Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vigor”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Personal, social, and physical environmental correlates of physical activity levels in urban Latinas.

BACKGROUND: Nationwide, Hispanic women report low levels of physical activity and bear excess health risk associated with inactivity. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity levels and sociodemographic, social environmental, and physical environmental factors. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, community-based convenience sample of 285 Hispanic/Latino women completed a face-to-face survey administered in Spanish. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following categories of physical activity were used in analyses: "meets current national recommendations," which includes women who reported engaging in moderate activity at least 5 days per week for at least 30 minutes or who engaged in vigorous activity at least 3 days per week for at least 20 minutes; "insufficiently active" for women not meeting moderate or vigorous objectives; and "inactive" for women who report no moderate or vigorous physical activity. RESULTS: The majority of women (46%) were aged 20 to 29 years, 48% have less than or equal to a high school education, 72% are employed, 43% speak Spanish, and 76% are from Central or South America. A total of 37% of the women met physical activity recommendations, 23% were inactive, and 40% were insufficiently active. Personal and physical environmental factors were not statistically significant correlates of activity level comparison groups; however, most indicated trends in the hypothesized direction. Social environmental factors that showed statistically significant relationships with various physical activity comparison groups included the following: Women were significantly less likely to be active if they reported knowing people who exercise (odds ratio [OR]=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.76), reported that there are people in the neighborhood who exercise (adjusted OR=0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.42), belonged to community groups (OR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.69), or attended religious services (OR=0.41; 95% CI, 0.41-0.72). CONCLUSION: Social environmental factors appeared to be the most important factors related to physical activity in this group of Latino women. Physical environment and personal factors, although not statistically significant, showed trends in expected directions and should be explored further.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the behavior of the curly tail and CBA mouse on a neurologic scale.

ct/ct mice are a mutation of the CBA strain with a high incidence of spina bifida (SB). Because humans with SB can exhibit abnormal behavior, we compared ct/ct and CBA mice using a neurologic assessment tool. ct/ct mice are more active and engage in more climbing, and stereotypical and compulsive behavior. When stimulated during cage removal ct/ct mice react more vigorously. ct/ct mice react more vigorously to a novel stimulus, and will vigorously search for a stable surface during visual placement. In the open field ct/ct mice crossed more lines and reared more than CBA. ct/ct mice demonstrated deficient performance in a modified Morris water maze. No differences were noted for other behaviors tested. The results argue that the mutation that produces SB in ct/ct mice also alters brain structure or chemistry. This is consistent with the findings in humans where SB can produce a variety of behavioral anomalies, most notably hyperactivity, attentional disorders, learning disabilities, and developmental lags.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Characteristics of the motor and genital copulatory responses of the male hamster.

The temporal and dynamic characteristics (duration, frequency, rhythmicity, and vigor) of pelvic thrusting displayed by 17 male golden hamsters during their copulatory behavioral responses: mounts, intromissions, ejaculations, and long intromissions, as well as their temporal correlation with the genital contacts established by intravaginal penile insertion, were studied by an accelerometric and polygraphic technique. Pelvic thrusting in all copulatory behavioral responses appeared as series or trains of rhythmical, synchronic, vigorous movements. The various pelvic thrusting trains lasted around 1 s on average, but those of mounts were significantly longer than the trains displayed in the other behavioral responses. The frequencies of pelvic thrusting were similar in all responses (around 15 thrusts per s) excepting mounts which had lower values. In intromission, ejaculation, and long intromission responses, when penile insertion occurred, pelvic thrusting either was interrupted or showed changes in its characteristics: penile insertion was related to a period without thrusting in intromissions, to a series of intravaginal thrusting of higher frequency (16.4 thrusts per s) and lower vigor in ejaculations, and to a prolonged period of 6 to 25 s of slow intravaginal pelvic thrusting (1-2 thrusts per s) in long intromissions. Penile insertion lasted longer in ejaculations than in intromissions and it was significantly shorter in both of these responses than in long intromissions. These results provide information about some dynamic aspects of sexual behavior in hamsters, as well as a temporal correlation between the motor and genital components of this behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Exercise, occupational activity, and risk of endometrial cancer.

