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PubMed1987

[Ultrasonic measurement of the uterus in juvenile diabetic patients and possible corrections between genital development and diabetes mellitus. 2].

The sonographically determined length of uterus in 100 insulin-dependent diabetic girls of the age-classes 1964 to 1974 are considered in relation to diabetes mellitus. In order to recognise the possibility of a disturbed development of the inner genitals during puberty of juvenile diabetics, the uterus development is considered in relation to ossification age, duration of diabetes, and to the period before or after the 10th year of age as well as before respectively after menarche. Before the 16th year of age the growth curves of the uterus in all metabolism groups show non-significant delays, which are difficult to interpret. Up to the 18th year the course of the curves reach a similar standard of development--that is an average of 60 mm. In order to determine the precise moment of the diagnostic and therapeutic activity in delayed puberty development, it seems to us appropriate to use the sonographic measurement of the uterus length in addition to the definition of ossification age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Experimental studies of the location of neural centers in the bovine uterus].

Three cows of the black-and-white breed were used for the studies. In cow N.1 the ovary, oviduct and the uterus were excised. In cow N.2 the uterus cornua were excised. The control was cow N.3. The animals were slaughtered after 21 days from the operation and the following material was taken: medulla oblongata, the thoraco-lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord together with bilateral spinal ganglia and the sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as nerve ganglia and plexi of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The material was fixed in alcohol, embedded in paraffine and cut into 15 micron thick clises which were stained according to Nissel'a modified method. The analysis of the preparations ahowed that the central nervous system sends directly to the uterus a small number of nerve fibres from the following nuclei; of the vagus nerve (medulla oblongata), intermediolateralis, intermedio-medialis and of the cerebello-spinal tract (spinal cord). Most fibres innervating the uterus of the cow come from the ganglia and plexi of the peripheral vegetative system; mesenteric anterior, hypogastric, pelvic, visceral, mesenteric posterior and also form ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and spinal ganglia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of ketoprofen on release of prostaglandin F2 alpha from uterus of rat in perinatal period.

The effects of oral administration of ketoprofen, indomethacin, (0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), naproxen, flurbiprofen, (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid (10 and 100 mg/kg) on release of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) from isolated pregnant Sprague-Dawley rat uterus and on plasma PGF2 alpha' 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels were studied comparatively. The plasma PGF2 alpha level and the rate of release of PGF2 alpha from isolated rat uterus increased progressively from day 18 to 20 of gestation. Ketoprofen, indomethacin, flurbiprofen, naproxen and acetylsalicylic acid reduced the release of PGF2 alpha from the isolated rat uterus and the rise in plasma PGF2 alpha level, and the effects seem to be dose-dependent. A comparative study with intramuscular ketoprofen (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) was also carried out. The inhibitory effect of ketoprofen on uterine PGF2 alpha release with intramuscular route was 15.9 times more profound than that with oral route. The anti-inflammatory drugs tested except acetylsalicylic acid were also found to hinder the drop of plasma progesterone level in the late stage of pregnancy but not affect the plasma 17 beta-estradiol level. These results suggest that reduction of PGF2 alpha release from the uterus induced by treatment with these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might result in the delay of spontaneous delivery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasonic measurements of the uterus in adolescents].

Length of uterus, anterior-posterior and cross diameter in 105 healthy and 101 diabetic girls at the age from 9 to 20 years determined by ultrasound. Length of uterus and its calculated volume are correlated to age and Tanner classification, in order to conceive in a reproducable way the development of uterus in puberty. In both groups a clear push of growth occurs about the time of menarche. The diabetic girls showed a slight delay of uterus development, which is adjusted, however, at the end of puberty (Tanner IV and V).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of estrogen on the expression of mRNAs of different actin isoforms in immature rat uterus. Cloning of alpha-smooth muscle actin message.

Cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs as well as smooth muscle actin mRNAs have been shown to be transiently increased in rat uterus after treatment with the steroid hormone estradiol. A clone isolated as an estradiol-induced message from a lambda-gt10 cDNA library prepared from the mRNA of estrogen-stimulated immature rat uterus was identified as alpha-smooth muscle actin. A single-stranded RNA probe composed mainly of the 3'-untranslated region of this clone, as well as DNA probes derived from the 3'-untranslated regions of other actin genes, were used to study the induction kinetics of different actin isoforms in rat uterus after being stimulated by estradiol. The beta- and gamma-cytoskeletal actins showed an induction peak at 4 h after estradiol administration with 1.4- and 1.8-fold increases, respectively. The smooth muscle actin was maximally increased 2.1-fold at 8-12 h. Messages of alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actins were neither expressed nor induced by estradiol in this tissue. The different induction kinetics of the cytoplasmic and smooth muscle actins suggest that they are regulated by different mechanisms and possibly in different cell types of the uterus.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

[Age and changes in the structure of the walls of the intrinsic arteries of the uterus].

