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PubMed1983

Continuous eruption of some adult human teeth of ancient populations.

It has been argued that the teeth maintain a potential for eruption throughout life and that eruption takes place whenever an opportunity occurs. Thus continuous, active eruption would be expected when the occlusal surfaces of the teeth have been affected by severe attrition. Radiographs of teeth and jaws of adult skulls with marked attrition from the Romano-British, Anglo-Saxon and Mediaeval periods were measured using the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) as a reference structure. Statistical analysis of the measurements from 164 of the specimens showed that the worn occlusal surfaces (OS) maintained a more or less constant distance from the IAC with age, and the distance from the IAC to the cemento-enamel junction increased continuously. Likewise, the distance from the IAC to the alveolar bone crest (AC) and the distance OS-AC remained almost constant. In most groups there was a slow, continuous deposition of bone at the lower border of the mandible which could account for the increased face height of older individuals. Hence continuous eruption occurs at least up to about 45 years providing that there is inter-occlusal space available into which the teeth may erupt; furthermore, there is potential for eruption whether or not attrition occurs in all human adults at a similar age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of dental erosion and the implications for oral health.

The literature on dental erosion is made up of a number of areas, some of which are reviewed here: there are anecdotal case reports, linking a small number of clinical cases with a possible etiological factor. The second area of evidence concentrates on case control studies in which there is a strong association with dental erosion, for example, patients with bulimia. The final piece of epidemiological evidence is beginning to emerge as prevalence studies, but the information from prevalence data worldwide is scanty. It is difficult to compare prevalence studies because of the different indices used in the various studies and also because of the different teeth assessed in the sample. Standardization of indices used would overcome some of these differences as would the reporting of results in a comparable way. However, identifying the true prevalence of erosion per se is fraught with difficulty because there may be more than one etiological factor operating and attrition and or abrasion may complicate the picture, especially in older populations. Case reports frequently associate evidence of erosion with excessive use of particular drinks or foodstuffs so they must be viewed with caution. There is an increasing awareness, amongst the dental profession, of the potential for this particular form of tooth wear to occur. It is important that the dental team is vigilant and instigates preventive measures before tooth tissue loss becomes clinically significant. The importance of erosion in dental health promotion should not be overlooked.

Beverages↗
PubMed2004

Oral and dental health among inpatients in treatment for alcohol use disorders: a pilot study.

UNLABELLED: Individuals undergoing treatment for alcohol use disorders exhibit increased risk for impaired oral health. We conducted a study to assess oral health and demographic characteristics of inpatients under treatment for alcohol use disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four inpatients, 24 male and 10 female, with diverse ethnicity, were recruited in a rehabilitation center for alcohol use disorders in Buffalo, NY. Before undergoing oral examination, subjects completed a questionnaire on dental hygiene, associated behaviors, and demographic characteristics. Information regarding patients' oral health was collected using plaque, gingival, and decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMF) indices, and by examining soft tissue and evaluating signs of abrasion, erosion, and attrition. Statistical analysis determined prevalence and descriptive characteristics. RESULTS: Alcohol intake for the population was, on average, 45.7 drinks/week, and 61.8% had smoked cigarettes within the past month. Patients were missing 15.1% of their teeth. Of teeth examined, 13.5% had dental caries. Prevalence of soft tissue abnormalities was 35.3%, prevalence of tooth erosion was 47.1%, and prevalence of moderate/severe gingival inflammation was 82.3%. Although study participants reported brushing at least once a day, 70.6% of subjects presented with heavy dental plaque accumulation. Most participants (85.3%) described the condition of their mouth and teeth as fair or poor. Finally, we observed a satisfactory participation rate among those who qualified for the study. CONCLUSION: Oral examination showed significant levels of dental caries, gingival inflammation, soft tissue abnormalities, and tooth erosion. In addition, this study indicates that patients undergoing treatment for alcohol use disorders evidence poor oral health, and are at heightened risk for the development of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Occlusion of dentinal tubules under superficial attrited dentine.

A scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.) was used to examine dentinal tubules transversely fractured approximately 1.5 mms below a superficial dentinal attritional surface. The material not only included vital teeth but also young, intact premolars implanted into removable dentures. In these teeth the enamel on the buccal cusps was removed and the dentine exposed to attrition for 3 years. For comparison the tubules of intact teeth transversely fractured at the same level were examined. Intact control revealed open tubules of normal size in the area examined. Under attrited surfaces many tubules on the same level were completely occluded with material similar to that seen in peri-tubular dentine. Other tubules had varying degrees of reduction of the tubule lumen. The situation was the same in 4 teeth attrited in removable dentures. The findings support the view that while tubules in sclerotic dentine in teeth subjected to attrition may be occluded by a continuous growth of peritubular dentine, the oral milieu and saliva may also contribute to this process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The acidity (pH) and buffering capacity of Canadian fruit juice and dental implications.

Excessive consumption of acidic fruit juices is associated with dental morbidity. The pH and buffering capacities of fruit juices packaged and consumed in Canada were measured, and the implications on dental pathology of consuming juices of these qualities are discussed. Canadian fruit juices have a pH below the critical dissolving pH of enamel, and have buffering capacities similar to juices produced and consumed elsewhere in the world. Citrus, apple, and grape juice, or blends of these juices, are all potentially hazardous to teeth. Erosion, attrition, decay and dentinal hypersensitivity may all result from abusive juice drinking.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Dens evaginatus. Case report and review of the literature.

Dens evaginatus is a disturbance in tooth formation that produces a tubercle of hard tissue on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. This unusual condition occurs most frequently in Oriental persons and is relatively uncommon in the western hemisphere. The tubercle, which often contains pulp tissue, can cause alterations in occlusion; pulpal and periapical inflammation are common sequelae of attrition or fracture of the evagination. Although teeth with necrotic pulps require extraction or endodontic therapy, prophylactic pulp capping is recommended for vital teeth. This case report of a 24-year-old Chinese-Canadian woman with three affected teeth demonstrates the clinical consequences of dens evaginatus.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth.

Vertical root fractures have been reported to occur primarily in endodontically treated teeth due to condensation forces and/or with post placement. This study describes 11 Chinese patients with 12 molars that developed vertical root fractures without endodontic or post procedures. These showed characteristics of a true vertical root fracture as confirmed after extraction. Fractured teeth showed a consistent pattern. The majority were severely attrited mandibular molars in males. All had clinically intact crowns with no or minimal restorations.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The role of functional occlusal relationships in temporomandibular disorders: a review.

This review highlights the consensus existing in past research on the role of functional occlusal factors in the pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The functional occlusal relationships considered are balancing and working occlusal contacts, length and symmetry of retruded contact position-intercuspal position (RCP-ICP) slides, occlusal guidance patterns, parafunction, and dental attrition. Controlled studies fail to demonstrate any association between occlusal interferences and TMD signs or symptoms. Temporomandibular joint condylar autorepositioning secondary to intracapsular arthrosis is associated with larger and asymmetric RCP-ICP slides. Other TMD conditions are not associated with any slide length or asymmetries. Occlusal guidance patterns are not associated with TMD symptom provocation or, conversely, health. Parafunction appears to be universal and is not associated with TMD development or symptomatology in healthy individuals. Furthermore, parafunction is not provoked by longstanding, naturally occurring occlusal variations. Dental attrition is not associated with TMD, and any observed increased attrition in osteoarthrosis patients is likely the result of age effects and occlusal alterations secondary to condylar positional changes.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1977

Role of attrition and occlusal contact in the physiology of the rat incisor: XL Kinetics of inner enamel epithelium during severely impeded eruption.

Under conditions of high impediment, the rate of eruption of the rat incisor decreases considerably as does the rate of cell production of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE). The latter is acomplished by a decrease in the size of the proliferative compartment and an increase in the generation time. A linear relation exists between IEE cell production and tooth eruption, and cell production can be estimated from eruption measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The restoration of functional occlusion and esthetics.