We conducted a case-control study in western New York state among 232 women with newly-diagnosed endometrial cancer and 631 controls selected from the community. Physical activity was measured by participation in vigorous exercise and walking at four time periods: at age 16, and at 20, 10, and 2 years before the interview and by occupational activity based on a detailed lifetime history. Women who did a moderate amount of vigorous exercise at age 16 and at 20 years before the interview were at reduced risk as compared with those who reported no activity, with odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.31-0.83) and 0.50 (0.29-0.89), respectively. However, there was no evidence of declining risk with greater amount of activity. At later times, 10 years and 2 years before the interview, being in the highest group with regard to vigorous activity was associated with a slightly but nor significant lower risk as compared with women who reported no activity; the adjusted OR were 0.72 (0.43-1.19) and 0.67 (0.42-1.09), respectively. Being in the highest category of miles walked at age 16 (i.e., > or = 15 miles per week) was associated with a slightly reduced risk as compared with not walking at all (OR 0.64 (0.26-1.16)), whereas the number of miles walked at other times was not related to reduced risk. Occupational physical activity was not related to the risk of endometrial cancer. Overall, these results indicate that physical activity at levels prevalent in this population has at most a modest relationship to reduced risk of endometrial cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Relationships between perceptions of performance expectations and mood among distance runners: the moderating effect of depressed mood.

Recent research has proposed that depressed mood is the most important mood dimension due to its de-motivating nature. Lane and Terry (2000a) proposed that depressed mood influences the intensity of other mood dimensions, and moderates the nature of anger and tension. Distance runners (N = 188) completed the 24-item Profile of Mood States-A (POMS-A: Terry, Lane, Lane, & Keohane, 1999) and a 7-item Pre-race Questionnaire to assess Perceived Readiness and Course Suitability 1 hr. before competition. On the basis of scores on the POMS-A Depression subscale, participants were dichotomized into a No-depression group (n = 137) or a Depressed mood group (n = 51). MANOVA results indicated that the Depressed mood group reported significantly higher scores on Anger, Confusion, Fatigue, Tension with lower Vigor and Perceived Readiness. In the No-depression group, Vigor correlated with Perceived Readiness, whereas in the Depressed mood group, Vigor was associated more closely with Course Suitability than Perceived Readiness. Anger showed a positive relationship with Perceived Readiness in the No-depression group, and an inverse relationship with Perceived Readiness in the Depressed mood group. Collectively, findings lend support to the notion that mood and thoughts about performance are significantly associated. Further, findings show that depressed mood fosters a negative psychological state and moderates the nature of anger but not tension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Variability in behavioural risk factors for heart disease in an Australian aboriginal community.

The variability of three behavioural risk factors for heart disease--heavy alcohol and tobacco consumption and physical inactivity--was assessed in an Australian Aboriginal community, where heart disease death rates were high. Prevalence levels were assessed by comparison with those experienced by all adult Australians and by evaluating whether Aboriginal rates were influenced by underlying sociodemographic conditions. Relative risk ratios, odds ratios and logistic regression analysis were used. A total of 159 males and 114 females participated. Compared to all Australians, Aborigines are significantly more likely to drink five or more drinks on a drinking day, to be current smokers, and not to participate in vigorous exercise. In the Aboriginal community, univariate analysis indicates that: the odds of being a heavy drinker are significantly higher for those in unsatisfactory health; odds of being a current smoker are significantly higher for those in unsatisfactory health or unemployed; odds of not participating in vigorous exercise are significantly higher for those in unsatisfactory health, unemployed or without secondary education. Multivariate analysis shows unemployed or without secondary education. Multivariate analysis shows that risk of being a heavy drinker is independently associated with sex, age, and health status; risk of being a current smoker is associated with health and employment status. The risk of not participating in vigorous exercise is significantly related to all sociodemographic variables examined. Reasons for these associations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visuomotor properties of corticotectal cells in area 17 and posteromedial lateral suprasylvian (PMLS) cortex of the cat.

