Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “collaborative cross”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) who fail to achieve catch up growth by 2-8 years of age are short from infancy to adulthood. Data from a cross-sectional study of 486 Spanish children.

AIMS AND METHODS: Postnatal growth was evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 486 Spanish children, 241 girls and 245 boys, born small for gestational age (SGA), without height catch-up growth between the ages of 2 and 8 years [height <-2SD of age- and sex-matched controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA)]. SGA was defined as birth weight and/or length values <-2SD of those of the born AGA control population. Weight and height values were grouped in 0.5+/-0.15-year intervals from birth to adult height and compared with those of age- and sex-matched controls born AGA. A total of 1,985 height measurements were recorded in girls and 2,113 in boys. Adult or near-adult height was reached in 50 girls and 42 boys. Mean, SD and mean Z-score values at each age interval were calculated. Dysmorphic syndromes and chronic illnesses were excluded. RESULTS: Mean height Z-score values ranged from -5.56 to -3.12 during the first two years of life and remained between -5.25 and -2.42 thereafter until adult height, and mean weight Z-score values ranged from -3.66 to -2.26 from birth to two years of age and remained between -3.05 and -0.94 thereafter until adult height. Mean Z-score values of near-adult or adult height were -2.83 in girls (n=50) and -2.74 in boys (n=42). Midparental adult height corrected for sex was -1.45 +/- 0.5 in girls (n=150) and -1.60 +/-0.6 in boys (n=185). Height +2SD values of SGA children were similar to -2SD values of age- and sex-matched AGA controls (non statistically significant). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that short children born SGA are shorter than children born AGA from the age of two years onwards and that their adult height is below that of their corresponding midparental height by more than 1 SD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Fluctuations in symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: the first 10 years of life.

OBJECTIVE: To describe patterns of clinical and immunologic progression in children who are vertically infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: Children who were born to mothers who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus in 11 European centers were enrolled at birth in a prospective study and followed according to a standard protocol. At each visit, a clinical and immunologic class was allocated according to guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progression to serious disease and death was assessed, allowing for available and actual antiretroviral therapy (ART). CDC class at each visit was assessed cross-sectionally. RESULTS: More than 15% of infected children will have progressed to category C or death by age 1 year and nearly 50% by 10 years. Just under 20% of children will have evidence of severe immunodeficiency by age 1 and 75% by 10 years. In general, immune status poorly reflected clinical condition. Children who were born after 1994, when the recommendation of earlier initiation of more active therapy was introduced, were significantly less likely to progress than those who were born when treatment was not widely available or was largely confined to zidovudine monotherapy. Estimated progression to CDC class C or death initially was faster in untreated than in treated children, but by 10 years estimated cumulative progression was similar in both groups. Treatment started before class C disease was associated with significantly slower progression. Cross-sectional analysis showed that children largely are symptom-free throughout their lives. After 4 years of age, fewer than 25% of infected children had symptoms at any one time, irrespective of ART received. CONCLUSION: Vertically infected children are without serious symptoms or signs for most of the time. The prognosis has improved with more widespread availability and use of combination ART. These findings have implications for health, education, and other support-service provision.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender, sexual abuse and risk behaviours in adolescents: a cross-sectional survey in schools in Goa.

BACKGROUND: There is little information on the prevalence and correlates of sexual abuse in adolescents in India. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of all Class XI students in eight higher secondary schools in Goa (n = 811 ) was conducted in March 2000. A self-report questionnaire, developed and piloted in collaboration with the adolescents, elicited information on education, mental health, risk behaviours and the experience of violence and sexual abuse in the previous year. RESULTS: A third of adolescents had experienced some form of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse experiences were associated with the experience of other forms of physical and verbal violence. Coercive sex had been experienced by approximately 6% of adolescents. These adolescents had significantly poorer academic performance, poorer mental and physical health, greater substance abuse, poorer parental relationships and higher rates of consensual sexual behaviours. Gender differences in the types of abuse and the associations with abuse were found. However, there was no difference between boys and girls in the rates of experience of coercive sexual intercourse. Differences in risks were found for urban and rural school students; while rural boys were more likely to have experienced coercive sexual intercourse than urban boys (10.3% v. 2.5%), urban girls were more likely to have experienced any form of sexual abuse than rural girls (37.2% v. 25.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Abuse and violence in school-based adolescents is a common experience and is associated with poorer health and greater prevalence of risk behaviours. Interventions aimed at improving adolescent reproductive health must incorporate personal safety, prevention of abuse, communication skills and mental health issues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

CCA addition by tRNA nucleotidyltransferase: polymerization without translocation?

