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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The role of epithelial cell differentiation in the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 in normal human oral mucosa in culture.

We have examined by immunofluorescent antibody staining technique the expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in organ cultures of the normal human oral mucosa. The expression of HSV-1 antigen was found selectively in the epithelial cell layers in relatively undifferentiated states such as basal layer and lower prickle cell layer in addition to the basement membrane. When the epithelial cells dissociated from the oral mucosa were infected with HSV-1 and association of the HSV-1 expression with the cellular differentiation was examined, the epithelial cells containing laminin in an undifferentiated state were permissive for the expression of HSV-1 antigen whereas terminally differentiated epithelial cells with the cornified envelope did not express HSV-1 antigen. These findings indicate that the expression of HSV-1 antigen is restricted in the mucosal epithelial cells in a differentiated state, although the possibility that the cornified envelope might protect the cells from infection is not excluded.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of African swine fever virus in cultured swine monocytes by phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and by phosphonoformic acid (PFA).

The use of phosphonoacetic (PAA) and phosphonoformic acid (PFA) as inhibitors of African swine fever virus (ASFV) replication in porcine monocytes/macrophages (MO) was investigated. At concentrations sufficient to inhibit replication, hemadsorption, and cytopathogenic damage by high inocula of ASFV, both antiviral agents were cytostatic and suppressed the DNA-synthetic growth response of porcine MO to the MO-specific colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). PAA and PFA inhibited ASFV-associated DNA-synthesis in the cytoplasm of infected swine MO. Using ASFV-specific monoclonal antibodies in immunebinding assays and in immunoprecipitation analysis of radiolabeled proteins of infected MO, PAA and PFA inhibited the synthesis of ASFV proteins of 13, 73, and 150/220 kDa, and caused a variable inhibition in the synthesis of a 12 kDa ASFV protein. These antiviral drugs, however, did not prevent the appearance of an early 32 kDa ASFV protein. The cytostatic and virus-suppressive effects of PAA and PFA could be reversed. ASFV resumed growth in infected MO cultures, if the cells maintained in medium with CSF-1 were removed from the antivirals before 1 week of drug exposure. With prolonged exposure to PAA or PFA (beyond 1 week), ASFV could not be recovered from infected MO cultures.

African Swine Fever Virus↗
PubMed1988

Effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on virus replication and maturation.

At intermediate concentrations of DMSO the yields of infectious virus and biologically active hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of an influenza A virus (fowl plague virus) and of reassortants therefrom are enhanced severalfold, even though viral protein synthesis is not significantly affected. A corresponding enhancing effect was also found with New castle disease and Semliki Forest viruses. At elevated concentrations of DMSO virus yield decreases, and under these conditions the synthesis of the late influenza virus proteins is specifically inhibited. The results indicate that DMSO can facilitate the assembly of virus particles, and viral components, which are normally produced in surplus amounts, now contribute to the maturation of infectious particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Further characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus induced early proteins in permissive and nonpermissive cells.

Some of the properties of the immediate-early (IE) and early proteins induced by the murine cytomegalovirus (Smith strain) were examined in permissively infected 3 T 3-L 1 cells, and in non-permissively infected J 774A.1 (mouse macrophage) and human fibroblast cells, in order to determine differences that could account for the restriction in virus replication in the latter two cell lines. The different virus induced proteins had distinctive partitioning characteristics between nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The 96 K major IE protein had an exclusively nuclear association, as did the most abundant early proteins of 39 K and 36 K. The other viral proteins however were evenly distributed between nucleus and cytoplasm. In general these patterns were also seen in the infected non-permissive cells. Several proteins showed more than one charge isomer on two-dimension gels, and in addition five IE proteins and two early proteins were phosphorylated. Only two differences between the permissive and nonpermissive infections were observed; the IE proteins of 100 K and 89 K when synthesized in the human cells had a stronger affinity for the nuclear fraction; also a phosphorylated form of the 30 K IE protein was not detected in MCMV infected J 774 A.1 cells.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1990

Immunological characterization of the Marin County strain of astrovirus.