We studied the visuomotor activity of corticotectal (CT) cells in two visual cortical areas [area 17 and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian cortex (PMLS)] of the cat. The cats were trained in simple oculomotor tasks, and head position was fixed. Most CT cells in both cortical areas gave a vigorous discharge to a small stimulus used to control gaze when it fell within the retinotopically defined visual field. However, the vigor of the visual response did not predict latency to initiate a saccade, saccade velocity, amplitude, or even if a saccade would be made, minimizing any potential role these cells might have in premotor or attentional processes. Most CT cells in both areas were selective for direction of stimulus motion, and cells in PMLS showed a direction preference favoring motion away from points of central gaze. CT cells did not discharge with eye movements in the dark. During eye movements in the light, many CT cells in area 17 increased their activity. In contrast, cells in PMLS, including CT cells, were generally unresponsive during saccades. Paradoxically, cells in PMLS responded vigorously to stimuli moving at saccadic velocities, indicating that the oculomotor system suppresses visual activity elicited by moving the retina across an illuminated scene. Nearly all CT cells showed oscillatory activity in the frequency range of 20-90 Hz, especially in response to visual stimuli. However, this activity was capricious; strong oscillations in one trial could disappear in the next despite identical stimulus conditions. Although the CT cells in both of these regions share many characteristics, the direction anisotropy and the suppression of activity during eye movements which characterize the neurons in PMLS suggests that these two areas have different roles in facilitating perceptual/motor processes at the level of the superior colliculus.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Health-enhancing physical activity among Saudi adults using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

OBJECTIVES: To describe the physical activity profile of Saudi adults living in Riyadh, using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short-version telephone format. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed using the official Arabic short form of IPAQ, intended for use in telephone interview. The instrument asks for times spent in walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity of at least 10 min duration. The sample consisted of 1616 Saudis, between 15 and 78 years of age, living in Riyadh. Participants were drawn from a list of names in the telephone book using a simple random method. Telephone interviews were administered during the spring of 2003 by trained male interviewers. RESULTS: The final sample size was 1064 Saudi males and females (response rate of 66%), with males comprising about 66% of the respondents. Over 43% of Saudis did not participate in any type of moderate-intensity physical activity lasting for at least 10 min. More than 72% of the sample did not engage in any type of vigorous-intensity physical activity lasting for at least 10 min. The proportion of Saudis who walked for 150 min or more per week was 33.3%. Females were engaged more in moderate physical activity than males, whereas males participated more in vigorous activity compared with females. Activity levels did not show significant relationships with education level or job hours per week. Based on the three activity categories established by IPAQ, 40.6% of Saudis were inactive, 34.3% were minimally active and 25.1% were physically active. Physical inactivity increased with advancing age. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that the prevalence of physical inactivity among Saudis adults is relatively high. Efforts are needed to encourage Saudis to be more physically active, with the goal of increasing the proportion of Saudis engaging in health-enhancing physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Protection of tomato seed germination from the inhibitory effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid by inoculation of soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100.

The effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) on the germination and seedling vigor of different crop seeds was tested. Seeds of rice, maize, sorghum, finger millet, and horse gram were comparatively more tolerant to the chemical with no marked effect up to a concentration of 200 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1) as tested by the filter paper method. Tomato and brinjal (egg plant) were highly susceptible. Even at 5 and 10 mg 2,4,5-T L(-)(1), marked reduction in the germination and seedling vigor of tomato and egg plant, respectively, was observed. At 20 and 30 mg L(-)(1), the germination of tomato and egg plant seeds, respectively, were completely inhibited on filter paper, whereas the inhibitory concentrations in soil was 40 mg 2,4,5-T kg(-)(1) soil. Several abnormalities were observed in the chemically affected seedlings. Protease activity of the seeds germinating in the presence of the chemical was drastically reduced. Bioremediation of the chemically contaminated soil with Burkholderia cepacia AC1100, by inoculation of the soil 7 days before sowing the seeds, completely protected the seeds, resulting in normal germination and an improved seedling vigor.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Adenomatous polyp recurrence and physical activity in the Polyp Prevention Trial (United States).

OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the association between physical activity and adenomatous polyp recurrence. METHODS: Information on past year total physical activity was collected annually through an interview-administered questionnaire from the 1905 men and women enrolled in a randomized dietary intervention study, the Polyp Prevention Trial. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between physical activity and polyp recurrence in up to three years of follow-up from baseline colonoscopy. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between moderate, vigorous, or total physical activity at the start of the trial and overall polyp recurrence in either men or women. Participants who reported consistent vigorous activity throughout the trial period had no significantly reduced risk of polyp recurrence compared to those who reported consistent sedentary activity (OR = 0.8, CI = 0.5-1.1). Consistent vigorous activity was also not significantly associated with either advanced or multiple polyps, nor with polyp recurrence at any specific anatomical location in the large bowel. CONCLUSIONS: These prospective data suggest that recent physical activity is not associated with polyp recurrence in a three-year period.

Adenomatous Polyps↗
PubMed2000

Changes in body composition after a 12-wk aerobic exercise program in obese boys.

UNLABELLED: Previous studies have shown that vigorous aerobic training programs for obese children result in minimal weight changes, and concluded that they may not be beneficial. Weight change alone may not detect important beneficial changes in body composition associated with vigorous training in these children. Fifteen obese boys (aged 9-12 yr, body mass index (BMI) 31.8+/-6.5, average percent body fat (%BF) 41+/-4.2) underwent a supervised aerobic and resistance training program (12 wk, 2 days/wk for 30 min/session), to investigate the effects on weight and body composition. After the 3-month training period, weight loss averaged only 1.5+/-1.0 kg (not significant), but total body fat decreased by 4.1+/-1.8 kg (p<0.05) and fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2.6+/-1.1 kg (p<0.05) based on hydrostatic weighing. As a result, %BF fell by 10% (p<0.01). There was a 5.8+/-2.8 mL/kg/min (p<0.05) increase in peak volume of oxygen uptake (VO(2)), along with a 248+/-120 kcal/d (p<0.05) increase in resting energy expenditure (REE). Activity questionnaires showed a significant increase in high intensity recreational activities (6.5+/-1.5 vs 3.5+/-0.5 h physical activity/wk; p<0.01) in the home and a significant decrease in low intensity activities (7+/-2.0 vs 12+/-3.5 h TV viewing/wk; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous supervised aerobic training in obese boys has beneficial effects on body composition, fitness and leisure time activities that are not apparent by measurement of changes in body weight alone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Comparison of barriers self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control for explaining physical activity across 1 year among adolescent girls.

The absence of longitudinal data about correlates of physical activity during adolescence has hindered the identification of key mediator variables that can be targeted by interventions. Building on the authors' previous report of a cross-sectional analysis, this study compared barriers self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control as predictors of change in 2 levels of physical activity across a 1-year period among a sample of Black and White adolescent girls (N=1,038). Self-efficacy did not predict change in either moderate or vigorous physical activity. In contrast, perceived behavioral control exhibited a longitudinal, independent relationship with change in vigorous physical activity. The authors concluded that perceived behavioral control is an independent predictor of change in vigorous physical activity levels across a 1-year period among a sample of Black and White adolescent girls and warrants study as a potential mediator variable in interventions designed to increase or maintain physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Racial differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity in prepubertal children: role of physical fitness and physical activity.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate in prepubertal children whether physical fitness and/or physical activity are: 1) associated with insulin secretion and sensitivity and 2) account for racial differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Subjects included 34 African American and 34 white nondiabetic children aged 5 to 11 years. Data were divided into two sets according to the availability of VO2max and physical activity data. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and intra-abdominal adipose tissue were examined by computed tomography. Insulin sensitivity (S1) and acute insulin response (AIR) were determined by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. An all-out, progressive treadmill exercise test was used for measuring VO2max. Physical activity data were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS: African American children had lower SI and higher AIR than white children, after adjusting for total body fat mass. African Americans reported higher levels of physical activity (hours/wk) than whites, but had a lower VO2max. In multiple linear regression analysis, hours/wk of activity and hours/wk of vigorous activity, but not moderate activity, were independently related to SI and AIR after adjusting for race, total body fat mass or fat distribution, and total lean tissue mass. VO2max was not related to AIR, and was inversely related to SI, after adjusting for body composition. Race remained significantly associated with both SI and AIR, even after adjusting for body composition, fat distribution, and hours/wk of activity or hours/wk of vigorous activity. DISCUSSION: In summary, overall physical activity and, especially, vigorous activity were associated with insulin secretion and sensitivity. However, neither physical activity nor VO2max explained the racial difference in insulin secretion (higher in African Americans) and sensitivity (lower in African Americans). Thus, racial (African American to white) differences in aspects of insulin action seem to be due to factors other than body composition, fat distribution, cardiovascular fitness, and amount of physical activity.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

