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Results for “hypoglycemic”

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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Potentially active hypoglycemic agents from N1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives and their N1-(oxynicotinoyl) analogues.

Several ethyl 2,3-dioxohexanoate 2-arylhydrazone derivatives were obtained via coupling of the appropriate diazonium chlorides with ethyl butanoylacetate. Acetic acid-mediated cyclization of these products with N1-nicotinoyl and/or N1-(oxynicotinoyl)hydrazine derivatives gave a new series of 4-arylhydrazono-3-(n-propyl)-N1-nicotinoyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one s (Va-h) as well as their N1-(oxynicotinoyl) analogues (VIa-h). The structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed on the basis of elemental and spectral data. The hypoglycemic effect, antibacterial activity and toxicity of these agents were evaluated and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antidiabetic drugs of plant origin used in China: compositions, pharmacology, and hypoglycemic mechanisms.

The paper reviewed compositions and pharmacological effects of eight antidiabetic herbal drugs that have been approved by health regulatory agency for commercial use in China. Investigators attributed the hypoglycemic effect of these products to their ability to restore the functions of pancreatic tissues and cause an increase in insulin output, to inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose, or to the facilitation of metabolites in insulin-dependent processes. Treatment with herbal drugs has an effect on protecting beta cells and smoothing out fluctuations in glucose levels. The use of these naturally derived agents in conjunction with conventional drug treatments such as an chemical agent or insulin permits the use of lower doses of the drug and/or decreased frequency of administration which decreases the side effects most commonly observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of central mechanism of insulin induced hypoglycemic convulsions in mice.

Insulin produces seizures in healthy and diabetic animals. Amongst suggested mechanisms, the role of neuromodulators and neurotransmitters is not clear. The present study explores the mechanisms involved in insulin-induced convulsions. Convulsions were induced in Swiss male albino mice with graded doses of insulin. Blood sugar levels were measured prior to and after the first convulsion. Drugs like 5-HTP (5-HT precursor), pCPA (5-HT depletor), ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonist), ketanserin (5-HT, antagonist), ketamine (NMDA antagonist), 1-dopa (dopamine precursor) and reserpine (amine depletor) were studied for interaction with convulsive behaviour induced by insulin. Insulin in 2 IU/kg dose did not produce convulsions while 4 and 8 IU/kg doses produced convulsions in 50% and 100% of animals respectively. 5-HTP, ondansetron, ketanserin, ketamine and l-dopa significantly protected/inhibited animals from convulsions at all studied doses of insulin. On the contrary, pCPA and reserpine potentiated insulin induced convulsions. Insulin caused mortality in 40 and 100% animals with 4 and 8 IU/kg doses respectively. pCPA and reserpine treatments caused mortality at all doses of insulin, while other drugs did not influence insulin induced mortality. Blood sugar levels were reduced in all groups irrespective of the presence or absence of convulsions. A definitive link of serotonergic, dopaminergic and excitatory amino acid pathways in mediating insulin-induced hypoglycemic convulsions is suggested.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed2005

The stability of insulin-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles in an oily medium and the hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats.

AIM: To study the stability of insulin-loaded polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (IPN) in an oily medium (soybean oil containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween-20 and 5% (v/v) Vitamin E) along with the hypoglycemic effect following their oral administration to streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. METHODS: The stability of IPN in the process was appraised by measurement of the amount of undegraded insulin associated to nanoparticles, the average size and the span of IPN, as well as the release of insulin from IPN. IPN in an aqueous medium (containing 0.5% (v/v) Tween-20) at pH 2.0 was also investigated as control. RESULTS: The study showed that IPN in the oily medium was more stable than that in the aqueous medium over one year of storage in the dark at (25 +/- 2) degrees C and the in vitro stability of IPN in the oily medium against degradation by proteolytic enzymes was much better than that in the aqueous medium. The apparent bioavailability of an oral administration of IPN (50 u x kg(-1)) in the oily medium versus an (sc) injection of insulin (2 u x kg(-1)) was 22.4%, much higher than that of IPN in the aqueous medium (15.5%), based on decreased areas above curve (AAC) determination for the blood glucose depression from time zero to 144 h of a single oral administration of IPN to STZ-diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: IPN in soybean oil containing Tween-20 (0.5% v/v) and Vitamin E (5% v/v) could be considered as an effective and stable delivery system for oral insulin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

