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The rules of drug taking: wine and poppy derivatives in the ancient world. IV. The rules of temperance.

Drinking in moderation was considered fully appropriate for Greek citizens and, accordingly, wine played a central role in the symposium, where adult men met to enjoy poems, music, conversation, and sex. To reach the goal of remaining "euphoric" without getting intoxicated, wine was drunk diluted. Usually, three parts of water were added to one part of wine. Since drinking diluted wine produces a slow rise of alcoholemia, the pharmacological rationale of this habit seems to stand on two factors: 1) feeling relaxed and euphoric are mainly perceived during the rise of alcoholemia: 2) alcohol intake can be titrated as long as intoxication is not reached.

Alcohol Drinking↗

Henry Daniel Cogswell, DDS (1819-1900): a temperance advocate, philanthropist and builder of ice-water fountains.

Henry Daniel Cogswell (Fig. 1), the second of five children, was born in Tolland, Connecticut on March 3, 1819. His father, George Washington Cogswell, was a general carpenter, architect and builder of moderate circumstances. In 1827, when Henry was eight, his mother died. The following year, Henry's father moved to Orwell, (Oswego County) New York, in hopes of improving his financial condition. Henry was left behind in the care of his paternal grandfather, who died several months later, leaving the 10-year old boy, stranded and forced to rely upon his own resources. (In those times, when families were separated, individual members had limited means of locating one another.)

California↗