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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The social adjustment of deaf adolescents in segregated parially integrated and mainstreamed settings.

This study examined the social adjustment of deaf adolescents enrolled in segregated (&egr; = 39), partially integrated (&egr; = 15), and mainstreamed (&egr; = 17) settings, comparing them with a control group of hearing students (&egr; = 88). Segregated students showed the lowest levels of adjustment overall. Partially integrated students reported better adjustment overall. Partially integrated students reported better adjustment than mainstreamed students with deaf peers; mainstreamed students reported better adjustment than partially integrated students with hearing peers, showing the same levels of adjustment with hearing peers as hearing students. Regardless of placement, deaf students reported better or equal adjustment with deaf than with hearing peers. Social adjustment with deaf peers was related to American Sign Language (ASL) skill and adjustment with hearing peers to spoken English. These findings suggest tht deaf students can benefit from both segregated and integrated placements as complememtary forms of social experience that each contribute to overal adjustment.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

The perceptual characteristics of voice-hallucinations in deaf people: insights into the nature of subvocal thought and sensory feedback loops.

The study of voice-hallucinations in deaf individuals, who exploit the visuomotor rather than auditory modality for communication, provides rare insight into the relationship between sensory experience and how "voices" are perceived. Relatively little is known about the perceptual characteristics of voice-hallucinations in congenitally deaf people who use lip-reading or sign language as their preferred means of communication. The existing literature on hallucinations in deaf people is reviewed, alongside consideration of how such phenomena may fit into explanatory subvocal articulation hypotheses proposed for auditory verbal hallucinations in hearing people. It is suggested that a failure in subvocal articulation processes may account for voice-hallucinations in both hearing and deaf people but that the distinct way in which hallucinations are experienced may be due to differences in a sensory feedback component, which is influenced by both auditory deprivation and language modality. This article highlights how the study of deaf people may inform wider understanding of auditory verbal hallucinations and subvocal processes generally.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1998

Septo-orbitoperiostoplasty for the treatment of palpebral bags: a 10-year experience.

The orbital region is sensitive to the undesirable effects of any surgical intervention, because of its anatomical location and the importance of the eyelids in facial sign language. The procedures performed for correction of baggy eyelids may have remarkable undesired results. In recent years, we have made a special effort to analyze the causes, to minimize these undesirable effects, and to be able to offer patients more natural and safer results. We have designed a new technique called septo-orbitoperiostoplasty for the treatment of baggy eyelids, based on preservation of orbital fat and correction of the supportive layer. This technique consists of placing the orbital fat back into the orbital cavity and its retention by suturing the lax septum to the periosteum of the orbital rim. Neither an incision on the orbital septum nor an excision of the orbital fat is performed. It can be performed for both upper and lower eyelids. This paper describes the surgical procedure and shows the results obtained from 74 patients who had been treated with this technique over a 10-year period. All patients were followed up for an average of 5 years.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

The extraction and use of facial features in low bit-rate visual communication.

A review is given of experimental investigations by the author and his collaborators into methods of extracting binary features from images of the face and hands. The aim of the research has been to enable deaf people to communicate by sign language over the telephone network. Other applications include model-based image coding and facial-recognition systems. The paper deals with the theoretical postulates underlying the successful experimental extraction of facial features. The basic philosophy has been to treat the face as an illuminated three-dimensional object and to identify features from characteristics of their Gaussian maps. It can be shown that in general a composite image operator linked to a directional-illumination estimator is required to accomplish this, although the latter can often be omitted in practice.

Face↗
PubMed1997

Content-based indexing of images and video.

By representing image content using probabilistic models of an object's appearance we can obtain semantics-preserving compression of the image data. Such compact representations of an image's salient features allow rapid computer searches of even large image databases. Examples are shown for databases of face images, a video of American sign language (ASL), and a video of facial expressions.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

The cultural bounds of maternal accommodation: how Chinese and American mothers communicate with deaf and hearing children.

Children with special needs typically require family accommodation to those needs. We explore here the extent to which cultural forces shape the accommodations mothers make when communicating with young deaf children. Sixteen mother-child dyads (8 Chinese, 8 American) were videotaped at home. In each culture, 4 mothers interacted with their deaf children, and 4 interacted with their hearing children. None of the deaf children knew sign language, nor spoke at age level. We found that mothers adjusted their communicative behaviors to their deaf children, but in every case, those adjustments were calibrated to cultural norms. American mothers, for example, increased their use of gesture with deaf children but stopped far short of the Chinese range--despite the obvious potential benefits of gesturing to children who cannot hear. These findings provide the first cross-cultural demonstration that children are, first and foremost, inculcated into their cultures and, only within that framework, then treated as special cases.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1997

Detection of behavioural and emotional problems in deaf children and adolescents: comparison of two rating scales.