By means of common histological, histochemical and morphometrical methods age changes in the cushion-like intimal protrusions of the intraorganic arteries have been studied in 176 uteri of women at all ages that died from trauma and other diseases which do not produce any changes in the uterus. Beginning from two years of age, in the uterus segmentary artery wall certain intimal thickenings are revealed; at this age they consist of immature fibrillar and cellular elements of the connective tissue and single myocytes. At the pubertal age an intensive development of the cushion-like protrusions is observed. The amount of myocytes in them increases at the expense of migration from muscular tunic of the vessel; they arrange chaotically. Then the structure of the elastic and collagenous carcass of the protrusions becomes more complex, the myocytes in them are oriented along the course of the artery, or along the sloping spiral. During adolescence and mature age, cyclic changes in the wall structure of the uterus intraorganic arteries are observed, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. During the second part of the proliferative phase, certain retruction of the protrusions is observed, and at the end of the secretion phase--maximal increase in their height. The intimal protrusions are specialized structures, playing an important role in ensuring an optimal blood circulation in the uterus during ovulation and in performing menstruation. Reverse development of these structures takes place in elderly and old age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effect of ovarian steroid hormones on superficial activator calcium in the rabbit uterus.

Effect of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) on activator calcium binding was studied in the rabbit uterus. Superficial Ca-binding of isolated uterine strips was characterized by determining the rate of loss of isometric tension evoked by low (2.4 V/cm) field strength electrical stimulation in Ca-free Krebs solution. Intramuscular injection of 10 mg P increased superficial Ca-binding significantly in the postpartum and E2-treated virgin uterus with a latency period of 8--12 hours. Bilateral ovariectomy on the 25th day of pregnancy decreased superficial Ca-binding progressively, which could be avoided by P-substitution. 72 hours after ovariectomy P-treatment failed to increase Ca-binding. Local application of cycloheximide increased Ca-binding in the E2-treated virgin uterus. The results suggest that a high P-level plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of a strong binding of superficial activator calcium in the rabbit uterus. Progressive disappearance of the strong binding near term and after bilateral ovariectomy correlates well with P-withdrawl in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some effects of prostaglandin on corpora lutea and on the uterus in the cycling dog.

The effect of prostaglandin PGF2alpha was investigated on the progesterone production in the corpora lutea and on the occurrence of amino acids and carbohydrates in the uteri of seven beagles in metoestrus (D-36 to D-42). The dose, 15 mg in all (3 X 5 mg with intervals of 1 and 24 hours), was injected i.m. After ovariectomy and hysterectomy it appeared that 5 hours after the last injection in conversion of pregenolone into progesterone in the corpora lutea was greatly reduced that in the uterus much more fructose, glucose, and glucuronic acid was present than could by expected at the time of the cycle. After 24 hours the progesterone production was still low and in the uterus the fructose production had increased and lactic acid was formed. Four days after the last injection, the progesterone production in the corpora lutea was normal again and the amounts of fructose and of glucose in the uterus showed the normal values; the concentrations of glucuronic acid and of lactic acid were still elevated, but they were reducing. Seemigly 15 mg of PGF2alpha injected i.m. in dogs caused a temporary blocking of progesterone production in the corpora lutea, accompanied by the formation of glucuronic acid in the uteri van zeven beagles in metoestrus (D-36 - D142). De dosis bedroeg in total 15 mg (3 X 5 small amounts of fructose and of lactic acid in the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Timing of anti-uterotrophic effects of a single injection of progesterone in the oestrogen-stimulated uterus: comparison of the sheep and mouse.

