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PubMed1999

Order of selection in vocational rehabilitation: implications for the transition from school to adult outcomes for youths with learning disabilities.

Interagency cooperation between special education and vocational rehabilitation (VR) is central to ensuring the continuity of services to young adults with disabilities who are in transition from school to adult living. However, the interface between special education and VR may be complicated by order of selection, an equally binding mandate in federal VR policy to provide priority services to individuals with the most severe disabilities. Because students with learning disabilities are typically perceived as having mild rather than severe disabilities, these youths are most at risk for falling through the cracks in the service landscape once they leave the school setting in states where the VR agency is implementing an order of selection procedure. This article identifies and discusses common impediments to collaborative transition planning for students with learning disabilities that may be intensified when the state VR agency is operating under an order of selection plan. Recommendations are provided to facilitate greater interagency cooperation among schools and VR agencies so that transition planning and implementation for students with learning disabilities is not subverted as a result of the order of selection mandate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Vocational outcomes of individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in a supported competitive employment program.

The objective of this paper is to report on the vocational outcomes of individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in a supported competitive employment (SCE) program. A total of 458 subjects enrolled in the present SCE program which was developed on the basis of the Supported Employment Model developed by Wehman [23] and the principles of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) developed by Becker and Drake [5]. Of the 458 subjects, 308 (67.3%) obtained competitive employment. The mean job tenure was 134 days. The mean salary was $4,740 for full-time jobs and was $2,321 for part-time jobs. The majority of subjects (59.4%) could sustain their job placement for more than 30 days, 74 (24.0%) subjects could work for more than six months, and 38 (12.3%) could maintain the job for more than one year. Subjects who became employed were compared to those who did not gain employment on a variety of demographic variables. Significant differences were found between two groups in terms of sex and source of referral. The rate of employment in the current study was slightly higher, but the job retention rate was lower than in earlier studies. Recommendations for future research on evaluation of the effectiveness of SCE program are suggested.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

A study of well-being among a population of Swedish workers using a job-related criterion-referenced multidimensional vocational assessment.

OBJECTIVES: This study involved Swedish workers (n = 106) who perform jobs categorized into four occupational groups from Jist's Enhanced Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) (Technical, Clerical, Service and Miscellaneous occupations) [1]. The workers capacity for work were investigated according to the Criterion Referenced Multidimensional Vocational Assessment (CMVA) comprising four aspects (described below), which were assessed in 14 different ways using 465 items. METHOD: The participants were interviewed [2], observed during performance of simulated work tasks [3], and answered mailed questionnaires [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. The collected data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and the tests of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, ANOVA, Chi-square, linear regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The participants' work contained different level of occupationally substantive complexity showing that the work demands were different for the four work groups. For some of the participants ill-health were detected; The workers' work skills, e.g., the demands (VALPAR work samples) [3] the jobs required of the worker was higher than 14 of the workers' capacity for work. It was remarkable that many of the workers (34%) estimated themselves in need for rehabilitative measures (Functional Status Questionnaire) [12,13]. The results suggested that there was a negative discrepancy of what the workers' valued and strived for in connection to what they had attained in their work-lives [15,16]. The psychosocial work environment influenced the worker both positively and negatively. Participants (about 17%) who are performing their usual work for at least 20 hours a week had risks for ill-health [6]. In several components of CMVA there were significant differences between male and female workers, probably showing that the female workers had a greater burden to perform all the myriad of daily occupations (Self-Assessed Capabilities to Perform Daily Occupations) [7] including salaried work.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Disability and job stress: Implications for vocational rehabilitation planning.

Because people with disabilities often experience an increased risk for physical and psychological complications of job stress, vocational rehabilitation professionals must be able to (a) identify individual and work-environmental risk factors for job stress and (b) design appropriate interventions to minimize those risk factors. The purpose of this article is to (a) present two models of occupational stress, (b) examine factors common to each of these models that are associated with employee health and well-being, and (c) suggest implications for rehabilitation planning.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Transition strategies for youths with sensory impairments: Educational, vocational and independent living considerations.

