Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “urinary bladder”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder: report of three cases and review of the literature.

We report three cases of a primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder. The radiological features revealed a sessile mass of the lateral wall for one case, a circumferential thickening in the second, and two separated masses of the bladder wall in the last case. Primary malignant lymphoma of the urinary bladder is extremely rare. From a review of the literature, the clinical and radiological findings are discussed. In this paper we report the first case of urinary bladder lymphoma presented on CTas multiple masses.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[Histomorphological variants of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder].

31 secondary carcinomas in situ of the urinary bladder have been histologically examined. They exhibit a great variability of their histological features. This is due to the varying rate at which cells lose their specific properties. Besides urothelial carcinomas in situ, a squamous cell carcinoma in situ as well as the intraurothelial formation of malign signet-ring cells have been detected.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

H-ras p21 and peanut lectin immunoreactivity of hyperplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic urinary bladder lesions in rats.

Hyperplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic urinary bladder lesions induced by bladder carcinogens and toxins in the rat were evaluated for immunoreactivity with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to H-ras p21 or binding to peanut lectin with avidin-biotin immunocytochemistry. A low proportion (less than 20%) of hyperplastic and neoplastic bladder lesions induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine and fixed in Bouin's fixative only were immunoreactive on the cell membrane with the antibodies to H-ras p21. Lectin binding was found for these lesions, as well, even in formalin-fixed tissue and for lesions induced by other carcinogens, but not in regenerative bladder hyperplasias after cyclophosphamide exposure or in bladder exposed to bladder tumor promoters. The latter lesions were also not immunoreactive with antibodies to p21. Our results suggest that this relatively simple technique might be used for identification and screening of tumors for involvement of ras oncogenes and carcinogen initiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[2 cases of sympathetic paraganglioma of the urinary bladder].

Two cases of symphathetic paraganglioma of the urinary bladder are reported. Symppathetic- or parasymphatetic origin of intramural paraganlia or paragangliomas can be determined by demonstration of praesynaptic myelinated fibers. This method gives more reliable results than formaldehyd-induction-method carried out on freezed sections or the Gömöri's chromaffin reaction which often appears to be false-negative.

Chromaffin Granules↗
PubMed1983

Pitfalls related to the urinary bladder in pelvic sonography: a review.

A number of pitfalls related to the urinary bladder may be encountered during ultrasound examination of the pelvis. Examples of particularly difficult or frequently encountered situations are illustrated in this report. In our experience, difficulties most commonly arise from incorrect identification of the urinary bladder, with an abnormal cystic pelvic mass simulating the normal urinary bladder, or vice versa. In addition, confusing appearances may be caused by urine refluxed into the vagina, technical artifacts, bladder diverticula, or mobile pelvic masses displaced by the bladder. Definitive bladder identification is useful to avoid errors in situations likely to be associated with bladder related pitfalls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on the urinary bladder and taenia coli of the guinea pig.

The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on the contractile activity of the urinary bladder and taenia coli of the guinea pig has been investigated. In the urinary bladder VIP caused a weak contraction and a small potentiation of the nerve-induced contraction. In the taenia coli VIP caused a small relaxation and had no effect on the nerve-induced relaxation of the preparation. The present experiments provide no evidence that VIP fulfills a role as a neurotransmitter in the urinary bladder or taenia coli, but it could be a modulator of transmitter action in the urinary bladder.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder: report of three cases].

We report 3 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. One patient was a 57-year-old female. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a small tumor, and cystoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor on the left wall. Partial cystectomy was performed, and she has had no recurrence for 10 months. Two females who were aged 68 years and 52 years, were referred to our hospital with the complaint of pain of meatus of urethra, and pollakisuria, respectively. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed, and they have had no recurrence for more than 3 and 4 years, respectively. Histological examination in the three cases showed a leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, there are 151 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder reported in the literature in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effects of neonatal capsaicin treatment and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on urinary bladder function in rats.

