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PubMed1992

A bibliometric analysis of the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

A bibliometric analysis based on the Journal Citation Reports distributed by the Institute of Scientific Information was made of the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and related journals to determine the relative ranking of the Archives in several bibliometric categories. It was hoped that this process would yield objective evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of the Archives. Bibliometric indices that were compared included the impact factor (a reflection of how often a journal's articles are cited) and the cited half-life and immediacy (both of which deal with the timeliness of a journal's articles). The overall rankings of the Archives in 1988 compared to all journals indexed were 1,887 of 4,020 for impact factor, 2,633 of 2,683 for cited half-life and 1,793 of 4,020 for immediacy. In general, the Archives ranked higher in most of these indices than most rehabilitation journals but lower than other journals widely cited in the Archives, including general journals, other specialty journals, and a basic science journal.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Management of radiologic archive in a diagnostic imaging department.

One of the major and demanding problems in the management of a modern department of Radiology is undoubtedly the organization of a radiologic archive. Its management has been increasingly difficult in last years both for the increase in procedures and the number of radiologic exams. At the Radiology department of UCSC, since some years, this problem has been tackled. Major objectives have been identified in focusing on responsibilities, global management and planning of radiologic film retrieval and archiving integrated with health care activities (scheduling of admissions and exam appointments, reporting, discharge). Based on these assumptions, the archive has been divided into 3 sections, each dynamically integrated with the others. The 3 archives should be integrated with RIS and supported by information technology. RIS is considered the starting point of the process. In fact the system ensures communication to the archiving workstation and to the radiology room of patient admission and consequent execution of the exam which involves image production. This user-friendly procedure enables consistent information between RIS and archiving system and correct association of images to the patient medical report, for subsequent consultation.

Appointments and Schedules↗

PubMed2002

How much tissue is present in archival paraffin blocks and slides?

In order to inform the debate about tissue blocks and slides introduced by the Retained Organs Commission, a study is undertaken to determine the percentage weight of tissue present in the surgical archive in the cellular pathology department of a district general hospital. When original, unprocessed tissue weight is expressed as a percentage, based on the weight of 100 archival paraffin blocks, values range from 0.2% to 41.5%. When the corresponding archival slides are also included, the values fall as low as 0.1% (i.e. up to 99.9% of the stored archival material for a piece of processed tissue could be non-human material). The results are used to make a case for including archival histological material as part of the patient's clinical record, although it is accepted that this study was performed only on surgical tissue.

Archives↗

PubMed2004

Effects of variability in anatomical reconstruction techniques on models of synaptic integration by dendrites: a comparison of three Internet archives.

The first step in building a realistic computational neuron model is to produce a passive electrical skeleton on to which active conductances can be grafted. For this, anatomically accurate morphological reconstructions of the desired cell type are required. In this study compartmental models were used to compare from a functional perspective three on-line archives of rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell morphologies. The topological organization of cells was found to be similar for all archives, but several morphometric differences were observed. The three-dimensional size of the cells, the diameter and tortuosity of dendrites, and the electrotonic length of the main apical dendrite and of the branches in stratum lacunosum moleculare were dissimilar. The experimentally measured kinetics of somatically recorded inhibitory postsynaptic currents evoked in the stratum lacunosum moleculare (data from the literature) could be reproduced only using the archives that contained cells with an electrotonically short main apical dendrite. In the amplitude attenuation of the simulated postsynaptic currents and the voltage escape from the command potential under voltage clamp conditions, a two- to three-fold difference was observed among archives. Upon activation of a single model synapse on distal branches, cells with low dendritic diameter showed a voltage escape larger than 15 mV. The diameter of the dendrites influenced greatly the results, emphasizing the importance of methods that allow an accurate measurement of this parameter. Our results indicate that there are functionally significant differences in the morphometric data available in different archives even if the cell type, brain region and species are the same.

Archives↗

PubMed2002

A hospital archives ... what's it all about?

Establishing a hospital archives can be a daunting, though exciting project, with many positive outcomes. The description of archives, in general, and the distinctions of a hospital archives, specifically, are presented. The initial steps which need to be considered when developing a hospital archives are detailed using the Maine Medical Center Archives as an example.

Archives↗

PubMed2001

Administrative records management and archival program: the Kingston experience.