Students with sensory impairments comprise a heterogeneous group that is often underserved by rehabilitation and other social services. This underserved status has been attributed to poor interagency collaboration and eligibility issues, the low incidence nature of these disabilities, and the shortage of trained professionals to address the specialized needs of these individuals. This article examines important educational and vocational characteristics of this population to assist rehabilitation professionals in supporting more effective transitions into employment and other adult roles. Specific transition considerations include unique learning challenges, assessment issues, assistive technology, and accommodations. The article concludes with strategies for transition planning, community integration, and evaluating transition outcomes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of occupational stress on cardiovascular function of different vocational population].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of occupational stress on cardiovascular function of different vocational population. METHODS: The occupational stressors, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were investigated by questionnaire in 839 people with 4 kinds of jobs. Blood pressure, sugar, and lipid were detected at the same time. RESULTS: Blood pressure were higher in the groups of old age, long standing and teachers, and the abnormal rate of blood pressure was 21.69%. There was no difference in abnormal ECG among ages, standing and occupation, and the abnormal rate of ECG was 19.07%. Job control, job demands, job responsibility, role in a job and shift work were the main stress factors affecting systolic and diastolic blood pressure. More conflict in job, less chance of participation, severe job loads were the risk factors of primary hypertension. Accident due to job responsibility, job responsibility, role in a job were the main risk factors of abnormal electrocardiograph. Self-respect and activity beyond work were the good modifiers of heart function. CONCLUSION: Occupational stress has certain effect on cardiovascular function.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Current challenges facing the technological and vocational nursing education in Taiwan].

The technological and vocational education nursing system (TVE) has been the major source of nursing labor in Taiwan. As educational reform progresses, entry into nursing practice will soon mean that all nurses hold at least an associate nursing degree, which will be a milestone in the nursing history of Taiwan. However, the ecology of nursing is fast-altering, so in order to produce competent nurses, endeavors are required to renovate the current TVE system of nursing. In this article, the author brings years of personal experience as a nursing educator to bear in raising several key issues relating to the TVE system of nursing education.

Education, Nursing↗
PubMed2004

[The relationship between dysmenorrhea and menstrual attitudes among female students in vocational nursing schools].

This research involved a cross-sectional investigation. An Essential background questionnaire and the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire (MAQ) were used in the study. The purpose was to explore the relationship between dysmenorrhea and menstrual attitudes among female students in vocational nursing schools. Data collection was performed by questionnaire in school classes. Data were recorded using Microsoft Excel, and analyzed by JMP5.0. Essential background information was compared by t-test and Chi-square test, and menstrual attitudes by t-test. Eight hundred and five students answered the questionnaire, and 760 responses (94.4%) were valid. Among the valid sample, 557 respondents (73.3%) had experienced dysmenorrhea during the previous half year. This group was named the dysmenorrhea group. The other 203 students (26.7%) who had experienced no dysmenorrhea during the previous half year were called the non-dysmenorrhea group. Results of the study showed that the dysmenorrhea group agreed that "Menstruation is a debilitating event," and on the importance of "Anticipation and prediction of the onset of menstruation" more than the non-dysmenorrhea group. Markedly more of the non-dysmenorrhea group than of the dysmenorrhea group that agreed, "Menstruation has no effect". As to the propositions that "Menstruation is a bothersome event," and "Menstruation is a natural event," there were no significant differences between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Health of the oral cavity of 18-years old students in vocational schools without dental care.

63 18-year-old students of both sexes of vocational school of gastronomic profile were examined. The state of hard tissues of teeth was assessed on the basis of the DMF number, that of periodontium according to the CPI index and the hygiene of the oral cavity - using the simplified OHI index of Greene and Vermillion. The thickness of the dental plaque was estimated on the basis of its colour, using Red-Coty tablets produced by Butler. A group of 14 students specializing in production of cakes was isolated as an increased risk group. In the studied group of students a 100 percent frequency of dental carries was found. The average DMF value for all students was 11.6 and average D = 5.5; for the group of increased risk the DMF value was 12.8 and D = 8.0. For 80.7 percent of the examined students the hygiene of the oral cavity was good (OHI index - code 1); the state of the periodontium was as follows: 62 percent of students had dental scale (CPI index - code 2) and the occurrence of gingival bleeding was found for 38 percent of the students (CPI index - code 1).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The vocation of the general physician].

The practice of general medicine by a physician may be a consequence of the lack of opportunity to become a specialist, but it also may be the result of a particular vocation where the patient is ranked above the disease, the organism above the organs, the people above the illnesses, width over depth, the subject over the object, the common above the exotic, and the physician's own skills above an arsenal of devices.

Career Choice↗
PubMed2005

Prediction of vocational outcome of people with brain injury after rehabilitation: a discriminant analysis.