The aim of this study was to establish rates of behavioural and emotional problems, and of social maladjustment, in a population of deaf children, particularly in relation to different methods of communication. The parents of 84 children who attended two schools for the deaf took part. They completed the parents' checklist (PCL), a behaviour rating scale for deaf children, and the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), a measure widely used in the general population. The two instruments were significantly correlated on the severity of behavioural and emotional problems, but their previously established cut-off scores detected different rates of possible clinical cases, i.e. children with mental health disorders. According to the CBCL, 40% of children were within the clinical range, and 82% were socially dysfunctional compared with the general population. The PCL identified a much higher percentage (77%) of caseness. Behavioural and emotional problems were significantly higher in Asian children. Although all subjects used sign language, the additional use of speech, which may indicate increased hearing ability, had a protective effect for adolescents. The findings are discussed in relation to the validation of the instruments and the development of intervention programmes for deaf children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Normal growth in Angelman syndrome due to paternal UPD.

We describe 2 patients with Angelman syndrome (AS) due to paternal uniparental disomy (UPD). One patient is a female aged 30 years and the other a male aged 4 1/2 years. Both have the characteristic wide mouth and big chin, moderate mental retardation, virtually no speech but some 30 words of sign language and a happy disposition with outbursts of laughter. Ataxia is minimal in both patients, manifesting mainly when they are excited or running. Both patients are tall (height around 90th percentile), have a head circumference around 75th percentile and are overweight (weight over the 97th percentile). These cases add to the knowledge of the possibility of normal or increased growth parameters, particularly weight, in AS when the genetic mechanism is paternal UPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identity patterns and self- and teacher-perceptions of problems for deaf adolescents: a research note.

The present study investigated self- and teacher-perceptions of deaf adolescents in relation to cultural identity. Fifty-one deaf adolescents completed the Porteous Checklist and Deaf Identity Scale presented in British Sign Language. Subjects were assigned to deaf, hearing or dual identity groups. Results suggest that deaf adolescents' self-perceived concerns are not dissimilar in content or severity to those of their hearing peers, although certain issues may assume a particular significance in the presence of deafness. The hypothesis that the hearing identity group would report most problems was not supported. Teachers rated the dual identity group as having the fewest difficulties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric disorder in deaf and hearing impaired children and young people: a prevalence study.

Psychiatric screening questionnaires for deaf children and adolescents were piloted in a group of 62 children, aged 11-16 years, attending a residential school. The questionnaires, Parent's Checklist (PCL) and Teacher's Checklist (TCL) were then used to screen a group of 93 children attending one Deaf School and three Hearing Impaired Units (HIU). Psychiatric assessments were conducted with a highly structured diagnostic interview, the Child Assessment Schedule (CAS). The interview with signing deaf children was conducted with a sign language interpreter. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the whole group was 50.3%, 42.4% in the group attending the Deaf School and 60.9% for the group attending the HIUs. An aetiological model of psychiatric disorder in this group is proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Oral health care knowledge and practices of a group of deaf adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the oral health care knowledge and practices of a group of deaf adolescents in Lagos. METHODS: The study involved 50 students of Wesley School 1 for the Deaf, Lagos (26 males and 24 females, aged 10-19 years, mean 13.3 +/- 2.8). Information about previous dental care, oral hygiene, and snacking habits were obtained through a questionnaire and sign language by the teachers. RESULTS: Only 12 percent of pupils had received dental care. Eight percent and 72 percent, respectively, gave correct answers to causes of tooth decay and bleeding gums. Ninety-four percent brushed their teeth once daily, with no significant sex difference (P > .05). Reported dental problems include bleeding gums (36%), tooth discoloration, and tooth decay. The majority of pupils (60%) preferred biscuits and soft drinks as snacks. More than 90 percent were willing to have a dental check-up. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health knowledge and practices of this group of children will improve through a controlled school-based oral health education program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Congenital non-syndromal autosomal recessive deafness in Bengkala, an isolated Balinese village.