The CCA-adding enzyme repairs the 3'-terminal CCA sequence of all tRNAs. To determine how the enzyme recognizes tRNA, we probed critical contacts between tRNA substrates and the archaeal Sulfolobus shibatae class I and the eubacterial Escherichia coli class II CCA-adding enzymes. Both CTP addition to tRNA-C and ATP addition to tRNA-CC were dramatically inhibited by alkylation of the same tRNA phosphates in the acceptor stem and TPsiC stem-loop. Both enzymes also protected the same tRNA phosphates in tRNA-C and tRNA-CC. Thus the tRNA substrate must remain fixed on the enzyme surface during CA addition. Indeed, tRNA-C cross-linked to the S. shibatae enzyme remains fully active for addition of CTP and ATP. We propose that the growing 3'-terminus of the tRNA progressively refolds to allow the solitary active site to reuse a single CTP binding site. The ATP binding site would then be created collaboratively by the refolded CC terminus and the enzyme, and nucleotide addition would cease when the nucleotide binding pocket is full. The template for CCA addition would be a dynamic ribonucleoprotein structure.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Correlates of blood pressure in an urban Zimbabwean population and comparison to other populations of African origin.

We have evaluated the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K), and tobacco use in an urban African population. We conducted a random, population-based, cross-sectional survey of people 25 years and older in Marondera, Zimbabwe, with over-sampling in older age groups (n = 775), using a method comparable to that used in International Collaborative Study on Hypertension in Blacks (ICSHIB). The age-adjusted prevalences of hypertension in Marondera (SBP >/=140/DBP >/=90/antihypertensive medication) were 30% for women and 21% for men. The average BMI was 26.3 kg/m2 for women and 21.4 kg/m2 for men. The prevalence of hypertension had a steep association with age and in women ranged from 15% (25-34 years) to 63% (55 years and over) and in men from 9% to 47%. No tobacco use in women and greater Na/K ratio in spot urines in men were significantly associated with an increased SBP. In both men and women the levels of hypertension and SBP were strongly positively associated with BMI, although the relationship appeared to plateau in women with a BMI greater than >/=25 kg/m2. At a given BMI, men and women had similar SBPs and prevalences of hypertension. There is a very high prevalence of hypertension among urban Zimbabweans, particularly among women. Under the assumption the studies are comparable, the prevalence of hypertension in Zimbabwean women (41%) and men (26%) after age adjustment to the ICSHIB populations, appeared higher than almost all of the ICSHIB populations, including those with higher average body mass indexes. Journal of Human Hypertension (2000) 14, 65-73.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[National reference centers for surveillance of infectious diseases in Switzerland: results of a delphi study].

The national reference laboratories are one of the tools used by public health authorities to control infectious diseases. The Swiss Confederation supports 9 national reference centers (NC), each dealing with a limited number of infectious agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if this network meets present day needs, whether it has to be redefined, and how it can be improved. Using the Delphi technique, 34 experts in the field of infectious diseases were questioned to establish a concept for NC in Switzerland. The main result of this study is that official reference laboratories are considered necessary. However, depending on the type of infectious agent, the following types of laboratories should be used: national reference centers, specialized laboratories and laboratories abroad. The study also defined criteria for the designation of NC, their field of action (general objectives, tasks, duration of the mandate, infectious agent to be monitored), evaluation criteria, and the type of funding. Furthermore, possible improvements in the present system were identified and the establishment of good collaborations with reference centers abroad was proposed.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed2005

A national study of medical student clinical skills assessment.