Due to advancements in emergency evacuation procedures and neurosurgical techniques, more patients with brain injury (BI) can survive cerebral injury and regain a satisfactory degree of recovery through rehabilitation. Their improvement in physical and cognitive functions can facilitate their reintegration into the community, especially their return to work (RTW). Different factors were reported to affect this rate of RTW in previous studies. This retrospective study thus aimed to investigate the role of demographic data, the severity of injury, residual physical deficits, activities of daily living, and cognitive function using a stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA). Data sets for 79 persons with BI were retrieved so as to identify predictors of their vocational outcomes upon discharge and during a follow-up period. The stepwise DFA revealed that the discharge score on the Disability Rating Scale (DRS), the attention-subtest of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) or Cognistat, and pre-morbid occupation were significant predictors that correctly classified 65.8% of the subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of teaching by Family Medicine Programme vocational trainees.

Family Medicine Programme vocational trainees are requested to assess by means of a detailed questionnaire the teaching they have received in their general practice training attachments. This paper describes the methods and presents the results of a survey of South Australian and Northern Territory trainees over a three year period. The results show that a survey by questionnaires is an effective method of measuring perceived standards of teaching in training practices.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1989

Determinants of vocational disability in patients with low back pain.

Eighty-seven unemployed subjects with low back pain were recruited from an orthopedic back pain clinic and were given a battery of physical and psychologic tests. Subjects were contacted six months later to determine their current compensation status and whether they had returned to work. Age, length of time out of work, how much they had lifted in their previous job, the number of weeks they had been compensated, current activity levels, leg pain, and various psychologic factors significantly differentiated those who worked from those who did not. Physical examination findings and testing of the ability to lift were not significantly related to return to work. It is suggested that demographic, job-related, and psychologic factors should be emphasized, rather than only physical capacity, in the evaluation of vocational potential and the assessment of disability in patients with low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

History of vocational training for general practice: the 1970s and 1980s.

During the 1970s and 1980s, vocational training for general practice developed from experimental beginnings to become established nationwide. Committees were set up nationally and regionally and methods devised for the approval of training practices. Important publications related to the discipline of general practice and to educational methodology appeared. The problems that remain include the absence of a compulsory assessment prior to entering general practice and the low remuneration for course organizers.

England↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the experiences of trainees seeking employment after completion of their vocational training.

Two thousand questionnaires were sent to doctors receiving a certificate of prescribed or equivalent experience from the Joint Committee on Postgraduate Training for General Practice over a two-year period. More than 1,400 forms were returned.Seventeen per cent of respondents from 1982 experienced unemployment on completion of their vocational training and this figure had almost doubled by 1983. Some groups of people experienced more problems than others in finding employment but most respondents eventually found a post in which they were happy. Likewise, approval periods and parity varied considerably, and the majority of respondents appeared satisfied with what they achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A method of assessment during vocational training: report of a pilot study.

Problems arising from the present rate of failure of vocational trainees in the MRCGP examination are outlined; and the role of formative assessment during training in reducing this rate is considered. A study is described in which trainees in a number of centres were assessed by a method designed to measure specified cognitive abilities and areas of knowledge. The method, based on written papers, provides each candidate with a profile of performance and generates comparative standards. Reliability of marking, the distribution of candidate-scores within and between areas of assessment and techniques for monitoring the effectiveness of questions are reported. Use of the method by College as an educational service to trainees is considered, along with its potential as a Part I MRCGP examination.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1979

The history of vocational training for general practice.

We feel that it is worth recording the story of how vocational training for general practice was first proposed, how the earliest experiments were started, and how this prolonged exercise in teamwork developed throughout the UK. It is appropriate to do this now that Parliament has recently voted that this training should be an obligation for all doctors who wish to work as general practitioner principals in the NHS. Moreover, the first person to exert a crucial influence, Henry Cohen (Lord Cohen of Birkenhead) has recently died.We write this account in historical sequence, not comprehensively, but selecting what in retrospect we believe to have been of chief importance. We describe initiatives at first unrelated to each other, but all contributing to one end. As the story unfolds, so does coordination in the common effort. The account ends at 1970.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1979

Environmental influences on vocational interest development in adolescents from adoptive and biological families.

Family influences on vocational interest development were studied by hypothesizing that parents with similar interests are more likely to have adolescents who also develop those interests than are parents whose interests are very divergent. In order to unconfound genetic and environmental influences, the 844 parents and adolescent children in 114 biologically related and 101 adoptive families completed the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory. Parent-child interest difference scores were regressed on parent-parent difference scores (PPDIF), a dummy variable for family type, and the interaction between family type and PPDIF. For all parent-child pairs except mother-son, greater PPDIF scores predicted greater parent-child difference scores (indicating influence of family environment), and there was no family type X PPDIF interaction (indicating that the environmental influence was operating in both biological and adoptive families). Evidence of genetic variance in interest sytyes was also confirmed.

Adolescent↗