 2.6 (95% CI 1.9-2.9) for adults. Sex-specific AIR was 4.6 for adult women and 0.6 for adult men. AIR in the first (2.4) and second 9-year period (2.7) was similar (p > 0.2). The crude overall PP for SLE at January 1, 1996, was 44.9 and was highest in women aged 3149 (PP 102.5). Mortality in incident cases was 9.6% (after a mean followup of 99 mo) with overall 10-year survival estimated at 75%. CONCLUSION: In a Caucasian population exposed to the Arctic climate incidence of SLE is rather low and stable. Course and presentation of SLE in the Arctic is not different from similar populations in the Western world. Improved outcome now makes SLE a disease present in 1 per 1,000 Norwegian women aged > 30 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Environmental and economic factors can increase the risk of exotic species introductions to the Arctic region through increased ballast water discharge.

The effects of global warming can increase the risk of exotic species introductions in eastern Canadian Arctic waters by reducing surface ice cover and allow increased access to commercial vessels. Ballast water discharged by incoming overseas vessels is an important means for introducing species on a global scale. Analyses of air temperatures at Churchill, Manitoba between 1943 and 2002 indicated an increase in mean temperature within the past decade. Churchill is the only major northern port in this region where grain has been exported on a limited basis due to the short navigation season. Economic analyses of grain exported from Canadian and U.S. ports indicated some cost advantages for using northern ports. The Hudson Bay region is vulnerable to increased exotic species introductions because of its southerly location. Current ballast water exchange measures to reduce the risk of introductions may not be effective because most vessels enter the region with ballast, and the ballast exchange zone is located relatively close to coastal areas where the habitat could be favorable for an introduced species to become established. The probability of a large crab species introduced to this region from northern European waters is discussed. The risk of ballast water-related exotic species introduction to this region may be reduced by expanding the types of cargo handled and developing a strong import market. This approach would accommodate an increase in the number of vessels with cargo, and substantially reduce the volume of ballast carried to this region.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[The role of lemmings in natural tularemia foci of arctic regions].

The presence of Taimyr of independent natural tularemia foci of tundra type was revealed on the basis of isolation of tularemia causative agent from lemmings and the objects of external environment and detection of a specific antigen in the pellets of birds-myophages and mummified cadavers of animals. Possible ways of circulation of the microbe in the lemming population are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Simulating transport of non-Chernobyl (137)Cs and (90)Sr in the North Atlantic-Arctic region.

The spatial and temporal distributions of the anthropogenic radionuclides (137)Cs and (90)Sr, originating from nuclear bomb testing and the Sellafield reprocessing plants in the Irish Sea, are simulated using a global version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The physical model is forced with daily atmospheric re-analysed fields for the period 1950 to present. Comparison of temporal evolution of observed and simulated concentrations of (137)Cs have been conducted for the regions east of Scotland, west of central Norway and at the entrance of the Barents Sea. It follows that the radionuclides from the Sellafield discharge reach the Barents Sea region after 4-5 years, in accordance with observations. The simulation provides a detailed distribution and evolution of the radionuclides over the integration time. For the Atlantic waters off the coast of Norway and in the southern Barents Sea, the atmospheric fallout dominates over the Sellafield release up to the mid 1960s and from the early 1990s, whereas Sellafield is the main source for the two radionuclides in the 1970s and 1980s. It is furthermore argued that model systems like the one presented here can be used for future prediction of radioactive contaminations in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, for instance under various global warming scenarios.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1997

[Physiologic and hygienic bases of the rationalization of work schedules of several groups of miners in Arctic regions].

The article presents some data describing functional state in tunnelers and mining operators. That information should be considered in setting the rational schemes of work and rest during shifts in Transpolar conditions. The authors justified that heart rate is an expedient criterion of functional strain and useful for calculating the necessary rest time. Suggested by the authors, schemes of work and rest as well as facts and calculations are helpful to justify rational schemes of work and rest for other occupations.

Adult↗