Validation and calibration of physical activity monitors in children.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to validate accelerometer-based activity monitors against energy expenditure (EE) in children; to compare monitor placement sites; to field-test the monitors; and to establish sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous threshold counts. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Computer Science and Applications Actigraph (CSA) and Mini-Mitter Actiwatch (MM) monitors, on the hip or lower leg, were validated and calibrated against 6-hour EE measurements by room respiration calorimetry, activity by microwave detector, and heart rate by telemetry in 26 children, 6 to 16 years old. During the 6 hours, the children performed structured activities, including resting metabolic rate (RMR), Nintendo, arts and crafts, aerobic warm-up, Tae Bo, treadmill walking and running, and games. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) computed as EE - RMR was regressed against counts to derive threshold counts. RESULTS: The mean correlations between EE or AEE and counts were slightly higher for MM-hip (r = 0.78 +/- 0.06) and MM-leg (r = 0.80 +/- 0.05) than CSA-hip (r = 0.66 +/- 0.08) and CSA-leg (r = 0.73 +/- 0.07). CSA and MM performed similarly on the hip (inter-instrument r = 0.88) and on the lower leg (inter-instrument r = 0.89). Threshold counts for the CSA-hip were <800, <3200, <8200, and > or = 8200 for sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous categories, respectively. For the MM-hip, the threshold counts were <100, <900, <2200, and > or = 2200, respectively. DISCUSSION: The validation of the CSA and MM monitors against AEE and their calibration for sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous thresholds certify these monitors as valid, useful devices for the assessment of physical activity in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Dose-dependent effects of training and detraining on weight in 6406 runners during 7.4 years.

OBJECTIVE: Prior randomized and non-randomized training studies have failed to establish a dose-response relationship between vigorous exercise and weight loss; this failure may be due, in part, to their short durations and small sample sizes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether exercise reduces body weight and to examine the dose-response relationships between changes in exercise and changes in total and regional adiposity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: This was a large prospective study of 3973 men and 1444 women who quit running (detraining), 270 men and 146 women who started running (training), and 420 men and 153 women who remained sedentary during 7.4 years of follow-up. The outcomes measured were weekly running distance, body weight, BMI, body circumferences, and bra cup size. RESULTS: There were significant inverse relationships between the changes in the amount of vigorous exercise (km/wk run) and the changes in weight and BMI in men (slope +/- standard error: -0.039 +/- 0.005 kg/km per week and -0.012 +/- 0.002 kg/m(2) per km/wk, respectively) and in older women (-0.060 +/- 0.018 kg/km per week and -0.022 +/- 0.007 kg/m(2) per km/wk) who quit running, and in initially sedentary men (-0.098 +/- 0.017 kg/km per week and -0.032 +/- 0.005 kg/m(2) per km/wk) and women (-0.062 +/- 0.023 kg/km per week and -0.021 +/- 0.008 kg/m(2) per km/wk) who started running. Changes in waist circumference, an indicator of intra-abdominal fat, were also inversely related to changes in running distance in men who quit (-0.026 +/- 0.005 cm/km per week) or started running (-0.078 +/- 0.017 cm/km per week). DISCUSSION: The initiation of vigorous exercise and its cessation decrease and increase, respectively, body weight and intra-abdominal fat, and these changes are proportional to the change in exercise dose.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Predictors of weight change in men: results from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

