Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SWEDEN”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Sweden's no-fault patient-injury insurance.

Sweden has introduced a nationwide nofault patient-injury compensation plan. The plan was not introduced because malpractice insurance costs were high, but because so few injured patients received compensation through the tort liability system. With certain exceptions, compensation is provided for loss that occurs as a result of injury related to hospitalization or medical care. The insurance plan has completed 12 months of operation. It total cost is less than 50 cents per citizen, and it is financed from general tax revenue. Sweden's experience can be projected to a population the size of the United States, and the results compared to United States malpractice liability figures. Such a comparison indicates a total number of awards greater than that of the United States, but a lower average amount per award.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1992

Alloalbuminemia in Sweden: structural study and phenotypic distribution of nine albumin variants.

Plasma samples exhibiting alloalbuminemia on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 were requested from clinical laboratories throughout Sweden. Nine variants, each representing a different single point mutation, were found in 100 apparently unrelated Swedes. The overall prevalence of alloalbuminemia was estimated at 1:1700. Mutations were identified by protein-structural analysis followed by allele-specific DNA hybridization to verify the most common types. Slightly retarded (+1) mobility was seen in 80 cases. Of these, 71 had the Arg(-2)----Cys proalbumin variant previously called Malmö I proalbumin. Thirteen examples of the second most frequent type, the substitution Lys313----Asn and a mobility change of -1 charge unit, were found, as well as six cases of Glu570----Lys (albumin B) and a single case of Arg-1----Gln (proalbumin Christchurch). Five previously unreported types of alloalbuminemia were identified: four instances of Glu376----Gln, which is the second known mutation at this site; two examples of Asp550----Ala, the second mutation reported at this site; and one example each of Asp63----Asn, Gln268----Arg, and Asn318----Lys. Other mutations were identified among eight subjects of foreign descent. The high frequency and relatively uniform geographic distribution of the Arg-2----Cys mutation suggest that it may have occurred in a founder individual many generation ago in Sweden.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Injuries from motorcycle- and moped crashes in Sweden from 1987 to 1999.

The objective of this paper is to study injuries from motorcycle and moped crashes in Sweden from 1987 to 1999. Databases at the National Board for Health and Welfare and codes from both ICD9 and ICD10 systems were used, including patterns of age, gender, E-code and type of injury. Length of hospital stay, type of injuries and trends over time was evaluated. To get a more detailed picture of the age distribution, type of vehicle used and number of killed, data from the Swedish National Road Administration were also used. In Sweden, 27,122 individuals received in-patient care due to motorcycle and moped injuries between 1987 and 1999. The motorcycle and moped injury rate was reduced in the second half of the studied period and so were the total days of treatment per year. Males had eight times the incidence of injuries compared to females. Riders under the age of 26 and in particular those at an age of 15 had the highest incidence rate. Head injuries were the most frequent diagnosis, followed by fractures to the lower limbs. Concussion was the most frequent head injury. Focal and diffuse brain injuries combined showed the same frequency as concussion. It is concluded that more preventative strategies must be presented before the injury rate can be reduced.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2003

Neck injuries among the elderly in Sweden.

Neck injuries are some of the most important injuries as they have the potential to influence the spinal cord. A previous national survey of neck injuries in Sweden revealed that injury incidence was increasing for the population over 65 years of age, although it was decreasing for the population as a whole. The aim of this study was therefore to further clarify the magnitude, severity, and external causes of neck injuries in the elderly people in Sweden. A national incidence study, with focus on the age group above 65 years, was undertaken with data from the injury surveillance program at the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The investigation includes cervical vertebral fractures reported between 1987 and 1999, and cervical soft tissue injuries from 1997 to 1999. Data in the hospital discharge register were reported in ICD9 from 1987 to 1996, while data from 1997 to 1999 were reported in ICD10. During the study period 4168 cervical injuries occurred of which 341 were fatal. People above 65 years of age made up 17% of the population and sustained 30% of all cervical injuries and 43% of all fatal cervical injuries. Half of the cervical injuries were axis (C2) fractures. Lower vertebral fractures occurred in 16% of the cases and atlas (C1) fractures in 11%. The cervical soft tissue injuries amount to 19% of all injuries. Fall accidents account for the majority (71%) of the accidents. There is an increasing trend for fall accidents resulting in neck injuries. The male population has a higher incidence for neck fractures than females, disregarding the external cause of injury. The upper cervical injuries are the most common, have the longest hospital treatments, and seem to be caused mainly by low energy falls. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of these injuries and in this aspect engineering could contribute with valuable knowledge, through accident simulations with numerical models. The increasing incidence of fall injuries calls for further preventive actions. The public sector should implement preventive strategies to reduce the number of extrinsic accidents, while the health care sector should focus on preventing intrinsic accidents with individual actions for each patients.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2005