Administrative records management and archival programs are important to the administration of health care institutions and to the historian of health care. The development of an administrative records management and archival program at the Kingston General Hospital is outlined in this report. This program has been possible because of the endorsement of the President and Board of Directors, the appointment of a hospital archivist, and an agreement to maintain the archives in Queen's University Archives. The Records of the Kingston General Hospital Archives reflect the dramatic transformation from a charitable institution of the mid-19th century to a tertiary care centre. Much of the history of health care in Canada will be lost unless similar initiatives to ensure the preservation of primary records of Canadian health care institutions are undertaken.

Archives↗

PubMed1998

[The Sardinian archives for malaria history].

The paper makes some references to the documentary funds for malaria history retained in state and private archives. The most important are seven: the State archives of Cagliari, Sassari, Nuoro, the Provincial administration archive of Sassari, the ERLAAS (Ente regionale per la lotta antianofelica in Sardegna) archive. The private archives are deposited in town libraries of Iglesias and Olzai. The documentation available allows to carry out a lot of research on various courses; a) activity of land reclamation on marshy zones between XIX and XXth century; b) issues of the anti-malarial legislation in the early twentieth century for peculiar social classes such as railwaymen and miners. They were the first to assay the quinine for preventive treatment; c) the anti-anopheles struggle during the Fasciste regime (it was carried out with oil and Paris green and with the predator fish of the genus Gambusia as well) d) organization of anti-anopheles campaign of ERLASS after World War II.

Archives↗

PubMed2002

Novel methodology for the archiving and interactive reading of clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.

Archiving clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data and presenting the data to specialists (e.g., neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuro-oncologists, and MR scientists) who work in different physical locations is a practical problem of significance. This communication describes a novel solution. The study hypothesis was that it is possible to use widely available distributed computing techniques to create a clinical MRSI user interface addressable from any personal computer with a suitable network connection. A worldwide web MRSI archive and interface system was created that permits the user to interactively view individual MRSI voxel spectra with correlation to MR images and to parametric spectroscopic images. Web browser software (i.e., Netscape and Internet Explorer) permits users in various physical locations to access centrally archived MRSI data using a variety of operating systems and client workstations. The system was used for archiving and displaying more than 1000 clinical MRSI studies performed at the authors' institution. The system also permits MRSI data to be viewed via the Internet from distant locations worldwide. The study illustrates that widely available software operating within highly distributed electronic networks can be used for archiving and interactive reading of large amounts of clinical MRSI data.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

Which media are most likely to solve the archival problem?

The clinical application of quantitative methods for coronary arteriography remains limited, due in large part to the absence of a suitable replacement for cinefilm as the procedure record. The extension to the clinical environment of the validated objective methods which have found such widespread acceptance in clinical research studies is difficult to implement if the time-consuming and variable process for digitization of selected cinefilm frames is required. In addition, the complete integration of the angiographic procedure record with other patient records and procedures stored in a digital data format requires that the angiographic data eventually be converted to a digital format as well. Replacement of cinefilm requires that the media chosen for the task provide at least the same capabilities and preferably improved functions as those provided by cinefilm as a display, transport, and archival media. The demanding set of requirements imposed on the replacement options include high capacity, high acquisition rate, high transfer rate, application in a distributed environment, portability between institutions, and low expense. A true digital solution should also provide immediate access to the results of the angiographic procedure, transfer of image data over digital networks, multiple-user viewing capability, and quantitative analysis on a routine basis for all patients. In fact, a single media may not provide all the capabilities listed above but, rather, different media may need to be used for specialized tasks, i.e. the solution for archival may not be the same that will be employed as the portable patient record. Separation of the archival function from the acquisition/display and portable transfer functions increases the likelihood that cinefilm can be replaced in the imminent future by reducing the demands on a single media. Among the archival options available today are: (1) magnetic disks; (2) analog laser optical disks; (3) digital laser optical disks; (4) digital file-based magnetic tape; (5) digital video magnetic tape. In evaluating each of these alternatives, an accounting is required of how each meets the archival requirements along with an approximate breakdown of cost and readiness for implementation as a clinical solution today.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗

PubMed1993

An integrated picture archiving and communications system-radiology information system in a radiological department.