Bengkala is an Indonesian village located on the north shore of Bali that has existed for over 700 years. Currently, 2.2% of the 2185 people in this village have profound congenital deafness. In response to the high incidence of deafness, the people of Bengkala have developed a village specific sign language which is used by many of the hearing and deaf people. Deafness in Bengkala is congenital, sensorineural, non-syndromal, and caused by a fully penetrant autosomal recessive mutation at the DFNB3 locus. The frequency of the DFNB3 mutation is estimated to be 9.4% among hearing people who have a 17.2% chance of being heterozygous for DFNB3.

Alleles↗
PubMed1997

Clinical features in four patients with Angelman syndrome resulting from paternal uniparental disomy.

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a complex neurological disorder with different genetic aetiologies. It is not known whether the clinical features vary depending on the genetic mechanism. We report four patients with AS owing to uniparental disomy (UPD). There were two males and two females, with a mean age of 8 years (range 7 to 11 years). All patients had a happy disposition, hyperactive behaviour, and the characteristic facial phenotype of AS, but in three there was a normal head circumference, two had epilepsy, ataxic movements were mild in three, the mean age of onset of walking was 2.4 years, and there was some sign language in all four patients. Our cases add further weight to the previously reported impressions of a milder phenotype in cases of AS resulting from UPD than in deleted AS patients. Patients suspected of having AS, but who are considered atypical, warrant DNA testing.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Localization of a novel autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment locus (DFNB38) to 6q26-q27 in a consanguineous kindred from Pakistan.

For autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment over 30 loci have been mapped and 19 genes have been identified. DFNB38, a novel locus for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment, was localized in a consanguineous Pakistani kindred to 6q26-q27. The affected family members present with profound prelingual sensorineural hearing impairment and use sign language for communications. Linkage was established to microsatellite markers located on chromosome 6q26-q27 (Multipoint lod score 3.6). The genetic region for DFNB38 spans 10.1 cM according to the Marshfield genetic map and is bounded by markers D6S980 and D6S1719. This genetic region corresponds to 3.4 MB on the sequence-based physical map.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1998

Cultural and linguistic barriers to mental health service access: the deaf consumer's perspective.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about mental illness and providers held by a group of deaf adults. METHOD: The American Sign Language interviews of 54 deaf adults were analyzed. RESULTS: Recurrent themes included mistrust of providers, communication difficulty as a primary cause of mental health problems, profound concern with communication in therapy, and widespread ignorance about how to obtain services. CONCLUSIONS: Deaf consumers' views need due consideration in service delivery planning. Outreach regarding existing programs is essential.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of the fifth digit in music: discussion paper.

The increasing digital skill made manifest in the development of instrumental music is reviewed and supports the hypothesis that the fifth digit was belatedly used even when a suitable instrument had already become established. With notable exceptions, such as the harp, it appears that progressive improvements in instrument design was influenced by the need to utilize the fifth digits. Its greater use was accomplished in overlapping stages of increasing dexterity, of which the highest is exemplified by the left hand of the violinist. The apparent evolutional background of these observations is discussed. It is proposed that man has an inherent atavistic tendency to ignore the fifth digit and this view agrees with its neglect in gesture and sign language.

Fingers↗
PubMed2001

Neurologic course of congenital disorders of glycosylation.

Congenital disorders of glycosylation, formerly called carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, may present in infancy with slowly progressive neurologic deficits including cognitive impairment, ataxia, pigmentary retinal degeneration, and neuropathy. The metabolic defect is in N-linked oligosaccharide synthesis, and diagnosis is made by a serum transferrin isoelectric focusing. We reviewed the neurologic course of 10 children with congenital disorders of glycosylation (ages 13 months to 7 years). All had severe developmental delay and ataxia; none walked unassisted, and the highest level of communication was simple sign language in one patient. Five of 10 children had seizures (absence, complex partial, tonic clonic). Only one patient has had strokelike episodes, despite reports that they are common in this population. The underlying basis of these episodes has been hypothesized to be coagulopathy due to dysfunctional, incorrectly glycosylated coagulation factors. This 5-year-old patient with congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia had two strokelike episodes, with evolving hemiparesis over 5 to 6 days' duration, followed by focal tonic-clonic seizures. Coagulation studies were normal. Electroencephalography showed transient hemispheric polymorphous delta-range slowing and suppression. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed corresponding cortical swelling. Magnetic resonance angiography was normal. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate peak, suggesting neuronal loss, with normal lactate peak. The neuroradiologic data do not support a thrombotic, embolic, or hemorrhagic basis for strokelike episodes in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome; other mechanisms must be considered.

Aspartic Acid↗