Intake of alkylresorcinols from wheat and rye in the United Kingdom and Sweden.

Alkylresorcinols, phenolic lipids present in high amounts in whole-grain wheat and rye but not present in appreciable amounts in other foods, are candidates as biomarkers of whole-grain intake from these cereals. We estimated the intake of alkylresorcinols in Sweden and the UK using two different methods: food supply data (FSD); food consumption data (FCD; based on individual and household survey data). The average per capita intake of alkylresorcinols in Sweden was 17.5 mg/d (FSD) and 22.9 (sd 16.6) mg/d (FCD), while in the UK it was 11.9 mg/d (FSD) and 11.8 (sd 18.62) mg/d (FCD). Ninety-six per cent of all Swedes consumed some alkylresorcinols, compared with 50 % of British people surveyed. Both women and men over the age of 40 years had a higher alkylresorcinol intake than younger people. The average results from the two methods were similar, but the FCD data provided more detail about the range of alkylresorcinol intake, and indicate that because the intake of alkylresorcinols varies so widely, they may be good markers of diets rich or poor in whole-grain wheat/rye products.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Trends in food intakes in Swedish adults 1986-1999: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in reported food frequency in adults between 1986 and 1999. DESIGN: Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys. SETTING: Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. SUBJECTS: The Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) population, four independent cross-sectional surveys in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999. Randomly selected age-stratified samples of the population aged 25-64 years. Analysis is based on 2982 males and 3087 females who completed an 84-item food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Between 1986 and 1999, average reported consumption of 3%-fat milk decreased from 42 to 7 intakes month(-1) in men and from 28 to 4 intakes month(-1) in women. Reported use of 1.5%-fat milk increased from 6 to 27 intakes month(-1) in men and from 6 to 24 in women. Monthly intakes of potatoes and root vegetables decreased from 38 to 27 in men and from 39 to 32 in women. Consumption of pasta increased from 4 to 7 intakes month(-1) in both sexes. Intakes of solid fats with 80% fat content dropped from 92 to 62 per month in men and from 78 to 52 per month in women, whereas use of 40%-fat spread increased from 12 to 22 intakes month(-1) in men and from 5 to 26 in women. Monthly intakes of vegetable oil increased from 3 to 12 in men and from 3 to 15 in women. The percentage of overweight or obese individuals (body mass index >25 kg m(-2)) increased from 52 to 65% in men and from 41 to 52% in women (P for linear trend in all these changes, <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate reduced consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fats. In spite of that, there is an unbroken trend towards increased obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Reintervention after laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in Sweden 1987-1995: analysis of data from a hospital discharge register.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the incidence of cholecystectomy and of reintervention after cholecystectomy in Sweden 1987 to 1995, and to compare mortality and reintervention after simple laparoscopic and conventional open cholecystectomy (without exploration of the common bile duct or simultaneous operation). DESIGN: Analysis of data from Swedish national registers. SETTING: Two hospitals and government department, Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality and reintervention during readmission within one year after cholecystectomy classified as: reoperation on bile duct, endoscopic or percutaneous reintervention, or reoperation for wound complication, bleeding, or unspecified cause. RESULTS: Incidence of cholecystectomy rose between 1987-89 and 1993-95 from 0.97 to 1.04 for men and from 1.70 to 2.05 operations/1000 inhabitants for women. Reoperation on the bile ducts declined from 1987 to 1991 but returned to previous levels thereafter. Endoscopic reinterventions increased tenfold from 1987 to 1995, whereas those for general complications and mortality did not change significantly. Among simple cholecystectomies laparoscopic surgery was associated with an increased risk of endoscopic reintervention, odds ratio 1.8 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.6), and with a lower risk for postoperative mortality, odds ratio 0.5 (95% CI 0.3 to 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence, mortality, and readmission with reintervention are important endpoints in gallbladder surgery. Significant changes in these variables were identified after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing incidence rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in Sweden.

