Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Temporal Muscle”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Masseter and temporalis electromyographic activity in asymptomatic, subclinical, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients.

The research and clinical literature on biofeedback treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction is devoid of normative or comparative electromyographic (EMG) studies examining muscle activity in either patient or normal samples. For the present study, resting EMG levels for each masseter and temporalis were obtained from three groups of subjects: asymptomatic (female, N = 24, mean age = 26.4); subclinical (female, N = 31, mean age = 28.6); and patient (N = 61, female 70%, mean age = 31.9). A Biocomp 2001 biofeedback system was used to gather the EMG data from each of the four sites during a six- to eight-minute resting baseline period. The patient group demonstrated significantly higher EMG activity than the asymptomatic or subclinical groups for all variables except the right masseter (F (8,220) = 6.65, p less than 0.001). The temporalis was found to be the site of greatest EMG activity more frequently than the masseter. These findings strengthen diagnostic and assessment procedures and criteria, as well as suggest alternate treatment and research protocols.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of electromyograms of the masseter, temporalis, and anterior digastric muscles obtained by surface and intramuscular electrodes: raw-EMG.

Electromyographic activity was synchronously recorded by surface and intramuscular electrodes in the same muscle. The activity of the left masseter, left temporalis, and both bellies of the anterior digastric muscle was studied by this double registration technique. In rest position no electromyographic activity could be detected in any of the muscles by both techniques. Both techniques give comparable results in cyclic jaw movements. In isometric contractions, however, differences in the registered activity were observed between the surface electrode on the depressor group muscles and the intramuscularly recorded anterior digastric muscles. Silent periods evoked in the elevator muscles were of slightly longer duration when recorded by intramuscular electrodes than when recorded by surface electrodes. A protruded position of the mandible results in a silent period of longer duration than the position of the mandible in maximal occlusion during clenching for both techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Augmentation of temporal area by insertion of silicone plate under the temporal fascia.

The Japanese are mesocephalic and their faces tend to look broad when viewed from the front. The main reason for this appearance is the prominent zygoma. The temporal area is closely related to the zygoma, and when this portion of the face is excessively concave, the zygoma stands out and causes the face to appear seedy or older than the actual age. To cure this condition, there have been three conventional operations performed in Japan, which are not without shortcomings. The authors have improved on these methods and have succeeded in solving most of the problems in 21 cases by devising a method in which a soft silicone plate is inserted under the temporal muscle fascia.

Asian People↗
PubMed1994

Reconstruction of defects of the anterior cranial fossa during craniofacial tumor resection.

Following removal of sizable craniofacial tumors, large defects in the dura of the anterior cranial fossa usually result. Neither the temporal fascia nor the temporal muscle will customarily reach far enough to close these anterior defects. A de-epithelialized forehead flap with an inferior base may be transposed into the defect to achieve watertight closure, even with a large defect. Eight cases are presented in which this method was successfully used.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children: is it necessary to perform mandibular distraction simultaneously?

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in children disturbs not only mandibular growth, but also facial skeletal development. Costochondral graft was used to ensure growth, but it had proven to be unpredictable. The authors evaluate retrospectively 41 patients who underwent temporomandibular joint reconstruction during the last 10 years. Twenty were treated by costochondral graft, 15 by arthroplasty, and 6 by other surgical procedures, and they were excluded. The etiology was septic in 54% of the cases. Follow-up was at least 12 months in all cases. Arthroplasty was a quicker and easier procedure than the costochondral graft, reducing operating time, risk of blood transfusion, and hospital stays and costs. It also was associated with less risk of reankylosis, 13%vs 25%. Furthermore, it was associated with a minor morbidity and secondary complications. Seventy-five percent of the patients treated with bone graft required additional secondary surgery. Radiographically, the authors observed a remodeled neocondyle at the level of proximal mandibular end in cases treated by arthroplasty. On clinical examination, patients showed variable degrees of facial deformity and an unknown potential of mandibular growth after TMJ arthroplasty. The authors also observed improved clinical and radiologic appearance after ankylosis correction. Is it reasonable to perform ankylosis release and mandibular distraction simultaneously without knowing which patients will be able to experience growth with time? In that case it would be necessary a predict growth to apply the exact amount of mandibular distraction for obtaining stable results. Timing of mandibular distraction, after TMJ arthroplasty is performed and mandibular function restored, must be specific to each patient's needs, assuring the best distraction conditions and planning. The authors present their treatment protocol, including TMJ joint arthroplasty with temporal muscle interposition, and mandibular distraction osteogenesis, as a second procedure, to correct residual asymmetry or retrognathism if necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of temporomandibular disorders with botulinum toxin.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term used to characterize a heterogeneous group of conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its contiguous tissues. Although the pathologies behind TMDs have not been completely explained, the symptoms associated with these disorders are similar and are most commonly manifest as pain in the orofacial region. In preliminary studies, botulinum toxin has been used successfully to treat various pain syndromes, including TMDs. Because of the complex nature of TMDs and proximity of affected muscles to facial nerves, correct injection technique and appropriate dosing guidelines are very important for successful results. This article describes common TMDs and their treatment with botulinum toxin. Dosing guidelines and illustrations of affected muscles and target injection sites are provided.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed2002

