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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Ambulatory treatment of psoriasis: combined use of occlusive dressings with locacorten tar at night and 'open' treatment with locasalen during the day.

Fifty patients with refractory psoriasis were treated with a combined method consisting in the application of occlusive dressings with Locacorten Tar ointment at night and of 'open' treatment (without occlusive dressings) with Locasalen ointment during the day. The aim of this trial was to obtain the benefit of the occlusive-dressing method without having to hospitalize the patients. The mean time required for the eradication of psoriatic scales was 3.46 days, while that needed for complete recovery was 14 days. The results clearly indicated that this combined approach has all the advantages of occlusives dressings but allows the patient greater freedom during the day. The very good effect of the treatment is also attributable to the triple action obtained with this combination: the anti-epidermoplastic effect of flumethasone pivalate, the squamolytic effect of salicylic acid, and the keratoplastic action of the tar compound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Natural selection of PAH-degrading bacterial guilds at coal-tar disposal sites.

Microbial activity patterns at buried coal-tar disposal sites have been under investigation for several years to determine the response of naturally occurring microflora to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the sites. At one site in upstate New York, data have shown enrichment of PAH-degrading bacteria in subsurface contaminated zones but not in uncontaminated zones. Similar work at a midwestern site showed that the same trends existed in a heterogeneous disposal site except that a borehole outside the plume showed some PAH-mineralization activity. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA extracted from sediment samples from the New York site indicated the presence of naphthalene metabolism genes nahAc and nahR, similar to those found on the NAH7 plasmid of Pseudomonas putida G7. Significant sequence polymorphism was observed in amplified nahAc products, indicating that divergent homologs of nahAc were present in the native community. Protozoan numbers were elevated in sediment samples displaying relatively high PAH-degrading activity, suggesting that a food chain was established based on PAH-degrading bacteria. Removal of the coal-tar source at the site occurred in 1991. In 1992, sampling of three key borehole stations revealed that mixing and backfilling operations had introduced soil microorganisms into the source area and introduced 14C-PAH-mineralization activity into the previously inactive pristine area. Thus removal of the source of the contaminants and restoration at the site have altered the microbial activity patterns outside the contaminant plume as well as in the source area.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide in the sidestream smoke from 15 brands of Canadian cigarettes.

Sidestream smoke yields for 15 brands of cigarettes were determined under conditions where mainstream yields were approximately equal to those used for determining the values which appear on packages of Canadian cigarettes. Sidestream yields of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide were much higher than mainstream yields for all brands tested. The average sidestream-to-mainstream ratios for the 15 brands were 3.5, 6.6, and 6.8 for tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, respectively. The highest yields of sidestream were obtained from the brands with the lowest mainstream yields.

Canada↗
PubMed1985

Mortality among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles and welding emissions: an exercise in epidemiologic triage.

The United Automobile Workers International Union has established a system of epidemiologic triage to evaluate patterns of mortality among groups of union members. In response to worker concerns, the Union examined mortality at a metal stamping plant, using a method which linked pension records with the State of Michigan computerized death registry. The observed proportion of malignant neoplasms was nearly twice that expected (95% Confidence Limits 1.36, 2.62). Two- to five-fold excess proportional mortality from cancer of the digestive organs, lung cancer, and leukemia accounted for most of the overall excess. Strong associations were found between lung and digestive organ cancer and employment as maintenance welders or millwrights in the plant (odds ratios greater than 10). High levels of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with mutagenic and carcinogenic properties were found during hot coal tar application to wood block floors, work conducted by the high-risk groups. These levels were substantially reduced following the purchase of new tar pots. The example demonstrates that epidemiologic tools can play a valuable role in occupational health decision making, but care must be taken to avoid mechanical reliance on quantitative testing and to acknowledge the important role of social and political value judgments in the establishment of responsible public policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Estimated production by the official inspection of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) in 1997].

The number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1997 till March in 1998 were 571 in total. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 160.3 ton in Japan. The production of color in each month was summarised in Table 1, and by each producing company in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No.4, occupying 39.8% in this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis of heavy oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar by capillary gas chromatography/fourier transform infrared spectrometry].

Capillary gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry-gas chromatography retention indices (GC/FTIR-RI), combined with the linear relationship between retention value and boiling points for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, performed the determination of the composition of heavy oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar. More than 70 and 61 compounds were separated and identified in heavy oil fractions F7(300-330 degrees C) and F8(330-360 degrees C) respectively. The results are useful in coal tar distillation processing and pollution monitoring when such compounds are present.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1999

[Determination of B(a)p contents of pine tar and its extractives].

In this paper, the B(a)P contents of pine tar and its extractives A, B were determined by PC-Scanning method. After combining extraction by caffeine and formic acid with PC-Scanning method, the B(a)P contents were obtained. The results showed the B(a)P contents of pine tar and its extractives A, B were 6171.3 ppb, 2285.2 ppb, 129.6 ppb, among them, the B(a)P content of B was the lowest.

Benzo(a)pyrene↗
PubMed1991

[Estimated production by the official inspection of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) in 1990 based on official inspection figures].

The number of official inspections of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from april in 1990 till march in 1991 was 836 in total. The quantity passed amounted to 238 ton in Japan. The production of color for each month was summarised in Table 1, and by each producing company in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, occupying 46.2% in this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1992

[Estimated production of coal-tar dyes (including dye aluminum lakes) based on official inspections in 1991].