BACKGROUND: This study describes comprehensive standardized patient examinations in medical schools nationally. METHOD: We surveyed 121 medical school curriculum deans regarding their use of standardized patient assessments. Questions addressed examination characteristics, funding sources, and collaborations. RESULTS: A total of 91 of 121 curriculum deans responded (75% response rate). The majority (84%) of respondents report conducting a comprehensive clinical skills assessment during the third or fourth year of medical school. Most programs are funded with dean's office monies. Although many collaborate with other institutions for examination development, the majority of schools score and remediate students independently. Two-thirds of all respondents (61/91) report that the new standardized patient licensing requirement elevates the importance of in-house clinical skills examinations. CONCLUSIONS: Most medical schools now conduct comprehensive clinical skills assessments after the core clerkships, and collaboration is common. These results suggest increasing emphasis on clinical and communication skills competency and opportunities for collaborative research.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Canadian perspective on learning disabilities.

Canadian practice and research with children and adults with learning disabilities are described and analyzed. After an examination of the historical basis for current practice, the societal and cultural factors affecting education of children with learning disabilities, services for adults, and research are discussed. It was found that policy and legislation regarding special education vary considerably from province to province, and identification practices and service delivery models vary even within provinces. The fact that Canada has two official languages (English and French), a large multicultural community, and a Native population with special needs often arising from poverty has an impact on the education of children with learning disabilities and on sample description in research. Although school-age children are relatively well served, services for preschool children and adults with learning disabilities are minimal. The positive features of Canadian service delivery are that most programs are publicly funded, decision making tends to be nonadversarial and collaborative, and the needs of the whole child are typically considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Verbal creativity, depression and alcoholism. An investigation of one hundred American and British writers.

BACKGROUND: An earlier study of 291 world famous men had shown that only visual artists and creative writers were characterised, in comparison with the general population, by a much higher prevalence of pathological personality traits and alcoholism. Depressive disorders, but not any other psychiatric conditions, had afflicted writers almost twice as often as men with other high creative achievements. The present investigation was undertaken to confirm these findings in a larger and more comprehensive series of writers, and to discover causal factors for confirmed high prevalences of affective conditions and alcoholism in writers. METHOD: Data were collected from post-mortem biographies and, where applicable, translated into DSM diagnoses. The frequencies of various abnormalities and deviations were compared between poets, prose fiction writers, and playwrights. RESULTS: A high prevalence in writers of affective conditions and of alcoholism was confirmed. That of bipolar affective psychoses exceeded population norms in poets, who in spite of this had a lower prevalence of all kinds of affective disorders, of alcoholism, of personality deviations, and related to this, of psychosexual and marital problems, than prose fiction and play writers. CONCLUSIONS: A hypothesis is developed, which links the greater frequency of affective illnesses and alcoholism in playwrights and prose writers, in comparison with poets, to differences in the nature and intensity of their emotional imagination. This hypothesis could be tested by clinical psychologists collaborating with experts in literature on random samples of different kinds of writers.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality management, certification and rating of health information on the Net with MedCERTAIN: using a medPICS/RDF/XML metadata structure for implementing eHealth ethics and creating trust globally.

MedCERTAIN (MedPICS Certification and Rating of Trustworthy Health Information on the Net, http://www.medcertain.org/) is a recently launched international project funded under the European Union's (EU) "Action Plan for safer use of the Internet". It provides a technical infrastructure and a conceptual basis for an international system of "quality seals", ratings and self-labelling of Internet health information, with the final aim to establish a global "trustmark" for networked health information. Digital "quality seals" are evaluative metadata (using standards such as PICS=Platform for Internet Content Selection, now being replaced by RDF/XML) assigned by trusted third-party raters. The project also enables and encourages self-labelling with descriptive metainformation by web authors. Together these measures will help consumers as well as professionals to identify high-quality information on the Internet. MedCERTAIN establishes a fully functional demonstrator for a self- and third-party rating system enabling consumers and professionals to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. We aim to provide a trustmark system which allows citizens to place greater confidence in networked information, to encourage health information providers to follow best practices guidelines such as the Washington eHealth Code of Ethics, to provide effective feedback and law enforcement channels to handle user complaints, and to stimulate medical societies to develop standard for patient information. The project further proposes and identifies standards for interoperability of rating and description services (such as libraries or national health portals) and fosters a worldwide collaboration to guide consumers to high-quality information on the web.