The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is increasing world-wide, and in Sweden this tumour is one of the most rapidly increasing malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate incidence trends of squamous cell carcinoma in Sweden. For the 39,805 tumours registered in the Swedish Cancer Registry 1961-1995, incidence rates were calculated according to gender, age, anatomical site and unit surface area. Multivariate analysis was performed with the age-period-cohort model. Age-standardized incidence rates increased substantially in both men (+425%) and women (+146%) during this period. The highest rates per unit surface area were seen for chronically sun-exposed head-neck sites. Age-specific incidence rates increased in ages > or =60 years during the study period. Multivariate analyses showed that age, period and cohort effects in men could best explain the incidence rates, while in women the age-period effects model was adequate. In conclusion, a rapidly increasing incidence trend for squamous cell carcinoma was found, probably explained by increased accumulated sun exposure and increasing incidence among the elderly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Five-year results of Mohs' micrographic surgery for aggressive facial basal cell carcinoma in Sweden.

Mohs' micrographic surgery of facial basal cell carcinoma ensures a high cure rate with maximal preservation of healthy tissue. Using precise margin control, this procedure allows complete examination of all margins of tissue removed. Due to the insufficient facilities for Mohs' micrographic surgery in Sweden, only the most aggressive tumours are referred for this procedure, which could increase the risk of recurrences. We have operated on 228 basal cell carcinomas, 87 primary and 141 recurrent tumours, over the period 1983 to 1992. The tumours were located on the face and all patients were followed for 5 years after surgery. The recurrence rate was 6.5% for primary and 10% for recurrent basal cell carcinomas. After 12 months the functional and cosmetic results were evaluated, showing good or satisfactory results in 93% of cases. Mohs' surgery is an underused but still efficacious technique in Sweden and should be recommended to other centres.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Oral health of homeless adults in Stockholm, Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to record and describe the oral condition of homeless adults in Stockholm, Sweden. There have been no clinical studies of the oral health of the homeless in Sweden since the 1970s. The study population comprised 147 homeless individuals (110 M, 37 F) in the age range 22-77 years. All underwent oral examination, including registration of periodontal status and caries data. The results show that homeless adults in Stockholm have fewer remaining teeth than the general population. Because conservative periodontal treatment is expensive and time-consuming, teeth with doubtful prognoses are usually extracted and only those with optimal periodontal health are retained. Another consequence of inadequate periodontal treatment, including insufficient oral hygiene instruction, is the high percentage of tooth surfaces with plaque accumulation. Heavy plaque accumulation will also have an effect on caries progression, expressed in this study as high DMFT values. Loss of teeth is likely to create dental and chewing problems, possibly resulting in increased dental and medical treatment needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Preventive dental care of children and adolescents in the 1990s: Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.

This article describes the provision of preventive care for children and adolescents in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden in the 1990s. It includes information on personnel giving preventive care, administration of the dental care system, strategies and methods used for prevention, and resources allocated for preventive dental care. In all these countries comprehensive and systematic dental care, subsidized or free of charge, has been instituted for children and adolescents. However, comparisons between the countries show significant differences in the organization of the dental care for children, the time used for preventive care, the recall routines, and the implementation of risk-based and population-based preventive strategies. The relative importance of different caries-prevention methods (fluorides, hygiene, and diet) reported by the clinicians varied between Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. While variation poses rather than answers questions concerning effectiveness, available data provide evidence of differences in the input of resources. Unless the dental profession addresses the issue of effectiveness of preventive dental care, politicians and administrators in a cost-containment context will easily conclude that least is best.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Aspects of teeth from archaelogic sites in Sweden and Denmark.