Progesterone (P) is anti-uterotrophic in the oestradiol (E2)-stimulated uterus of the mouse but not the sheep. To further understand this species difference, the time course of some early effects of a single injection of P on the E2-stimulated uterus has been examined. In the mouse, P caused a prompt (2-4 h) decline in uterine wet weight and in vitro rate of RNA synthesis, and a more gradual decrease (4-12 h) in RNA: DNA and protein: DNA ratios and in vitro rate of protein synthesis in whole uterus. In the sheep, P had no effect at any time on either whole uterus or caruncular endometrium. The results support the concepts that (1) anti-uterotrophic effects of P in E2-stimulated mice are mediated by a direct P effect on nuclear E2 receptor level, and (2) in the sheep P is not anti-uterotrophic because it does not regulate nuclear E2 receptor level.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The uterus as an endocrine compartment.

Evidence has begun to accumulate over the past several years that the uterus is a much more complex organ than was previously thought. Data would suggest that the uterus is a tissue that actively secretes a variety of substances that act locally and at distant sites from the uterus in the control of normal nonconceptual physiologic events, in gestation, and in influencing pathophysiologic symptoms. This article discusses the data underlying the concept of the uterus as an endocrine compartment with particular emphasis on the physiology of the decidualized endometrial stroma.

Decidua↗
PubMed1983

Tissue concentrations of eosinophilia in the bovine oviduct and uterus of different stages of the oestrous cycle.

Numbers of eosinophils in the bovine oviduct and uterus were determined during the oestrous cycle. The eosinophil numbers in the oviduct (ampulla and isthmus) and horn of the uterus during oestrus were significantly higher than during dioestrus. The number of eosinophils in the uterine cervix was lower than in the uterine horn for all stages of the oestrous cycle. In the oviduct, eosinophils accumulated in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, in the tunica muscularis and in the connective tissue of the tunica serosa. In the uterus, they were concentrated mainly in the upper parts of the stroma in the endometrium. Degranulation of eosinophils was observed during oestrus when they increased in number in the oviduct and uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Identification of the major component of the estrogen-induced protein of rat uterus as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase.

We have recently shown that the estrogen-induced protein of rat uterus (IP) is indistinguishable from a constitutive protein in rat brain, and that the brain type gamma gamma isozyme of enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) is a component of IP. Here we report that the brain type BB isozyme of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) is the major component of IP. The two IP components, creatine kinase BB and enolase gamma gamma, were copurified from rat brain by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzymes were separated on reactive blue 2 agarose, which absorbs creatine kinase BB but not enolase gamma gamma, at 40 mMNaCl, pH 5.2. The major component of IP was identified as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase on the basis of its specific enzyme activity, chromatographic behavior, and specific immunoprecipitation by anti-creatine kinase BB antiserum. The identity of the major component of IP and creatine kinase BB was confirmed by double isotope ratio analysis, limited protease digestion patterns, and the rapid increase in the rate of synthesis of creatine kinase in rat uterus in response to estrogen. IP has been a favored marker for estrogen action in rat uterus because of its early response to the hormone both in vivo and in vitro. The identification of the major component of IP as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase is a step toward understanding the function of IP in the early responses of the uterus to estrogen and reveals a further advantage for IP as a marker for the study of gene expression, and as a possible enzymic marker for hormone responsive tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental induction of uterus tumours by modification of localised vascularization].

Present knowledge of aetiopathogenesis of uterus fibroma is based on clinical observation and backed up by pathologico-anatomic laboratory studies. In some cases, tumours were experimentally induced to animals by oestrogenic stimulation. -- The vascular factor was considered to be of minor and unspecific importance to fibroma genesis, in the context of findings so far obtained. Clinical observations, however, suggested that certain vascular disorders in genital organs provided predisposition to tumour development. Rheographic and pelvophlebographic investigations have shown that uterus fibroma has always been accompanied by pelvic congestion. - These insights prompted the authors to undertake experimental studies into the role played by the vascular factor in the genesis of uterus fibroma. Oestrogenic stimulation was used to induce uterus tumours in guinea pigs, following artificially generated vascular changes, such as ischaemia and stasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Estrogen and progesterone interactions on the estrogen receptor and thymidine kinase in the immature rat uterus].

In medical clinics or experiments, progesterone (P) has been used for treatment of adenomatous hyperplasia or cancer of the endometrium. In the present paper, effects of P in combination with or without estradiol-17 beta (E2) on the estrogen receptor (ER) and thymidine kinase (TK) activity in immature rat uterus are described. P has been reported to interfere with the replenishment of the cytoplasmic ER of the rat uterus. In the present study, no translocation of the cytoplasmic ER to the nucleus was found after the injection of P, whereas P slightly enhanced the wet weight and the TK activity of the uterus. The TK activity increased 20 to 30 times the control level at 30 hours after the injection of E2. However, the enzyme activity induced by E2 was inhibited by P which was approximately 1,000-fold or more dose of E2. This enzyme was separated into isozymes by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Induction of the specific TK isozyme, which was induced by E2 in immature rat uterus and closely related to DNA synthesis, was found to be inhibited by P.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of a single gonadotropin injection on the uterus of prepuberal gilts].

