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PubMed1989

Biomicroscopic evaluation and photography of ocular toxoplasmosis.

The vitreous of 39 eyes with ocular toxoplasmosis was studied and photographed using an El Bayadi-Kajiura preset lens. In active cases of toxoplasmosis, the vitreous showed inflammatory opacities and gel shrinkage. In inactive cases, the vitreous was often liquefied. Compared with 39 normal eyes of age- and sex-matched controls, the prevalence of partial posterior vitreous detachment was significantly higher in toxoplasmosis (P less than .001). A higher prevalence of posterior vitreous detachment was found in eyes with the major chorioretinal lesion outside the temporal vascular arcade than in those with lesions inside the temporal vascular arcade (P less than .05). Our results indicated that various vitreous changes may cause posterior vitreous detachment and that location of the inflammatory focus may influence the vitreous condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Toxoplasma antibodies in children in Slovakia with potential toxoplasmosis].

Over the years 1984-1987, 829 children from the Slovak Socialist Republic, aged from 0 to 15 years, with suspect toxoplasmosis were examined for the presence of toxoplasma antibodies by the serodiagnostic methods RVK, NIR, and ELISA. The percentage of toxoplasma antibodies yielded by the individual methods was as follows: RVK--39.5%; NIR--74.4%; ELISA-IgG--67.7%; ELISA-IgM--60.4%. Based on these results the authors conclude that the child population up to the age of 15 years is an at risk group with an increased possibility of contracting toxoplasmosis by frequent contact with the soil, sand, water, and animals, as well as by consuming not adequately cleaned fruit and vegetables. To protect the child population from toxoplasmosis greater attention is to be given to hygienic, nutritional and serodiagnostic prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of focal CNS disease complicating AIDS and may afflict 10% to 33% of such patients. We present the clinical, neuroradiological and immunological findings in 5 cases with cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. All patients had focal neurological signs and symptoms; CT scan findings included single or multiple lesions with ring contrast enhancement, mass effect and oedema. CSF analysis showed increased protein levels, decreased glucose levels and pleocytosis; CSF IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies were positive in 4 patients; serum IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies were positive in all patients, while IgM resulted always negative in serum and in CSF. After therapy, in 2 cases CT scans showed small areas of encephalomalacia replacing the abscesses. We think that non-invasive techniques (CT scans, CSF and serum immunochemical tests) together with the finding of a favourable response to therapy may be useful for the diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, allowing to avoid invasive technique such as cerebral biopsy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Toxoplasmosis among cases of chronic tonsillitis.

One hundred cases aged 4-20 years and suffering from chronic tonsillitis were examined for Toxoplasma antibodies using indirect immunofluorescent test (IFAT). It was found that 37% of them were positive for toxoplasmosis. 41.5% of hypertrophic cases and 32% of atrophic ones had toxoplasmosis but the difference was statistically insignificant. The mean antibody titres were higher in both atrophic and hypertrophic cases than in the control group. The patients aged from 11-20 years had a higher titre of Toxoplasma antibodies than those aged below ten years. Trials to detect tachyzoites, cysts or pseudocysts in fixed paraffin sections using Hx & E, PAS or Giemsa stains were not successful. The histopathological picture of tonsils removed from positive cases of toxoplasmosis showed characteristics of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxoplasmosis and dermatomyositis: a causal or casual relationship?].

A case of a 10 year old girl with typical clinical, cutaneous and muscular picture of dermatomyositis and positive serological investigation for toxoplasmosis with neurological complications (hemiparesis and headache) is reported. In literature several case reports have suggested an association between acquired toxoplasmosis and polymyositis-dermatomyositis. A review of previous examples of this association is presented and the possible relationships between the disease are discussed. Although a certain causal relationship is not always established, we suggest that patients with active polymyositis or dermatomyositis should be studied serologically for toxoplasmosis, especially if steroid or immunosuppressive therapy is contemplated. We underline the importance, in these cases, of appropriate antiprotozoal therapy, that, in our experience and in most data reported in other cases, produces clinical benefit.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital toxoplasmosis in a 15 day-old infant. A case report.

A case congenital toxoplasmosis in a 15-day old infant was reported, citing the difficulties encountered in establishing the diagnosis due to the wide range of the disease's clinical spectrum. Congenital toxoplasmosis was suspected after finding hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification, and chorioretinitis. Serology tests with the ELISA technique were highly positive for antibodies against IgG, whereas anti-IgM was negative. The patient died before the second serological analysis was done. The final diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was eventually established at autopsy, based on the detection of T. gondii in the brain, testicular, liver, spleen and striated muscle tissues.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMed1989

[Homonymous lateral quadranopsia disclosing cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS].