The purpose of this study was to examine ground sections of primary second molars and permanent first molars from the same jaws. Teeth from 11 individuals were collected from archaeologic sites in Sweden and Denmark. Longitudinal buccolingual sections were examined in a polarization light microscope and in a Philips scanning electron microscope (SEM). The seven teeth from Sweden appeared to have been subjected to environmental influences at their burial site, which had affected both the dentin and the enamel. The teeth from the Danish sites had a normal color, and no disintegration of the dentin was seen. The general morphologic appearance was normal in all primary and permanent teeth. The position of the neonatal line indicated a normal full-term gestational age. The observed accentuated incremental lines in both the primary and permanent enamel suggested periods of dietary changes, possibly related to periods of illness. SEM images of the surface area of the Swedish teeth showed an extremely porous enamel surface with severe changes in the prism structure as an effect of acid penetration. The Danish teeth did not show any marked changes in the enamel.

Acids↗
PubMed1998

A 9-year longitudinal study of reported oral problems and dental and periodontal status in 70- and 79-year-old city cohorts in northern Sweden.

Before 1981 no representative studies of oral health in an elderly population in northern Sweden had been presented, and longitudinal studies of oral health in the aging person were in general rare. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in oral health in a representative sample of an elderly city population in northern Sweden. Reported oral problems and treatment needs were noted, and dental and periodontal status was registered in clinical examinations. The frequency of reported annual dental visits and of being called by the dentist increased in the younger but not in the older cohort during the 9-year period. In 1990 all the 79- and 88-year-olds with annual visits reported that they were recalled by the dentist. The clinical investigation showed an increasing amount of tooth loss, root caries, and periodontal disease with increasing age. Among dentulous persons 1.7 teeth per subject were lost from 1981 to 1990 in the younger cohort, compared with 2.6 teeth per subject in the older cohort. The number of sound teeth decreased very little in the younger cohort (from 3.44 to 3.34) but more evidently in the older cohort (from 3.47 to 2.65) during the 9-year period. The frequency of surfaces with attachment level > 3 mm increased statistically significantly from 1981 to 1990 in the older cohort. Subjects with annual visits had in general fewer oral problems.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

The American Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Applicability of PEDI in Sweden for children aged 2.0-6.9 years.

The American Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) is a new instrument for evaluating functional performance in disabled children aged 6 months to 7.5 years. It was developed to determine a child's functional capacity and performance in three domains, self-care, mobility and social function, as reflected in scores on three scales: (i) functional skills (current capability in specific tasks), (ii) caregiver assistance (i.e. provided to facilitate the child's performance), and (iii) modifications (i.e. environmental or technical modifications needed to facilitate the child's function). The present study was designed to compare results obtained using the PEDI in a Swedish sample with the American normative data, and to analyse the content and relevance of PEDI items for use in Sweden. The PEDI was administered as a questionnaire in structured interview form to the parents of 52 non-disabled Swedish children aged 2.0-6.9 years, divided into ten age groups. Correlation analysis (Pearson's r) showed scores for the Swedish sample to manifest strong correlation with the respective American normative data, both for the functional skills (r = 0.90-0.98) and caregiver assistance (r = 0.93-0.99) scales, respectively. Scores for the modification scale were not compared. Thus, the results suggest the American normative data to be appropriate for reference purposes in Sweden.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Cost-effectiveness of interferon alfa-2b with and without ribavirin as therapy for chronic hepatitis C in Sweden.