In this report we present an integrated picture archiving and communication system (PACS)--radiology information system (RIS) which runs as part of the daily routine in the Department of Radiology at the University of Graz. Although the PACS and the RIS have been developed independently, the two systems are interfaced to ensure a unified and consistent long-term archive. The configuration connects four computer tomography scanners (one of them situated at a distance of 1 km), a magnetic resonance imaging scanner, a digital subtraction angiography unit, an evaluation console, a diagnostic console, an image display console, an archive with two optical disk drives, and several RIS terminals. The configuration allows the routine archiving of all examinations on optical disks independent of reporting. The management of the optical disks is performed by the RIS. Images can be selected for retrieval via the RIS by using patient identification or medical criteria. A special software process (PACS-MONITOR) enables the user to survey and manage image communication, archiving, and retrieval as well as to get information about the status of the system at any time and handle the different procedures in the PACS. The system is active 24 hours a day. To make the PACS operation as independent as possible from the permanent presence of a system manager (electronic data processing expert), a rule-based expert system (OPERAS; OPERating ASsistant) is in use to localize and eliminate malfunctions that occur during routine work. The PACS-RIS reduces labor and speeds access to images within radiology and clinical departments.

Austria↗

PubMed1997

Implementation of a filmless mini picture archiving and communication system in ultrasonography: experience after one year of use.

This article details our experience in developing and operating an ultrasound mini-picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Using software developed in-house, low-end Macintosh computers (Apple Computer Co. Cupertino, CA) equipped with framegrabbers coordinate the entry of patient demographic information, image acquisition, and viewing on each ultrasound scanner. After each exam, the data are transmitted to a central archive server where they can be accessed from anywhere on the network. The archive server also provides web-based access to the data and manages pre-fetch and other requests for data that may no longer be on-line. Archival is fully automatic and is performed on recordable compact disk (CD) without compression. The system has been filmless now for over 18 months. In the meantime, one film processor has been eliminated and the position of one film clerk has been reallocated. Previously, nine ultrasound machines produced approximately 150 sheets of laser film per day (at 14 images per sheet). The same quantity of data are now archived without compression onto a single CD. Start-up costs were recovered within six months, and the project has been extended to include computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Compact Disks↗

PubMed1997

Picture archiving and communication system-asynchronous transfer mode network in a midsized hospital.

This article describes the pathway to full implementation of a hospital information system-picture archiving and communication system-wide area network (HIS-PACS-WAN) in a 300-bed acute care hospital, and the linking of that system to two other off-site medical centers. The PACS included direct digital capture of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, nuclear medicine, and ultrasonography images into an Olicon archive. Plain radiographs and fluoroscopy images were digitized manually and archived into an Olicon system. The active archive included current images on each Olicon workstation and the juke box. Long-term archiving of the images on removable optical discs, which would be loaded manually by an operator every time a request for one of these studies appeared on the operator's monitor, also was implemented. Ability to store, retrieve, and display simultaneously the physician's report of each procedure along with the images was an ultimate goal. The WAN is to be used for teleradiology and teleconferencing among the three medical centers involved in this study as well as other off-site locations. Phase I included the design and installation of the local area network (LAN) in the Department of Radiology at Olive View-UCLA Medical Center. This included the clinics and the inpatient and hospital-wide fiber-optic network and its linkage to the local telephone company. Phase II involved linkage of the Olicon workstations to imaging equipment. This implementation has been delayed significantly because of inadequate needs assessment, absence of planning for forward-compatibility to imaging equipment, and incompatibilities in DICOM conformance among vendors. Every PACS project must include an in-depth needs analysis, which should be updated yearly because of rapid turnover of technology. Although this analysis should have a heavy emphasis on clinical needs, it must incorporate the hospital-wide needs for an integrated information systems network. Integration of PACS, HIS, RIS, and a dictation/transcription system is a complex task that requires a full-time, clinically oriented project officer for successful completion.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1999

[Digital image archiving--concept of digital image and video documentation in ENT. A contribution to quality assurance].

BACKGROUND: Currently normal or pathologic conditions are documental by color slides, photos or videotape. However, it is more difficult to manage large numbers of images and to recall specific pictures or videos at any time. Digital record archives may be a solution for this problem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a digital video and photographic archive that controls documents with a picture archive software designed for use in ENT examination units. RESULTS: Working on this digital unit we have developed a software program that allows the creation and administration of digital pictures and videos using only one program. To avoid mistakes manual recording of data was reduced to a minimum. Filing is done automatically and similar results can be found via self-explained criteria. Due to the pro-user computer software, less trained persons are not afraid to use the system. Hence, the number of documented diagnoses has increased. Present experience shows that material and videos make it easier to work with patients and clinical confidence is increased. Additionally, the physician is protected indirectly. When many persons work with one system, digital photographic archives increase the clinician's ability to refind documents, even after a period of years. The need for quality assurance in medicine will help find more use for a digital archive in ENT.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed2004

ASP archiving solution of regional HUSpacs.