A case of Homonymous lateral quadranopsia revealing cerebral toxoplasmosis is reported in AIDS patient. Neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations must be explored by neuro-radiologic examination. Nuclear magnetic resonance would rather be performed than CT scan. Frequencies of cerebral and ocular toxoplasmosis localisations are compared. Severity of toxoplasmosis localisation justifies an early diagnosis based on immunological assay detecting the infection. Prophylactic treatment has to be instored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis infection in the Czechoslovak population].

The authors discuss the coexistence of infection with toxoplasmosis and larval toxocariasis in man. Both these zoonoses are the most widespread and most serious of all tissue parasitoses on the territory of the CSSR. Knowledge of the incidence and frequency of concurrent infections is important for the differential diagnosis and therapy. In the introduction the authors mention briefly the incidence of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in animal hosts on the territory of the CSSR, deals with the developmental stages of the two parasites, Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati which are infectious also for man, and with the transmission of infection. In the world literature there are so far only two papers dealing with the parallel course of these two zoonoses and they present only one confirmed case of concurrent disease in man. In the diagnostic group investigated by the authors during examination of tissue helminthoses among almost 9000 examinations larval toxocarosis was diagnosed 798 times. These patients were examined repeatedly to investigate the dynamics of toxocaral antibodies and concurrently possible toxoplasmatic antibodies. In 45 instances concurrent toxoplasmosis was revealed. In the discussion the author deals with possibilities and interrelations of infection with the two parasitoses.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

The effect of some drugs on acute toxoplasmosis in mice.

The effect of some chemotherapeutics, on the course of acute toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected mice was studied. Obtained results showed that, praziquantel, levamisole had no effect on acute toxoplasmosis, while trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and clindamycin showed some prophylactic effect on acute toxoplasmosis in mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The incidence of toxoplasmosis among wild vertebrates of Turkmenia (based on serologic data)].

985 wild small mammals and birds were serologically investigated for toxoplasmosis from 1981 to 1984 in Turkmenia: antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect hemagglutination and immunofluorescent complement fixation reactions according to Goldwasser and Shepard were found in 247 (25.0%), in 11 of 17 investigated species of mammals and in 13 of 22 species of birds. A sharp rise in the toxoplasmosis infection level of wild mammals was found out serologically for the first time (from 1.2% in autumn, 1982 to 72.6% in spring, 1983) followed by its reduction against the reduction in the number of animals. This must have taken place as a result of heavy toxoplasmosis epizootics in the region of investigations which is frequented by wild and domestic cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of ELIFA and IGM-immunocapture technics in the diagnosis of 50 cases of congenital toxoplasmosis].

The authors have compared the diagnostic value in congenital toxoplasmosis of two recently developed immunological techniques, Enzyme Linked immunofiltration Assay (ELIFA) and IgM-immunocapture (or immunosorbent agglutination assay). The study involved 50 children suffering from congenital toxoplasmosis and 300 unscathed control children, whose mothers suffered from toxoplasmosis during their pregnancies. The ELIFA technique showed a sensitivity of 74 p. cent at the end of the first month after birth (day 30) and 84 p. cent after two months (day 60), whereas the IgM-immunocapture technique gave a sensitivity of 64 p. cent at day 30 and 70 p. cent at day 60. Both methods were at least 95 p. cent specific. The two techniques seem to be complementary to each other, and their association allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed in 80 p. cent of cases at day 30 and in 90 p. cent of cases at day 60. A serum sample taken on the tenth day after birth (day 10) was important both to eliminate the rare cases (5 p. cent) of transplacental transmission of maternal IgM antibodies and to detect transient neonatal synthesis of IgG or IgM toxoplasmic antibodies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Disseminated toxoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Fourteen cases of toxoplasmosis in subjects at autopsy with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reviewed. Death was related to toxoplasmosis in four cases: in three from central nervous system complications and in one case from myocarditis. In six cases the infection was identified outside of the central nervous system and in only two cases was infection disseminated to multiple extracerebral organs. Review of clinical history and laboratory data revealed no specific risk factors or laboratory indicators associated with toxoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Though inflammatory cell infiltrates often accompanied disseminated infections, diagnosis could be made with certainty only by finding characteristic Toxoplasma organisms, either as free tachyzoites, pseudocysts, or as true parasitic cysts. We found immunohistochemical staining to have limited usefulness for diagnosis in extracerebral sites. Characteristic Toxoplasma organisms were most readily identified in central nervous system tissues in our acquired immunodeficiency syndrome population, making this the most useful site for diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Congenital nephrotic syndrome associated with congenital toxoplasmosis].