[Study on inhibition on alpha-glucosidase and analysis of the hypoglycemic composition of lobster sauce].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of lobster sauce and polysaccharide extracts on alpha-1,4-glucosidase activity by establishing on enzyme-inhibitor model. METHODS: Glucosidase activity was assayed at PH optima by PNPG substrate. Lobster sauce extracts were prepared by soaking, centrifagation. Polysaccharide were prepared by soaking, centrifagation, separation. RESULTS: Lobster sauce and polysaccharide can inhibit alpha-1,4-glucosidase. CONCLUSION: This finding suggested that their hypoglycemic mechanism was similar to Acarbose. Lobster sauce may contain phenyalanine.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

Hypoglycemic and antiperglycemic effects of Semecarpus anacardium linn in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The effect of ethanolic extract of dried nuts of Semecarpus anacardium on blood glucose level was investigated in both normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours after the treatment. The ethanolic extract of S. anacardium (100 mg/kg) reduced the blood glucose of normal rat from 84 +/- 1.4 to 67 +/- 1.7 mg/dl, 3 hours after oral administration of the extract (P < 0.05). It also significantly lowered blood glucose level in alloxan induced diabetic rat from 325 +/- 2.2 to 144 +/- 1.4 mg/dl, 3 hours after oral administration of the extract (P < 0.05). The antihyperglycemic activity of S. anacardium was compared with tolbutamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the hypoglycemic activity of different extracts of wild Psidium guajava leaves in Panzhihua Area].

OBJECTIVE: To illuminate the role of water-soluble, 650 ml/L edible alcohol and 950 ml/L edible alcohol-soluble extracts of wild Psidium guajava leaves in Panzhihua Area in decreasing blood glucose. METHODS: High-level blood glucose models were made by use of male Kunming mice given intraperitoneal injection of glucose, subcutaneous injection of adrenaline and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), respectively. Blood glucose concentration was measured after oral administration (gastrogavage) of the soluble extracts of Psidium guajava leaves, respectively. Body weight and organ morphology were observed, and organ index was obtained. The All available indexes were statistically analyzed in comparing the study groups and control group. RESULTS: three extracts resisted the rise of blood glucose level induced by exogenous glucose and adrenaline to various degrees. The extracts of water, 650 ml/L alcohol and 950 ml/L alcohol significantly decreased the blood glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic mice by 36.3%, 33.5% and 31.3% respectively. Furthermore, among three extracts, water-soluble extract showed little influence on the growth of mice. CONCLUSION: The water-soluble, 650 ml/L edible alcohol and 950 ml/L edible alcohol-soluble extracts of wild Psidium guajava leaves in Panzhihua area may have different hypoglycemic potential.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Knack of treatment with oral hypoglycemic drugs in the elderly].

In the treatment of elderly type 2 diabetes, it is important to detect hypoglycemia correctly, because the elderly patients often exhibit atypical symptoms from hypoglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), which do not stimulate insulin release from pancreas, is rather safe and may be the first choice for the elderly patients. OHAs that stimulate insulin secretion weakly or temporally might be useful drug for controlling elderly diabetic patients characterized by post-prandial hyperglycemia. Strong-acting sulfonylurea must be use with a great caution. Importantly, once glycemic control comes to a fail even after an appropriate combination of OHAs, initiation of insulin injection therapy must be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Anti-hyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the Zucker fatty rat.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a traditional Chinese medicine used for a variety of conditions, including elevated cholesterol. We have examined the pharmacological anti-hyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic effectiveness of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in the obese Zucker fatty diabetic rat model. After treatment for 4 days Gynostemma pentaphyllum 250 mg/kg reduced triglyceride (33%), total cholesterol, (13%) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (33%). These effects were dose-dependent and maintained for at least 5 weeks. Chronic treatment for 3-5 weeks also reduced post-prandial hypertriglyceridemia induced by olive oil 10 mg/kg in the Zucker fatty rats but had no significant effect in lowering sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. A novel regulation by Gynostemma of glucose levels was also observed in the Zucker fatty rat model. In a glucose tolerance test in obese and lean Zucker rats pretreatment with Gynostemma pentaphyllum 250 mg/kg demonstrated glucose levels were significantly less 2 hours post challenge (20%) in the Gynostemma pentaphyllum obese rats compared to the control group. Gynostemma pentaphyllum did not significantly reduce glucose levels at 120 min in the lean strain, in contrast to the 20% decrease seen in the obese rat. In vitro, Gynostemma pentaphyllum inhibited alpha-glucosidase activity (50% inhibition at 42.8), which compared to acarbose (50% at 53.9 microg/mL). The improvement in glucose tolerance at 120 min by Gynostemma pentaphyllum in obese Zucker fatty rats but not lean rats suggests that it may improve insulin receptor sensitivity and together with the significant reduction of hypertriglyceridemia, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol suggests that Gynostemma should be examined further by oral hypoglycemic/anti-hyperlipidemic therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of leaves of Vinca rosea linn.