Primary epithelioid sarcoma of the dura: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Epithelioid sarcomas are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that occur most often in the extremities of young adults. Despite isolated reports of epithelioid sarcomas arising in the head and neck region, these lesions have not been described previously, to our knowledge, in the central nervous system. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present the case of an 18-year-old woman with a unique dural sarcoma that arose in the right frontotemporal region. As visualized on magnetic resonance imaging studies, the 4.5-cm tumor focally traversed the cranium to penetrate the galea, the temporal muscle, and subcutaneous tissue. No brain invasion was noted. INTERVENTION: Despite gross total removal and postoperative radiotherapy (59 Gy), a large recurrence was noted 5 months after surgery. Histologically, the partly necrotic tumor consisted of epithelioid and spindle cells showing widespread vimentin and variable cytokeratin as well as epithelial membrane antigen immunoreactivity. Ultrastructurally, the cohesive cells featured various organelles, intermediate filaments, junctions, and filopodia-containing intercellular spaces. CONCLUSION: With the inclusion of epithelioid sarcoma, the spectrum of central nervous system sarcomas continues to expand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Soft-tissue masses of the temporal fossa.

An unusual problem, a soft-tissue mass of the left temporal fossa, is described. Differential diagnoses and pertinent studies for identifying the mass are reviewed. Our patient had a temporalis fascia defect with herniation of the temporal muscle causing his mass and associated symptoms. Surgical exploration, necessary for diagnosis, afforded us the opportunity for definitive treatment.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1996

The sandwich epicranial flaps.

Sandwich epicranial flaps are prefabricated composite flaps that have multiple uses in reconstructing the middle and the lower facial region. Sandwich epicranial flaps always comprise the galea and a full-thickness skin graft; they may, in addition, include the temporal muscle and a fragment of parietal bone. According to their composition, four types of sandwich epicranial flaps are described. Experience with a use of 36 sandwich epicranial flaps (13 with vascularized bone) is reported. A few examples demonstrate the use of sandwich epicranial flaps in dramatic facial mutilation following noma in children. The sandwich epicranial flap can be performed at any age, does not require microsurgical anastomoses, and has a low complication rate. It is particularly useful for major reconstructive procedures in children.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Effects of rhBMP-2 and osteopromotive membranes on experimental bone grafting.

A problem with using autogeneic bone for onlay grafting is its degree of incorporation and volumetric persistence. This study explored whether improved graft volumetric maintenance can be achieved by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and whether a combination of rhBMP-2 and osteopromotive membranes is advantageous in this respect. Unicortico-cancellous bone grafts were positioned below the temporal muscle bilaterally in 48 adult Lewis rats. The recipient bone was ground, and the grafted area was randomly treated according to one of eight different alternatives. Two doses of rhBMP-2 (4 microg/80 microl or 32 microg/80 microl buffer) in a collagenous carrier were tested, with or without coverage with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membranes. As controls, membrane and carrier, alone or in combination, and onlay grafts only were used. The results were evaluated after 4 and 20 weeks by routine histologic examination and immunohistochemical labeling for various bone and cartilage matrix proteins. After 4 weeks, rhBMP-2-treated grafts showed complete integration, whereas for controls, only the membrane-alone group attained incorporation after 20 weeks. The combined treatment with high-dose rhBMP-2 and membrane demonstrated, as compared with the remaining rhBMP-2 groups, pronounced bone formation and less graft resorption, resulting in maintained or increased graft size. This was observed after 4 weeks, and the result remained at 20 weeks. Treatment with high-dose rhBMP-2 without membrane placement, in contrast, resulted in extensive resorption and graft size reduction at 20 weeks. Control groups showed less success in graft size persistence. It was concluded that a combination of high-dose rhBMP-2 and osteopromotive membranes had a synergistic effect, leading to rapid, complete graft integration and size maintenance. In the absence of a membrane, the protein seemed to accelerate the remodeling of the graft.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa after release of submucous fibrosis and bilateral small radial forearm flap reconstruction.