A significant increase in the size and weight of the urinary bladder was observed 2 weeks after streptozotocin treatment and 2 months after neonatal capsaicin treatment. Both treatments induced a significant increase in the level of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the urinary bladder membranes. However, contractile responses of urinary bladder muscle strips to carbachol (0.3-20 microM) were not significantly affected by either treatment. On the other hand, neonatal capsaicin treatment, but not streptozotocin treatment, significantly enhanced contractile responses of bladder strips to electric field stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Neuronal GABA release and GABA inhibition of ACh release in guinea pig urinary bladder.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) are present in the urinary bladder of guinea pigs, and the possible correlation in regional distribution between GABA, GAD, and the number of vesical ganglion cells was studied. Electrical stimulation of the bladder strips produced an increase in the calcium-dependent and tetrodotoxin-sensitive [3H]GABA release and contractions in the strips preloaded with [3H]GABA. Nicotine, acetylcholine chloride (ACh), and hexamethonium did not significantly alter the release of [3H]GABA. Bicuculline significantly enhanced [3H]ACh release and cholinergic components of contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of the bladder strips preloaded with [3H]choline, thereby suggesting that this compound antagonizes the effect of endogenous GABA released during stimulation. GABA and muscimol but not baclofen reduced both the [3H]ACh release and contractions evoked by nicotine. These effects of GABA were antagonized by bicuculline and furosemide but not by alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers. These findings suggest that GABA may be a noncholinergic nonadrenergic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the urinary bladder. The motility of the urinary bladder is thus inhibited by reducing the release of ACh from the postganglionic cholinergic neurons through bicuculline-sensitive GABA receptors probably associated with the chloride ion channel.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of the reflex inhibition of micturition contractions of the urinary bladder elicited by acupuncture-like stimulation in anesthetized rats.

The effects of acupuncture-like stimulation of various segmental areas on the rhythmic micturition contractions (RMCs) of the urinary bladder were examined in anesthetized rats. The urinary bladder was cannulated via the urethra and expanded by infusing saline until the urinary bladder produced micturition contractions rhythmically as a consequence of the rhythmic burst discharges of the vesical pelvic efferent nerves. An acupuncture needle, having a diameter of either 160 or 340 microns, was inserted to a depth of about 4-5 mm into the skin and underlying muscles at various segmental areas, rostrally from the face then caudally to the hindlimb. Once being inserted, the needle was twisted left and right with the fingers about once every second for 1 min. (1) Acupuncture-like stimulation applied to the perineal area inhibited both the RMCs and the rhythmic burst discharges of vesical pelvic efferent nerves without any significant changes in the hypogastric efferent nerve activity. By contrast, stimulation applied to the face, neck, forelimb, chest, abdomen, back, and hindlimb areas was ineffective. (2) After surgically separating the perineal skin from the underlying muscles with the main cutaneous nerve branches intact, stimulation of either the perineal skin or the perineal muscles inhibited the RMCs. Stimulation of the perineal muscles produced a stronger inhibition of the RMCs than that of the perineal skin. (3) Stimulation of the perineal area increased afferent nerve activity, either recorded from the pudendal nerve branches innervating the perineal skin or underlying muscles, or recorded from the pelvic nerve branches innervating the perineal muscles. (4) The stimulation-induced inhibition of the RMCs was abolished after surgically severing both pudendal and pelvic nerve branches that innervated the perineal skin and underlying muscles. (5) The present findings indicate that the inhibition of the RMCs following acupuncture-like stimulation of the perineal area is a reflex response characterized by segmental organization. The afferent arcs of the reflex are both pelvic and pudendal nerve branches innervating the perineal skin and underlying muscles, while the efferent arcs are pelvic nerve branches innervating the urinary bladder.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed2002

The enhancement of pipemidic acid permeation into the pig urinary bladder wall.