OBJECTIVE: Since the prevalence of adult obesity is increasing in the United States, we examined the effect of changing common habits (exercise, TV viewing, smoking and eating habits) on four year change in body weight. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of US male health professionals with follow-up from 1988-1992. Participants were 19478 men aged 40-75 in 1986, who were free of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. METHODS: Multiple regression was used to determine the association between four year change in body weight (from 1988-1992) and common habits, after adjusting for baseline age, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS: For middle aged men, vigorous activity was associated with weight reduction and TV/VCR viewing and eating between meals with weight gain. Quitting smoking and a history of voluntary weight loss prior to the study period were consistently related to weight increase. Recently being on a diet was more strongly associated with weight loss among older men. Over the four year follow-up period, middle-aged men who increased their exercise, decreased TV viewing and stopped eating between meals, lost an average weight of -1.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.6 - -1.1 kg), compared to a weight gain of 1.4 kg among the overall population. The prevalence of obesity among middle-aged men was lowest among those who maintained a relatively high level of vigorous physical activity, compared to those who were relatively sedentary. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that improvement in the mix of health habits, particularly increasing vigorous activity, as well as decreasing TV use and changing eating habits, results in weight maintenance or a modest weight loss over four years.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Implications of the traditional and the new ACSM physical activity recommendations on weight reduction in dietary treated obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptance of the traditional American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) exercise recommendation (20-60 min of vigorous exercise at least three times per week) and of the new, broader Centers for Disease Control (CDC)/ACSM physical activity recommendation (30 min of moderate intensity activities on most days of the week) in an obese population and to elucidate the implications of meeting these recommendations on weight reduction during dietary treatment. DESIGN: Prospective dietary intervention study of 1000 kcal diet daily. SUBJECTS: 109 obese subjects (age: 45.6 +/- 13.1 y, body mass index (BMI): 38.1 +/- 6.0 kg/m2, (Female/Male: 81/19%) MEASUREMENTS: The time spent in moderate (3-6 MET, metabolic equivalents) and vigorous (6-10 MET) physical activities was assessed by use of the Stanford-7-Day-Physical-Activity-Recall-Questionnaire, with subsequent allocation of the subjects to one of three physical activity groups: meeting the traditional recommendation (TR), the new recommendation (NR) or neither of both (SED, sedentary subjects). Physical activity level, physical activity energy expenditure, total energy expenditure (based upon the questionnaire) and resting metabolic rate (by standard equation) were estimated at baseline. Body weight was determined at baseline and after a mean of 16.3 weeks of dietary treatment. RESULTS: The new, broader recommendation was met by twice as many of the obese subjects (34%) as was the traditional recommendation (17%). Weight reduction at follow up (-8.2 +/- 6.5 kg, 16.3 +/- 4.3 weeks, mean +/- s.d.) was positively correlated with the physical activity level at baseline (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Meeting either the traditional or the new recommendation was associated with greater weight loss [-11.9 +/- 8.5 kg (TR) and -10.1 +/- 6.4 kg (NR), respectively, not statistically significant (NS)] as compared to being sedentary [-6.5 +/- 5.2 kg (SED), P < 0.05 vs both NR and TR]. CONCLUSIONS: Not only participation in vigorous exercise, but also regular engagement in moderate intensity physical activities, as recently recommended by the CDC/ACSM, predicts greater weight reduction during dietary treatment, compared to being sedentary. The new, broader physical activity recommendation appears to be more readily accepted by obese subjects than the former ACSM recommendation on exercise training.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Splenic but not thymic autoreactive T cells from New Zealand Black mice respond to a dominant erythrocyte Band 3 peptide.

Previous work from our laboratory suggested that erythrocyte Band 3 peptide 861-874 is the dominant epitope recognized by splenic T cells from adult New Zealand Black (NZB) mice that are developing autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Here, it is shown that splenic T cells from 6-week-old NZB mice mount a vigorous in vitro proliferative response to peptide 861-874 and some other selected Band 3 peptides. As the donors grow older, splenic T cells respond to an increasing number of Band 3 peptides and the magnitude of their response also becomes greater. Splenic T cells from 3-week-old NZB mice still responded vigorously to peptide 861-874 and Band 3. By contrast, neither thymocytes nor single-positive CD4-enriched thymus cells from NZB mice responded to peptide 861-874 or Band 3, although they responded to concanavalin A (Con A). However, thymocytes from mice expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR)-specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide Ac 1-9 responded vigorously to Ac 1-9. It is considered that the T-cell response of NZB mice to Band 3 is initially focused on peptide 861-874 and later spreads to other Band 3 peptides as the disease progresses and that peptide 861-874-reactive T cells are primed in the periphery rather than the thymus.

Aging↗