Marin County virus (MCV) was isolated from a stool suspension and serially propagated in human embryonic kidney cell cultures. MCV particles in stool and cell-propagated virus stocks showed reactivity by immune electron microscopy (IEM) with rabbit antiserum to astrovirus type 5. MCV antigen was also detected in two MCV stool samples by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with an astrovirus group-specific monoclonal antibody. Acute and convalescent sera from 3 of 3 MCV-infected patients showed seroconversion to cell-propagated MCV by EIA. Immunofluorescence of MCV propagated in cell culture showed positive reactivity with an astrovirus group specific monoclonal antibody and astrovirus type 5 antiserum, with some cross-reactivity with astrovirus type 1. Similar results were obtained with the prototype strain of astrovirus type 5. However, in plaque-reduction assays, both the prototype astrovirus type 5 and MCV were neutralized by type 5 antiserum only. We conclude that MCV can be serially propagated by techniques used for previously described astroviruses and is serotypically an astrovirus type 5.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Host-dependent temperature-sensitive growth of HVJ (Sendai virus) wild-type in rat glioma C 6 cells.

At non-permissive temperature viral specific RNA synthesis was not restricted in rat glioma (C 6) cells infected with HVJ (Sendai virus) wild-type. However, as has previously been shown (J Gen Virol [1984] 65: 639-643), the synthesis of M protein was reduced at non-permissive temperature, in contrast to the L, P, HN, Fo and NP proteins which were synthesized in comparable amounts at permissive and non-permissive temperatures. In this report we show additionally that viral nucleocapsids (NC), which consist of L, P and NP proteins, were formed within the infected cells at both temperatures. Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities were also detected in samples incubated at non-permissive temperature. By membrane immunofluorescence and cell-surface immunoprecipitation it was shown that migration of HN and Fo proteins to the cell surface occurred normally at non-permissive temperature. Additionally, the L, P and NP proteins, which were associated with the plasma membrane isolated from the infected cells maintained at permissive temperature, were absent from the membrane of cells incubated at non-permissive temperature. These results suggest that NC and glycoproteins synthesized at non-permissive temperature could not assemble effectively at the plasma membrane because of a lack of M protein. Thus, the host-dependent ts lesion of HVJ in C 6 cells was considered to be mainly in M protein synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Inhibitory effect of diamidinophenylindole on the replication of influenza virus in permissive cellular hosts. Brief report.

The production of avian and human strains of influenza virus was altered to various extents by treatment of various host cells with 40 micrograms/ml of diamidinophenylindole (DAPI). In infected LLC-MK 2 cells only an abortive replication cycle occurred; in other cell lines there was partial inhibition or no inhibition of replication. Virus polypeptide synthesis in LLC-MK 2 cells was confined to the early pattern of viral multiplication; only the P proteins, the nucleoprotein NP, and the non-structural protein NS 1 were synthesized. The stage of replication mainly affected by DAPI was between the fourth and the sixth hour after infection. The mode of action of the drug and its modulating effect on virus production is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Serial passage of murine K-papovavirus in primary cultures of mouse embryo cells. Brief report.

Murine K-papovavirus was serially passaged 10 times in primary cultures of mouse embryo cells, using cell suspensions and media from infected cultures to inoculate fresh flasks at each passage level. Titers of K virus infectivity in cell suspensions and media rose during serial passage, but viral hemagglutinating activity was not detected in cells or media before the 10th passage. Although the infectivity of K virus for mouse embryo cultures was enhanced by serial passage, lethality of the virus for suckling mice was lost. The present study represents the first successful serial transmission of K virus infection in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Establishment of a feline T-lymphoblastoid cell line highly sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus.

Interleukin-2 dependent feline T-lymphoblastoid cells designated as MYA-1 cells were established. The cells were free from exogenous retroviruses and sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). FIV can grow more efficiently in MYA-1 cells than in feline primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This line of cells will be useful not only for isolation and propagation of FIV, but also for further investigation of properties of FIV.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Incomplete replication of human parainfluenza virus type 2 in mouse L929 cells.