The total number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1991 to March 1992 was 835. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 240 tons in Japan. The official production of color dyes each month in summarised in Table 1 and that by various manufacturers in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, occupying 44.6% of the total during this period.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1989

[The rabbit ear model as an acnegenicity test. 2. Effect of coal tar on follicle and sebaceous gland epithelium tumor induction].

Tar produced from hard coal was found to be acanthogenic to the interfollicular epiderm of rabbit ear skin and comedogenic to follicular epithelium in short-term (two weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) tests. Histological and autoradiographic experiments revealed a hyperproliferative effect in all cases in long-term tests. This contrasts with the atrophying effects reported by other authors. Tar application reduced the sebaceous gland area per follicle. Benignant epidermal tumours consisting of papillomas with a striking degree of sebaceous gland proliferation appeared on the rabbit ear skin after 8 weeks at the earliest.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Skin reaction to dithranol and its modification by the addition of tar (LCD)].

In spite of 70 years' continuous use of dithranol for the topical treatment of psoriasis, there are few reports of contact hypersensitivity reactions to this compound. A male patient with psoriasis had an adverse skin reaction to the traditional topical dithranol treatment; patch tests revealed contact dermatitis in response to 0.02% dithranol in petrolatum, which was characterized by marked erythema and severe bullous reaction to 0.1% dithranol in acetone. A control group of ten volunteers tested under similar conditions did not react with marked erythema until a concentration of 0.1% dithranol in petrolatum was applied. When liquid tar (5% liquor carbonis detergens, LCD) was added to the patch test solutions concentrations that were clearly one or two steps higher were needed before the erythematous skin reaction was induced. Since minimal erythema generally appears in patch tests with greater than or equal to 0.05% dithranol in petrolatum, we believe that in the patient reported here contact hypersensitivity to dithranol was present. The development of large perilesional erythematous areas with accompanying edema during topical dithranol treatment supports this suggestion. It seems that the addition of liquid tar elevates the reaction threshold to dithranol in hypersensitive patients with psoriasis.

Anthralin↗
PubMed1988

Nonselective and selective methods for biological monitoring of exposure to coal-tar products.

Biological monitoring of exposure to coal-tar products has been carried out using the nonselective urinary mutagenicity and thioether assays and a selective method for the detection of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. The sensitivities of the three methods have been compared. In several work environments, no increase that could be related to exposure to coal-tar products was found with the nonselective methods, whereas the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine were enhanced. The applicability of the method for the detection of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine is further demonstrated.

Coal Tar↗
PubMed1986

Smoking habits and tar levels in a new American Cancer Society prospective study of 1.2 million men and women.

In 1982 the American Cancer Society (ACS) enrolled over 1.2 million American men and women in a prospective mortality study of cancer and other causes in relation to environmental and life-style factors. Biennial follow-up is planned through 1988. At the time of enrollment, 23.6% of the men and 20.0% of the women were current smokers of cigarettes. Compared with a similar ACS study of 1 million subjects enrolled 23 years earlier, among men the proportion of current smokers was halved and that of ex-smokers doubled, while among women the proportion of ever-smokers increased by 10% and that of ex-smokers quadrupled. Most smokers of filter cigarettes had smoked nonfiltered cigarettes earlier in life. The median year for switching to filters was 1964, the year of the first Surgeon General's report. More than one-third of male smokers' and one-half of female smokers' current brands had tar yields below 12 mg; less than 9% of male smokers' and 4% of female smokers' current brands had tar yields of 20.2 mg or more (nonfilters). The study population differed in many respects from the general U.S. population; the study population had, for example, a much higher average educational level. Nevertheless, distributions of smoking habits changed a few percentage points after adjustment to the educational level of the general population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Appearance of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons during construction of asphalt and tar road surfaces].

The dust was sampled using personal samplers and stationary aspirators. PAHs were determined by thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometry in the UV and Vis range. In the samples the concentrations of coal tar pitch volatiles (benzene extract) and phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, perylene, 1,12 benzoperylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd) pyrene were determined. The qualitative analysis identified all these hydrocarbons but only fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphene and benzo(a)pyrene could be quantitatively determined. The benzene extract concentration exceeds the value of 0.2 mg/m3 in 50% of samples. Much higher results were obtained for tar-concrete (1.45-2.85 mg/m3) than for asphalt-concrete (0.14-0.71 mg/m3). Also the drivers are exposed to excess benzene extract concentrations (0.055-0.669 mg/m3). Laboratory workers were found to be exposed to high concentrations of PAH and several solvents.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1984

Skin blood flow in psoriasis during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy.

Skin blood flow (SBF) was measured by the laser Doppler technique in lesional and clinically normal skin of 8 patients with psoriasis vulgaris during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy. The SBF measurements were performed before therapy and 1, 2, and 3-4 weeks after treatment was initiated. The results were compared to a clinical psoriasis index based on the objective assessment of infiltration, erythema, and scaling of the psoriatic plaques. The pre-treatment value of SBF in lesional skin was about 9 times higher than that of clinically normal skin. During therapy SBF of involved skin decreased rapidly approaching that of uninvolved skin after 3-4 weeks. Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the SBF values and the clinical psoriasis index. It is concluded that SBF in psoriatic lesions decreases significantly during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy, and that this variable might be used to obtain a quantitative measure of the disease activity.

Adult↗