Severe occlusal destruction, whether it results from attrition, abrasion, or erosion, must be met with definitive diagnosis and treatment. This case report illustrates the step-by-step diagnosis and treatment of a patient with severe occlusal wear. Restoration of a functional occlusion and esthetics involved endodontic treatment, reestablishment of the vertical dimension of occlusion, osseous periodontal surgery, and placement of single-tooth cast glass-ceramic crowns.

Crowns↗
PubMed2006

Phenotypic variation in dentinogenesis imperfecta/dentin dysplasia linked to 4q21.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentin dysplasia (DD) are allelic disorders that primarily affect the formation of tooth dentin. Both conditions are autosomal-dominant and can be caused by mutations in the dentin sialophosphoprotein gene (DSPP, 4q21.3). We recruited 23 members of a four-generation kindred, including ten persons with dentin defects, and tested the hypothesis that these defects are linked to DSPP. The primary dentition showed amber discoloration, pulp obliteration, and severe attrition. The secondary dentition showed either pulp obliteration with bulbous crowns and gray discoloration or thistle-tube pulp configurations, normal crowns, and mild gray discoloration. Haplotype analyses showed no recombination between three 4q21-q24 markers and the disease locus. Mutational analyses identified no coding or intron junction sequence variations associated with affection status in DMP1, MEPE, or the DSP portion of DSPP. The defects in the permanent dentition were typically mild and consistent with a diagnosis of DD-II, but some dental features associated with DGI-II were also present. We conclude that DD-II and DGI-II are milder and more severe forms, respectively, of the same disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Dental erosion: a complication of pervasive developmental disorder.

A young teenage male presenting for a routine check-up reported no health problems. Initial clinical examination revealed some enamel loss on the palatal surfaces of the maxillary incisors. Erosion lesions were suspected. Similar lesions, however, were not found throughout the mixed dentition and radiographic findings were inconclusive. To confirm the diagnosis of these lesions and, more importantly, to disclose the etiology, a thorough and detailed clinical examination of these lesions was conducted. Study models were made, mounted in centric occluding position, and closely screened. In addition, the health history was revisited, by interviewing the patient and his legal guardian. The information gathered led to the conclusion that the lesions in question were erosion lesions with concomitant wear facets that resulted from attrition of the softened enamel surface. An ample light on the possible etiological factors was shed, which assisted in the planning phase for the course of management. It is not uncommon that dental health care providers encounter in daily practice cases of early erosion lesions similar to those reported here. In most of these instances, minor changes in tooth morphology that represent a slight departure from the norm could be overlooked and often ignored. If such lesions go undetected, the underlying causes may escape diagnosis. However, if action is taken to pursue investigation of the causative factor, the result could assist in understanding the overall complexity of the health condition of the patient. This would enable planning the proper course of management for the total well being of the patient.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Dental and skeletal findings on an ancient Egyptian mummy.

The dentofacial structures of an ancient Egyptian mummy were radiographically evaluated from available computer tomographic scans. The cephalometric measurements obtained were compared to those available on ancient Egyptian Pharaohs as well as to modern cephalometric standards for adult males. The measurements on "Lady" Udja were closely related to both sets of cephalometric standards. The dental findings include: noticeable generalized attrition of the dentition, extracted lower first molar, and impacted maxillary third molars.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1977

Cranial and dental anomalies in three species of platyrrhine monkeys from Nicaragua.

This paper presents information on the cranial and dental anomalies observed in the crania of three species of platyrrhine monkeys collected in Nicaragua. Cranial anomalies that are discussed include plagiocephaly, bregmatic fontanelle bones, Wormian bones, cranial trauma, and heterotopic bones. Among the dental anomalies that were studied were the following: crazing caries, periodontal and pulpal disorders, alveolar thinning, mechanical loss, excessive attrition, shear bite, impacted molars, supernumerary teeth, congenital agencies, congenital crown aberration, and irregular placement.

Alouatta↗