Certification↗
PubMed2003

Health impact assessment needs in south-east Asian countries.

A situation analysis was undertaken to assess impediments to health impact assessment (HIA) in the South-East Asia Region of WHO (SEARO). The countries of the region were assessed on the policy framework and procedures for HIA, existing infrastructure required to support HIA, the capacity for undertaking HIA, and the potential for intersectoral collaboration. The findings show that environmental impact assessment (EIA) is being used implicitly as a substitute for HIA, which is not explicitly or routinely conducted in virtually all countries of the Region. Therefore, policy, infrastructure, capacity, and intersectoral collaboration need strengthening for the routine implementation of HIA.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed2004

The effect of individual characteristics on perceptions of collaboration in the work environment.

As the nursing shortage ensues, the need for recruiting and retaining highly skilled nurses committed to the organization will become necessary to maintain high-quality patient care. The primary role of nursing is to provide the best possible care to patients. To attain this goal, nurses must work in collaboration with other members of the health care team. The effect of team-orientation and organizational commitment on perceptions of nurse-physician collaboration in the work environment are examined.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Attitudes and knowledge of students in the allied health professions toward their future professional team members.

The investigators wished to explore final-year allied health students' knowledge of their future colleagues. A survey developed by Felsher and Ross (1994) was adapted and administered to 35 occupational therapy (OT), 35 physical therapy (PT), and 35 speech-language pathology (SLP) students. Findings suggested that all students had a good understanding and knowledge of their own professions. Differences were found among the three groups of students regarding their understanding of other disciplines and the overlap in OT and SLP roles. Specifically, OT and SLP students perceived their own professions as the primary providers of cognitive treatment. Ways to foster student understanding and collaboration are suggested.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

Plasma homocysteine levels in indigenous Australians.

OBJECTIVES: To determine plasma homocysteine levels in indigenous Australians living in urban areas, and the relationship of these levels with other risk factors in this population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 365 urban indigenous Australian subjects, 153 men and 212 women, mean (SE) age 42 (1) years, ascertained without regard to history of atherosclerotic disease, in collaboration with community-based health centres in five indigenous communities in south-east Queensland, 1997-1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma homocysteine levels, age, sex, smoking history, metformin therapy, history of atherosclerotic vascular disease, serum creatinine level, red cell folate and serum vitamin B12 levels. RESULTS: 89 subjects (24%) had plasma homocysteine levels 15 mumol/L or above. Homocysteine levels were higher in men than in women (men: 14.4 mumol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.6-15.2; women: 11.9 mumol/L; 95% CI, 11.4-12.5) (P < 0.001); correlated with age (P < 0.001); higher in current smokers (P = 0.02); higher in subjects taking metformin therapy (P = 0.007); and higher in subjects with a history of atherosclerotic vascular disease (P < 0.001). Homocysteine levels were also correlated with serum levels of creatinine (P < 0.001), red cell folate (P < 0.001), and vitamin B12 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the high plasma levels of homocysteine of Australian indigenous subjects are associated with a history of vascular disease, and correlated with, among other things, smoking, and folate and vitamin B12 nutritional deficiency. These are potentially reversible risk factors, and our data suggest that focusing public health initiatives on these issues may reduce the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Australian indigenous population.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Medical interviewing by exemplary family physicians.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the extent to which models of ideal physician-patient interviews are actually practiced by physicians. This study examined physician-patient communication during medical interviews by exemplary family physicians. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of verbal exchanges using 300 transcripts of office visits made to two groups of family physicians: 9 exemplars and 20 controls. The exemplars were family physicians with fellowship training in family therapy; the control group consisted of a convenience sample of board-certified family physicians with no special training in communication skills or counseling. Data were collected from June 1995 to July 1996. Physician statements were rated according to the Level of Physician Involvement model, which measures physicians' abilities to collaborate with patients and address the psychosocial concerns of patients and their families. Patient satisfaction ratings were obtained by a research assistant immediately after the visit. RESULTS: Compared with the control physicians, the exemplars showed higher levels of psychosocial involvement with patients during routine office visits. In particular, they involved patients more in the medical interview, offered more emotional support, and showed more family involvement. Despite this greater depth of involvement, the length of office visits did not differ between the two physician groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that exemplars were more involved with their patients and provided more family-oriented care than community physicians. Exemplars routinely applied a biopsychosocial approach, collaborating with patients and addressing psychosocial topics without sacrificing efficiency, while community physicians focused on biomedical issues.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacy clarification of prescriptions ordered in primary care: a report from the Applied Strategies for Improving Patient Safety (ASIPS) collaborative.