Oral submucous fibrosis is a collagen disorder that affects the submucosal layer of the upper digestive tract. The major cause is the habit of betel quid chewing, which is common in central, southern, and southeast Asia. The progressive and irreversible course of disease results with trismus, dysphagia, xerostomia, and rhinolalia. The most serious complication of this disorder is the development of oral carcinoma, and the incidence in different series varies from 1.9 to 10 percent. A sufficient mouth opening can be achieved by complete release of fibrotic tissue, and coronoidectomy and temporal muscle myotomy when needed, and reconstruction of the resultant defect can be best achieved by microsurgical free-tissue transfer because of the discouraging results with skin grafting or local flaps. From April of 1997 to May of 2001, a total of 26 patients received reconstructive surgery with small radial forearm flaps after release of submucous fibrosis with or without temporalis muscle myotomy and coronoidectomy. All patients were men, with a mean age of 40.1 years (range, 18 to 62 years) and all had a history of betel nut chewing ranging from 8 to 40 years. The interincisal distance ranged from 5 to 29 mm, with a mean of 15 mm, before operation. After the release procedure, the interincisal distance increased to 40 mm (range, 35 to 50 mm). At a follow-up period of 3 to 48 months, the interincisal distance was a mean of 35 mm (range, 18 to 57 mm), with an average increase of 20 mm compared with the preoperative distance. During follow-up, three patients developed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity 24 to 36 months after submucous fibrosis release. Two of them occurred in the release site and the other one occurred at the soft palate. Oral cancer occurred in three of 13 patients who had received release of submucous fibrosis and who were followed for longer than 2 years (range, 24 to 48 months), which means that 23 percent of these patients developed squamous cell carcinoma of the intraoral mucosa. High risk of cancer occurrence strongly indicates the importance of an earlier and more aggressive surgical approach toward submucous fibrosis, and long-term follow-up on a regular basis. The purpose of an early and aggressive approach to submucous fibrosis is to provide a good quality of life to the patient by improving oral hygiene and oral intake quality and at the same time to obtain a sufficient mouth opening, which is mandatory for the inspection of the excision site and the remaining oral mucosa during follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Pain and dental implantology: sensory quantification and affective aspects. Part I: At the private dental office.

After an extensive review of the dental literature, few articles were found related to pain and implantology. Management of orofacial pain has traditionally been a difficult challenge for the dental-medical profession. Patients may be afraid of dental pain, particularly in cases of dental implantology. Therefore, a study to obtain more conclusive data was developed. Taking into account that the perception of pain and the threshold of pain vary among individuals, a 2-year clinical study was established in private practice utilizing a verbal method (double-blind). The study was used to quantify sensory and affective aspects of pain associated with dental implantology on 75 patients in a private dental office. All of the implants were placed by the same clinician. Data were recorded following a Pain Data Sheet designed for this particular study. The aim of this study was to obtain different aspects of data as follows: 1) Fear of the dentist and fear of dental implant procedures utilizing a descriptive scale of 1 to 10, with 1 indicative of no fear. 2) Dental areas and ridges: Dental pain, pain in edentulous areas, and pain in the implanted area utilizing a scale of 0 to 8, with 0 indicative of no pain. 3) Function and pain: during mastication, swallowing, speech, yawning, opening, closing, and lateral excursions and indication of cervical pain or back pain, each calibrated by the presence or absence of pain. 4) Palpation and pain of the temporomandibular joint, the temporal muscle, the area of the pterygoid muscles, masseter muscle, and sternocleidomastoid muscle, all calibrated on the indication of presence or absence of pain. 5) Others: ear pain, neuralgia, headaches, edema, and hematoma, calibrated on the basis of presence or absence. The aforementioned factors were evaluated immediately before surgery and after surgery, at 24 hours, and during a follow up for a period of 2 years at intervals of 1 week; 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months; and 1 and 2 years after surgery. Also recorded were the uses of presurgical and postsurgical medication at the first and second surgical phases, age, sex, buccal opening, number and position of implants, previous dental experiences, and the psychological preparation for dental implant treatment. The results of the statistical analysis indicate no correlation between pain and dental implantology procedures, in a private dental practice, at the level of significance of P > .001.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor ameliorates delayed neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after transient global ischemia in gerbils.