The authors report the case of a 1 month-old infant presenting with congenital toxoplasmosis associated with nephrotic syndrome and microscopic hematuria. Percutaneous renal biopsy showed a diffuse mild increase in mesangial cells and matrix, but immunofluorescence was negative. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of extensive fusion of foot processes. A review of the nephropathy of congenital toxoplasmosis is presented. Outcome seems to be favorable under steroid therapy. The pathophysiology of nephropathy is discussed, as well as the relationships or coincidence between congenital toxoplasmosis and nephrotic syndrome.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Sequential determination of IgG subclasses and IgA specific antibodies in primary and reactivating toxoplasmosis.

During the course of T. gondii infection, we have analysed serum IgG and IgA antibodies responses in 50 immunocompetent with acquired infection and 19 immunocompromised patients with evidence of reactivated toxoplasmosis. Using an ELISA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgA antibodies were found in sera of all patients, whereas IgG4 antibodies were usually not detectable. In immunocompetent patients, the predominant antibody isotype was IgG1 at the different stages of infection, presumably in relation with a T-cell control of humoral response during toxoplasmosis. In immunocompromised hosts (kidney or bone marrow transplanted and HIV infected patients), a sequential study was performed on serum samples taken before and after reactivation had occurred. The isotypic distribution of antibodies was similar to that observed in immunocompetent patients, but differences between groups of immunocompromised patients were detected when the kinetics of the antibody response was considered. The IgG and IgA antibody rise was lower in HIV1 infected patients with clinical toxoplasmosis; whatever was the peak antibody value, clinical symptoms appeared earlier in patients with a slower antibody response. This presumably reveals a functional T-cell abnormality, which may rely to the defective containment of the parasite in these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Congenital toxoplasmosis: value of modern IgM serodiagnosis is from the example of problem cases].

Congenital toxoplasmosis may be symptomatic or asymptomatic at the time of birth. In the latter case late manifestations may occur which can be avoided by early diagnosis and treatment. In comparison with the IgM-IFT we demonstrate the specificity and high sensitivity of a recently available immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA) for the detection of IgM against toxoplasma. We also present evidence for the high diagnostic value of the ISAGA in cases where congenital toxoplasmosis is suspected. Based on the presented data we propose a pattern of diagnostic methods for the diagnosis or exclusion of congenital toxoplasmosis in newborns.

Antibodies, Protozoan↗
PubMed1986

Protection against experimental toxoplasmosis by adoptive immunotherapy.

The role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity against toxoplasmosis in experimentally infected guinea pigs was examined by using a syngeneic passive transfer system. Serum or spleen and lymph node cells from guinea pigs immune to infection with the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii conferred partial protection against symptomatic disease in recipient guinea pigs. This result was based on the reduced dissemination or growth of T. gondii parasites from the primary inoculation site to various selected organ sites of the recipients of immune serum or cells. Similar levels of partial protection against disseminated toxoplasmosis occurred in animals infused with cell suspensions enriched for immune T cells, whereas treatment of immune cells with a monoclonal anti-guinea pig T cell antibody plus complement abolished their ability to transfer resistance. These findings provide substantial direct evidence implicating both cellular and humoral components of the immune response as important effector mechanisms in host resistance to toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Serologic study of toxoplasmosis in an ambulatory population in 1984-1986].

The authors refer the results of a serological investigation about Toxoplasmosis done on 4119 patients during 1984-1986 related to a similar research executed on 2119 patients during 1976-1979. The results show a constant yearly increase of requests of Toxoplasmosis test and a progressive increase of the serologically negative cases. The authors suggest an improvement of Toxoplasmosis epidemiology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating bone marrow transplantation.

Cerebral toxoplasmosis occurred in a 34-year-old patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia following bone marrow transplantation. The clinical picture included headaches, nuchal rigidity, and right-sided hemiparesis during a course of disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was based on serologic evidence and typical computed tomography scan of the brain as well as clinical improvement following specific anti-Toxoplasma treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cerebral toxoplasmosis in Israel.

Adult↗