Histological studies were conducted into the uteri and macroscopic studies into the ovaries of 64 gilts, aged between 180 and 220 days, following administration of 400 I.U. of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) with 200 I.U. of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or 500 I.U. of PMSG with 250 I.U. of hCG, in order to test the action of one single injection of PMSG and hCG on the reproductive organs of prepuberal gilts. Ovulation was achieved in something between 75 and 100 per cent of all test animals which were treated in four experimental groups. The mean ovulation rates, following injection of 500 I.U. of PMSG with 250 I.U. of hCG, were between 17.2 and 28.6 (superovulation). The changes induced to the uterus by gonadotrophin injection were similar to those resulting from spontaneous onset of puberty, with the effectiveness of 500 I.U. of PMSG with 250 I.U. of hCG having been stronger than that of 400 I.U. of PMSG with 200 I.U. of hCG. However, histometric examinations have shown that uterus developed with induced cycle was not fully identical with uterus development with spontaneous onset of sexual maturity. Only in about 30 per cent of all animals tested was an induced cycle spontaneously followed by another cycle. Uterus growth was stimulated by gonadotrophin injection even in animals with no further cyclic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Changes in the amount of blood in the uterus and placenta of rats in prolonged pregnancy].

The authors examined the amount of blood in the vessels of the placenta, uterus, liver and kidneys of white rats with prolonged pregnancy. The model of prolonged gestation is obtained after administration of progesterone during the last days of pregnancy. The results reveal that the amount of blood in the vessels of the uterus and placenta of rats with prolonged pregnancy is statistically significantly reduced (in the uterus 3,7 and 4,8 gammas per 100 mg of tissue, but in the placenta 3,76 and 8,8 gammas respectively and p less than 0,05). the authors explain these changes in the altered permeability of the vessels of the uterus and placenta in rats with prolonged pregnancy. These results clarify the high percentage of hypoxia in rats with prolonged pregnancy, which is of clinical significance.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Collateral arterial blood supply to the pregnant uterus in the sheep.

The common internal iliac artery in the sheep gives rise to the arteries which are the primary source of blood to the uterus. We have used a vascular occluder placed on the common internal iliac artery of the pregnant sheep to induce and study the effects of chronic fetal hypoxaemia. We have noted that uterine blood flow and fetal oxygenation improve within 5 d of occlusion of the common internal iliac artery. To investigate the basis of this observation we performed serial angiograms and postmortem examinations of the uterine arterial circulation in pregnant sheep under normal conditions and after 7 d of blood flow occlusion. We identified distal anastomoses on the surface of the uterus between the middle uterine and internal pudendal arteries by way of the urogenital arteries and their branches. Furthermore, the internal pudendal artery filled retrogradely through other branches when the vessel was ligated at its origin. The development of a collateral circulation to the uterus in response to chronic common internal iliac artery occlusion is a physiological adaptation to maintain an adequate supply of blood to the uterus and thus to maintain fetal oxygen delivery.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

[Double uterus and double vagina with unilateral imperforate vagina associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis: an infant case report].

Duplicated uterus associated with unilateral imperforate vagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is a very rare anomaly. We report a case of a 10-month-old female infant presenting with pus discharge from vagina, and discussed the embryologic and clinical features relevant to this interesting disease complex with a review of the past literature. Echographic and CT examinations demonstrated a right-sided cystic pelvic mass. IVP revealed a left slight hydronephrosis and non-visualizing right kidney. No right ureteral orifice was found at cystoscopy. Under anesthesia the mass and pus was aspirated. Under the diagnosis of Gartner's cystic duct and a right renal agenesis or dysplasia with or without ectopic ureter, we subsequently performed laparotomy. Surgical exploration revealed a duplicated uterus with a normal ovary, and the mass was an imperforate right-sided vagina which communicated through the uterus. The diagnosis was changed to a double uterus with right-sided imperforate vagina, then the vaginal septum was excised. The post-operative course was uneventful, and pus discharge and the left hydronephrosis have disappeared.

Female↗