Thromboxane A2 accumulates in the hippocampus after global ischemia and may play a key role in postischemic hypoperfusion. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046) inhibits the accumulation of thromboxane A2 and promotes prostacycline production. Therefore, we set out to determine whether the inhibition of thromboxane synthesis would ameriolate postischemic neuronal death. Three groups of six Mongolian gerbils were subjected to different treatments: untreated control, untreated ischemia, and treated ischemia. Immediately after forebrain ischemia, OKY-046 (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into the treated group. After 7 days of survival, the histopathology of the brain was examined. Pyramidal cell density in the CA1 sector in the treated group was 147 +/- 70 nuclei/mm (mean +/- SD), which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than than in the untreated group (33 +/- 10 (nuclei/mm). The findings were 231 +/- 7 nuclei/mm for the control group. No significant difference was seen in the profile of temporal muscle temperature before and after ischemia between the groups. Ultrastructurally, the vessels in the CAI sector showed lumen patency in the treated group, whereas occluded vessels with an extended perivascular space were observed in the untreated group. Thromboxane synthetase inhibitor thus partly ameliorates the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus after forebrain ischemia, suggesting that thromboxane A2 is involved in the development of delayed neuronal death, independently of any thermal effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Electromyographic changes resulting from orthodontic correction of Class III malocclusion.

This study measured the electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes of the interference pattern (IP) and the integrated EMG (IEMG) of the masseter and temporal muscles in 10 children with Class III malocclusion before, during, and after treatment with a myofunctional appliance (the monobloc), and compared the EMG values with those obtained from 10 children with Class I occlusion. The results showed that before treatment the mean amplitude values of IP were significantly higher in the Class III than in the Class I group. The mean amplitude values for IP activity in both muscles decreased during and after treatment; however, mean values of the IEMG activity did not show significant change for either muscle. These results are attributed to changes in the length of the muscle fibres as well as to neural modifications. This study demonstrates a non-invasive method that can be used to study the functional effects of orthodontic treatment.

Child↗
PubMed2006

The role of peripheral Na(+) channels in triggering the central excitatory effects of intravenous cocaine.

While alterations in dopamine (DA) uptake appear to be a critical mechanism underlying locomotor and reinforcing effects of cocaine (COC), many centrally mediated physiological and affective effects of this drug are resistant to DA receptor blockade and are expressed more quickly following an intravenous (i.v.) injection than expected based on the dynamics of drug concentration in the brain. Because COC is also a potent local anesthetic, its rapid action on Na+ channels may be responsible for triggering these effects. We monitored temperatures in the nucleus accumbens, temporal muscle and skin together with conventional locomotion during a single i.v. injection of COC (1 mg/kg), procaine (PRO, 5 mg/kg; equipotential anesthetic dose), a short-acting local anesthetic drug that, like COC, interacts with Na+ channels, and cocaine methiodide (COC-MET, 1.31 mg/kg, equimolar dose), a quaternary COC derivative that is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. In this way, we explored not only the importance of Na+ channels in general, but also the importance of central vs. peripheral Na+ channels specifically. COC induced locomotor activation, temperature increase in the brain and muscle, and a biphasic temperature fluctuation in skin. Though PRO did not induce locomotor activation, it mimicked, to a greater degree, the temperature effects of COC. Therefore, Na+ channels appear to be a key substrate for COC-induced temperature fluctuations in the brain and periphery. Similar to PRO, COC-MET had minimal effects on locomotion, but mimicked COC in its ability to increase brain and muscle temperature, and induce transient skin hypothermia. It appears therefore that COC's interaction with peripherally located Na+ channels triggers its central excitatory effects manifested by brain temperature increase, thereby playing a major role in drug sensing and possibly contributing to COC reinforcement.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1989

Vascular headache from extracranial venous malformation.

Headache associated with intracranial venous anomalies is well described but headache associated with extracranial venous malformation previously has not been recognized. A case of extracranial venous malformation producing vascular headache is presented.

Adult↗