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV-2) was tested for its ability to replicate in murine L929 cells. L929 cells were non-permissive for replication of HPIV-2. Interferon produced endogenously played no role in its incomplete replication. The mechanism by which growth of HPIV-2 was suppressed in L929 cells was studied. Synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides, particularly glycoprotein(s), was suppressed in HPIV-2-infected L929 cells. The HN mRNA could scarcely be detected in virus-infected L929 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Recent H1N1 viruses (A/USSR/90/77, A/Fiji/15899/83, A/Firenze/13/83) replicate poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. Brief report.

Three recent wild-type H1N1 influenza virus isolates (A/USSR/90/77, A/Fiji/15899/83 and A/Firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an H3N2 wild-type virus (A/England/939/69). All four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue. Examination of one H1N1 virus (A/USSR/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract. These results raise the possibility that the mildness of human influenza arising from the H1N1 strains may be due to lack of capacity to attack the lower respiratory tract as well as the presence of antibody in previously exposed persons.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Variables that may influence the alkaline sedimentation pattern of herpes simplex virus DNA.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA sediments homogeneously on a neutral sucrose gradient but heterogeneously on an alkaline sucrose gradient. Several factors that may influence the alkaline sedimentation pattern of HSV DNA were examined: e.g., the host cell, cell density at time of infection, multiplicity of infection, and the starting material for HSV DNA purification (whether HSV-infected cells or cell-free virus). Based on alkaline sedimentation analysis, these factors appear to play little or no role in the amount of intact single-stranded HSV DNA observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Propagation of Aleutian disease parvovirus in cell line CCC clone 81.

Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV), mutant Gorham of the Utah-1 strain, was grown and comparatively assayed in feline cell lines CRFK and CCC clone 81 at 31.8 degrees C. The maximum virus titres as determined by a fluorescent focus assay were found to be about 10(5) FFU/ml in CRFK at day 6 p. i. and 10(6) FFU/ml at day 4 p. i. in CCC clone 81 cells. Shifting of the incubation temperature from 31.8 to 37 degrees C led to a reduced virus production after three passages. The synchronization of the CCC clone 81 cells by 1 X 10(-3) M hydroxyurea followed by infection with low (less than or equal to 0.8) multiplicities of infection (MOI) did not significantly influence the virus titres. Several mammalian cell lines such as MiCl 1 (S+L-), Mv1-Lu, 64F3 clone 7 and FEF or fish cell lines such as BB and CHSE 114 developed abortive infections after inoculation with the temperature-sensitive mutant Gorham of the ADV strain Utah-1 (ADV-G). Three new isolates designated ADV-Sl1--ADV-Sl3 were isolated from spleen and blood lymphocytes and bone marrow cells of ADV-infected mink and were adapted to grow in CCC clone 81 cells at 31.8 degrees C with virus titres between 10(4) and 10(4.7) FFU/ml. ADV particle populations varying in their bouyant density between 1.32, 1.36 and 1.43 g/ml were isolated from infected cells and culture supernatants. By protein blotting and immunodetection two major protein components with apparent M. W. of 85 and 75 KD and three minor polypeptides of 33, 28.9 and 27.5 KD were detected.

Aleutian Mink Disease↗
PubMed1978

In vitro growth characteristics and heterogeneity of mouse hepatitis virus type 3.

The in vitro virus yield of MHV3 reached 10(7) PFU/ml in mouse DBT cells infected with a virus suspension in HEPES-buffered medium containing DEAE-dextran. The virus titer was 10(6) PFU/ml in the presence of 10 micrograms actinomycin D/ml MHV3 growth in DBT cells gave three peaks of density (1.10--1.14 g/cm3, 1.18--1.20 g/cm3, and 1.25--1.31 g/cm3) in sucrose gradients. All these peaks retained infectivity.

Cell Line↗