INTRODUCTION: Prescription errors threaten patient safety and pharmacists often contact providers for prescription clarification. This study describes the principal reasons pharmacies call primary care practices to clarify prescriptions and subsequent implications for quality and patient safety improvement. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 22 primary care practices participating in a patient safety study was performed. Callbacks from pharmacies were logged for 2 weeks to determine reasons for callbacks, most frequently involved drug classes, whether issues were resolved on the same day of the call, and variability of callbacks among practice types. Analyses were performed using frequencies, t tests, and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: Practices recorded 567 clarification calls, most frequently for prior authorization issues (n = 209; 37%), formulary issues (n = 148; 26%), and unclear/missing prescription dosages (n = 117; 21%). Drug classes most frequently requiring clarifications were gastrointestinal (n = 122; 21.7%), cardiovascular (n = 278; 13.9%), and analgesic/anesthetic (n = 74; 13.2%) agents. Issues were resolved on the same day 62% of the time. Residency practices averaged more issues per call (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Clarification calls made to primary care practices involve administrative and clinical issues, potentially impacting patient safety. Pharmacy callback data can identify potential prescription concerns, thereby helping practices develop interventions aimed at reducing errors and improving patient safety.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2000

Hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence among injecting drug users at selected needle and syringe programs in Australia, 1995-1997. Collaboration of Australian NSPs.

OBJECTIVES: To describe point prevalence of HCV antibody and relevant risk behaviour among people who inject drugs and who attended selected needle and syringe programs throughout Australia in 1995, 1996 and 1997. DESIGN AND SETTING: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of one week's duration were carried out in 21, 20 and 23 needle and syringe program sites throughout Australia in 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. PARTICIPANTS: All clients attending participating sites during the designated survey week were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire and provide a finger-prick blood sample for HCV antibody testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of HCV antibody. RESULTS: Survey response was 41% (n = 979) in 1995, 51% (n = 1463) in 1996 and 48% (n = 1699) in 1997. HCV prevalence declined significantly from 63% in 1995 to 51% in 1996 and 50% in 1997 (P < 0.001). Among respondents who reported injecting for less than three years, prevalence declined from 22% in 1995 to 13% in 1996 and 1997 (P < 0.001). Reported use of needles and syringes after someone else in the previous month declined from 31% in 1995 and 28% in 1996 to 15% in 1997 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite an apparent decline in HCV prevalence, carriage rates of HCV antibody remain high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Collaborative health care information system development through sharable infrastructure, services, and paradigms.

The Decision Systems Group has focused for several years on software architectures and software engineering approaches to support collaborative development for health care information systems. The goal is to be able to more readily develop complex applications that require integration of a variety of information resources. Our efforts are aimed at four primary capabilities: (1) a software environment, Arachne, for developing applications by incorporation of components created by disparate developers, developing component classes, for providing cross-platform graphical user interface support with remote rendering, and incorporating evolving software engineering standards; (2) a library of domain-specific components for medical applications; (3) a user interaction paradigm that provides a framework for applications that integrate both clinical data and other information resources for education and decision support; and (4) improved understanding of the collaborative process per se and the development of methodologies to support it.

Information Systems↗