The influence of interactions between polycarbophil and calcium on a model drug permeation into the pig urinary bladder wall was investigated. Pipemidic acid was used as a model drug. One percent w/v polycarbophil dispersion significantly increases the permeation of pipemidic acid into the urinary bladder wall. The enhanced absorption of pipemidic acid caused by polycarbophil is significantly less pronounced in polycarbophil dispersions containing calcium. The enhancement of pipemidic acid permeation into the urinary bladder wall could be due to the opening of tight junctions, which causes higher paracellular permeability. In the case of polycarbophil dispersion with calcium some carboxylic groups of polymer are already occupied with calcium, present in the dispersions. As a consequence extracellular calcium binds to polycarbophil in lower extent if compared with polycarbophil dispersion without calcium and transport is increased to a lesser degree. We concluded that the mechanism of drug absorption enhancement caused by polycarbophil could be similar for urinary bladder as described in the literature for intestinal mucosa.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

[Grading of urinary bladder tumors by automated microscopic image analysis].

Studies were undertaken on biopsies from urinary bladder papillomas and urothelial carcinomas of different grades (G1-G3) along with normal urinary bladder mucosa from a total of 145 patients. They were performed by use of automated microscopic image analysis (system Robotron A 6471; software AMBA/R) and resulted in making objective the tumor grading and lead to the detection of both papillomas and G1-carcinomas with high proliferating activity. In addition, we were able to separate the G2-carcinomas into two groups which probably show different biological behaviour. They cannot be discriminated by conventional morphological methods but their existence is consistent with clinical observations.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Lipid signaling changes in smooth muscle remodeling associated with partial urinary bladder outlet obstruction.

AIMS: Hypertrophy of the urinary bladder smooth muscle (detrusor) is associated with partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO). Hypertrophied detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) reveals altered contractile characteristics. In this study, we analyzed the lipid-dependent signaling system that includes phospholipase A2 in PBOO-induced DSM remodeling and hypertrophy to determine whether the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipid is altered in the detrusor. METHODS: Partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) was produced by partial ligation of the urethra in New Zealand white rabbits. Two weeks after the surgery, the bladder function was studied by keeping the rabbits in metabolic cages for 24 hr. Bladders were removed from rabbits that had bladder dysfunction (increased urinary frequency and decreased void volume) and the DSM separated from mucosa and serosa. The isolated smooth muscle was incubated with [3H] AA to equilibrate the cytoplasmic AA. The level of AA release was compared with the level obtained with 2-week sham-operated rabbits. RESULTS: The rate of AA release was high in DSM from bladders with PBOO-induced hypertrophy. Carbachol stimulated AA release in control DSM but DSM from obstructed rabbits revealed no further increase from the elevated basal AA release. The half-maximal concentration of carbachol that was required to stimulate AA release from control samples of detrusor was 35 microM. CONCLUSIONS: The increased levels of AA release that are observed in this tissue after PBOO indicate the activation of phospholipase A2. The finding that carbachol could induce contraction, but not an increase in AA, indicates that the carbachol-induced contraction in the obstructed bladders is independent of lipid signaling pathways that involve AA. It is possible that the increased rate of arachidonic acid release from obstructed bladders correlates with the enhanced rates of prostaglandin production reported by other investigators from the same tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Activity of nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists on neurokinin a induced contractions in dog urinary bladder.