Oral administration of water fraction of alcoholic extract of leaves of Vinca rosea (fam. apocynaeceae) led to marked lowering of blood glucose level in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect of the fraction was comparable with that of tolbutamide.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypersensitivity to hypoglycemic sulfonylurea compounds. Are there cross-reactions?].

We describe 5 observations of cutaneous reactions or immediate hypersensitivity with different hypoglycemic sulfonylurea: Quincke's oedema with glibornuride, three urticaria (one was followed by bronchospasm and collapsus) with glibenclamide, one bullous dermatitis with carbutamide. With special regard to cross reactions between sulfonylurea: we observe the tolerance of glipizide after glibenclamide induced urticaria, tolerance of glicalazide after glibornuride induced Quincke's oedema and eruption, tolerance of glibornuride after chlorporpamide induced urticaria and Quincke's oedema. In the literature, cross reactions between 1st generation sulfonylurea are noted, but not cross reactions between 1st and 2nd generation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Petiveria alleaceae L. (anamú). Study of the hypoglycemic effect.

The combined phytochemical and pharmaceutical study of Petiveria alleaceae L. (anamú) has shown the existence in the leaves and stems of the plant of a possible hypoglycemic active principle. Extracts from leaves and stem powder were found to produce a decrease of blood sugar concentration of more than 60% one hour after oral administration in male Balb/C mice weighing 20 g fasted for 48 hours.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The nature of the pancreatic hormone secretion and of the metabolic indices during the acute and chronic administration of peroral hypoglycemic preparations].

A comparative study of the effect of acute and chronic administration of sulfanilureal sugar lowering drugs (glipizide and glibenclamide) on the secretion of the pancreatic hormones, indices of microcirculation, the level of triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids was conducted. Patients with primary detected diabetes mellitus with normal body mass and obesity of I-III degrees were investigated. The principal differences in insulinotropic action of sugar lowering drugs in various groups of patients and significant differences in the mechanism of their hypoglycemic action at varying time of treatment indicate the necessity of a strictly differentiated approach to subscription of these drugs for patients with primary detected diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypoglycemic effect of nicotinamide in diabetes mellitus].

Administration of nicotinamide (NA) is followed by a pronounced hypoglycemic effect with a simultaneous decrease of glucose content in the lens, sciatic nerve and aorta at manifest streptozotocin-induced diabetes and also by a complete normalization of parameters of the intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test in rats with a "diabetic" type of glucose tolerance. A 14-day NA treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus results in the improvement of the glycemic profile, a decrease of glucosuria and the blood serum level of protein-bound hexoses as well as positive shifts in the condition of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The prognostic importance of plasma glucose levels and of the use of oral hypoglycemic drugs after myocardial infarction in men.

The relationship of plasma glucose levels to risk of death over a five-year follow-up period was studied in 2,770 male survivors of myocardial infarction in the placebo group of the Coronary Drug Project (CDP). In univariate analyses, a positive association was observed between mortality rates and both fasting and one-hour glucose levels. After adjustment for 38 other baseline characteristics, the strengths of these relationship were substantially diminished; however, an increased mortality persisted in patients with fasting glucose levels larger than or equal to 140 mg./dl. after adjustment for other risk variables. There exists some evidence of an increased mortality risk in users of oral hypoglycemic (OH) agents over that of nonusers at baseline in men with elevated baseline glucose levels. However, the results must be interpreted with great caution both because they are of only borderline statistical significance and also because various factors not recorded in the CDP might have influenced the results.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Oral hypoglycemic agents.

This article reviews the history of oral hypoglycemic agents in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It chronicles the rise and fall of the use of these agents as the major treatment modality for NIDDM, from their initial success in the late 1950's, to their being abandoned after the controversial findings of the University Group Diabetes Program, to their eventual resurgence as important agents in the management of hyperglycemia in NIDDM patients.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