The application service provider (ASP) model is not novel, but widely used in several non-health care-related business areas. In this article, ASP is described as a potential solution for long-term and back-up archiving of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS). HUSpacs is a regional PACS for 21 HUS hospitals serving altogether 1.4 million citizens. The ultimate goal of this study was to define the specifications for the ASP archiving service and to compare different commercial options for archiving solutions (costs derived by unofficial requests for proposal): in-house PACS components, the regional ASP concept and the hospital-based ASP concept. In conclusion, the large scale of the HUS installation enables a cost-effective regional ASP archiving, resulting in a four to five times more economical solution than hospital-based ASP.

Computer Security↗

PubMed2001

Requirements for an enterprise digital image archive.

This report describes several image archival problems facing the authors' department and the results of their attempt to define the requirements for an enterprise digital image archive. The problems identified include the costs of supporting multiple distinct archives, the increased complexity of supporting multiple archive interfaces, the differences in data handling policies and resulting variations in data integrity, and variability in support for nonimage data. The authors also describe the data collected including image volumes and trends and imaging device trends. Finally, the resulting specification for an enterprise digital image archive, including storage and retrieval performance and interface requirements are presented.

Hospital Costs↗

PubMed1995

A rapid and simple method for the detection of prostate-specific antigen mRNA in archival tissue specimens using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay.

OBJECTIVES: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from archival, fixed tissue sources is now performed routinely. In this report, we describe a reproducible technique for mRNA amplification from archival tissues. METHODS: Archival, fixed tissue was treated with a modification of a rapid, acid guanidinium technique. The RNA yielded was reverse transcribed and subjected to 40 cycles of two-step PCR, using a panel of primers designed to encompass relatively short (less than 250 bp) cDNA fragments. PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis followed by ethidium bromide staining. RESULTS: Using fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of human prostate, we have demonstrated a reproducible pattern of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR products using several different primer sets. Our data suggest that RNA degradation proceeds to fragments approximately 250 bp or shorter in length but that many of these fragments survive intact over extended periods of time and are of suitable quality to serve as a template for RT and subsequent PCR amplification. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a technique that will allow the retrospective analysis of archival tissues for gene expression. These methods are generally applicable to a wide variety of systems. Such a method will make it possible to perform retrospective studies of gene expression in the archival tissues of patients whose eventual clinical course is already known, greatly shortening the time needed for genetic outcome studies in slowly growing tumors, such as prostate cancer.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1998

An on-line archive of reconstructed hippocampal neurons.

We have developed an on-line archive of neuronal geometry to encourage the use of realistic dendritic structures in morphometry and for neuronal modeling, located at web address www.neuro.soton.ac.uk. Initially we have included full three-dimensional representations of 87 neurons from the hippocampus, obtained following intracellular staining with biocytin and reconstruction using Neurolucida. The archive system includes a structure editor for correcting any departures from valid branching geometry and which allows simple errors in the digitisation to be corrected. The editor employs a platform-independent file format which enforces the constraints that there should be no isolated branches and no closed loops. It also incorporates software for interconversion between the archive format and those used by various neuronal reconstruction and modelling packages. The raw data from digitisation software can be included in the archive as well as edited reconstructions and any further information available. Cross-referenced tables and indexes are updated automatically and are sorted according to a number of fields including the cell type, contributor, submission date and published reference. Both the archive and the structure editor should facilitate the quantitative use of full three-dimensional reconstructions of neurons from the hippocampus and other brain regions.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Trends in PACS image storage and archive.

PACS is widely used in hospitals and is considered a mission critical system for around-the-clock daily clinical operation. Scheduled or unscheduled downtime of the main PACS archive storage or server could potentially cripple the entire PACS operation. This is especially the case in a filmless hospital environment. Therefore, in a downtime event, it is most desirable for users to have only a minimal performance impact without interruption of clinical data flow or loss of data and to have available historical PACS studies. This paper summarizes some of the developments in the design and implementation of a reliable PACS that insures maximum uptime for end users while preserving the integrity of the PACS data and making it available during downtime events. It also details strategy for developing proper clinical workflow contingency procedures when a scheduled downtime event to the main archive storage and server occurs. Specifically, the design and implementation of a fault-tolerant (FT) main archive server, the development of a FT back-up archive using an application service provider (ASP) model, and the clinical experiences while upgrading a main archive server and migrating the stored PACS data to new storage media will be discussed.

California↗