PURPOSE: There is abundant evidence indicating that tachykinin (TK) containing sensory nerves (C-fibers) play an important role in neural regulation of reflex micturition in mammals. Desensitization of urinary bladder C-fibers with resiniferatoxin ameliorates bladder hyperreflexia and incontinence and supports a similar role for C-fibers in man. TK-induced contraction of isolated human urinary bladder smooth muscle appears to be exclusively neurokinin NK2-receptor mediated. Dog urinary bladder contractility to a series of TK-receptor agonists also suggests a predominance of NK2-receptor activation by tachykinins and indicates the dog may provide a useful model for the development of pharmacotherapy for bladder hyperreflexia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the activity of the nonpeptide NK-receptor selective antagonists SR 48968 (NK2), SB 223412 (NK3) and CP 99994 (NK1) against neurokinin A (NKA)-induced contractions in isolated dog urinary bladder strips to determine the NK-receptor type which mediates contractile responses to NKA. The dual NK1 and NK2 antagonist MDL 103392 was also tested in this preparation. RESULTS: NKA-induced contractions (pD2 = 8.0) were dose dependently blocked by SR 48968 (pA2 = 8.2 +/- 0.2) while CP 99994 (1.0 microM) and SB 223412 (1.0 microM) were inactive. MDL 103392 was a weak functional antagonist (pKb = 6.1 +/- 0.1) of NKA. CONCLUSIONS: Relative activities of SR 48968, CP 99994 and SB 223412 confirm that the NK2-receptor is the mediator of NKA-induced contractions of dog urinary bladder smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The diverse modification of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine induced carcinogenesis in urinary bladder by dibromodulcitol and dianhydrodulcitol.

The effects of intravesical therapy with adriamycin, 1.6-dibromo-1.6-dideoxydulcitol (DBD) or with 1.6-dianhydrodulcitol (DAD) on bladder carcinogenesis were investigated in rats. To induce premalignant lesions in the urinary bladder female Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in their drinking water for 4 weeks and then post-treated intravesically with one of the antitumor drugs and examined once a week for 3 months. These antitumor drugs in healthy rats (i.e. without the pre-administration of BBN) did not cause any significant morphological changes in the urinary bladder after intravesical application once a week for 3 months. In the applied dose BBN alone induced only premalignant lesions in the urinary bladder. However, neoplastic lesions occurred in the groups treated with BBN and adriamycin (9 papillomas and 3 carcinomas in 14 animals). Similarly intravesical application of DBD after BBN administration resulted 5 carcinomas among the 11 animals. On the contrary no urinary bladder tumor was found in the animals treated with BBN and DAD. As DAD is one of the conversion products of DBD it is conceivable that the difference between DBD and DAD action may be due to the formation of other solvolytic product from DBD than DAD.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1980

Reactive pseudosarcomatous response in urinary bladder.

An unusual pseudosarcomatous lesion of the urinary bladder is described in a thirty-two-year-old woman. The absence of malignant epithelial elements, the benign clinical course, and a history of chronic cystitis support the interpretation of a reactive proliferation. Awareness of this entity is important in determining therapeutic intervention.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

EGFr and c-erB2mRNA expression in urinary bladder superficial carcinomas.

AIM: The biological behaviour of superficial type transitional carcinomas of the urinary bladder can not be predicted. To try to differentiate those tumors that will present aggressive behaviour with infiltrative recurrences from those that will not, we studied, at the mRNA level, the expression of two membrane proteins, EGFr and c-erbB2, and of k-ras oncogene. METHODS: The mRNAs relative quantitation as performed, after RT-PCR, from histological sections cut from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Twenty-three patients with urinary bladder transitional carcinoma have been studied for EGF-receptor, c-erbB2 and k-ras oncogene. The expression has been correlated with the outcomes of the follow-up period (infiltrative or superficial recurrences). RESULTS: The mRNA or EGFr was in average more expressed in tumors that continue to be superficial in the relapses, but for c-erbB2 the level of mRNA was similar in both, the more and less aggressive groups. The expression of k-ras was higher in cases associated with more infiltrative tumor relapses. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study we did not identify any specific marker that can clearly predict the prognosis of superficial type transitional carcinoma of the urinary bladder; only k-ras expression is connected in some cases with the aggressiveness of the tumors. The expression of EGFr gave us intriguing results, it is in fact higher in the superficial carcinomas that do not tend to become infiltrative of the urinary bladder wall.

Journal Article↗