BACKGROUND: Recent trials have shown that treatment with a combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin results in sustained loss of detectable hepatitis C-virus (HCV) RNA in a higher proportion of patients than treatment with interferon alone. Combination therapy, however, is two to three times as expensive as monotherapy. METHODS: Based on data from recent randomized clinical trials and a previously published decision model, we developed a Markov model to estimate the cost-effectiveness of initial combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin versus interferon alone for previously untreated patients with chronic HCV infection in Sweden. Clinical praxis and quality adjustments were based on expert estimates and costs were gathered from different health care providers in Sweden. RESULTS: Combination therapy for 24 or 48 weeks, compared to interferon alone, prolonged quality adjusted life expectancy by 0.5 to 1.1 years at marginal cost-effectiveness ratios of US$ 1,400 to US$ 6,000 per DQALY (discounted quality-adjusted life-year) for patients with genotype 1. In genotype 1, 48 weeks compared to 24 weeks of combination therapy prolonged quality adjusted life expectancy by 0.6 years at a marginal cost-effectiveness ratio of $US 9,800 per DQALY. For patients with genotype non-1, combination therapy for 24 or 48 weeks, compared to interferon alone, prolonged quality adjusted life expectancy by 2.3 years, with combination therapy for 24 weeks being money-saving. The results were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin increased quality-adjusted life expectancy and was cost-effective for patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Morbidity and mortality in liver diseases in Sweden 1969-2001 in relation to alcohol consumption.

OBJECTIVE: In Sweden, there is stable or slightly increased total alcohol consumption but a decrease in mortality in liver disease. The aim of the study was to determine the temporal relation between alcohol-related liver disease morbidity and mortality and type of alcohol beverage consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on patients with liver disease from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and from the Causes of Death Register between 1969 and 2001 were analysed. Data on the registered sales of the different beverages were taken from the Swedish State Monopoly. RESULTS: Liver disease mortality increased from 1969 to 1976, coinciding with the increase in sales of spirits. Both mortality and spirits sales decreased thereafter, whereas there was no decrease in beer or wine sales. Hospitalization rates were reduced after 1987. Depending on age and gender, there was a 30-80% 5-year mortality rate following discharge. Among men, but not among women, differences in the alcohol and non-alcohol-related liver diagnoses in the Hospital Discharge Register and in the Cause of Death Register were sometimes recorded in the same patient. CONCLUSIONS: There was a reduction in hospitalization rates and mortality in liver diseases, and the reduction in mortality in liver diseases in Sweden from 1969 to 2001 seems to be associated with sales of spirits. Patients hospitalized for liver disease have a poor prognosis. There were difficulties in differentiating between alcohol and non-alcohol liver diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiology of familial adenomatous polyposis in Sweden: changes over time and differences in phenotype between males and females.

BACKGROUND: The Swedish Polyposis Registry was set up in Sweden in the late 1950s to promote screening of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of FAP in Sweden, including the influence of screening on morbidity and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Four hundred and thirty-one patients (213 males and 218 females) with FAP from 145 families recorded by the Swedish Polyposis Registry were investigated. The effect of screening on morbidity and mortality in CRC was evaluated by comparing the 216 probands with the 215 call-up patients. Three different periods were studied: the pre-screening period (1912-1956), the first screening period (1957-1976), and the second screening period (1977-1996). RESULTS: The mean annual incidence rates during the three periods were 0.2, 1.38, and 0.86 per million, respectively. The birth frequency was calculated to be 1 in 18,000 between 1947 and 1966, and the prevalence was 32 per million at the end of 1996. The proportion of new mutants among the FAP patients born between 1927 and 1966 was estimated to be 11%. The median age at diagnosis of probands was 39 (range, 11-71) years and did not change over time, although an increase was seen in the subgroup with CRC at diagnosis (P = 0.02). In the call-up group the median age at diagnosis was 22 (range, 3-65) years. Sixty-seven per cent of the probands and 3.3% of the call-up patients had CRC at diagnosis, and the corresponding mortality figures were 44% and 1.9%. The risk among probands of having CRC at diagnosis decreased from 81% to 49% (P = 0.0006). Female probands were diagnosed with symptoms (P = 0.03) and CRC (P = 0.04) earlier than male probands. CONCLUSIONS: A nationwide screening program facilitates detection and early diagnosis of FAP. A decrease in CRC morbidity among probands contributed to the improved prognosis. An earlier onset of symptoms and CRC in females indicate that the course of FAP is influenced by sex.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed2002

Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis as a common cause of tick-associated fever in Southeast Sweden: report from a prospective clinical study.

Between May and December 1998, tick-associated febrile illness was prospectively studied in Southeast Sweden in order to assess the occurrence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Inclusion criteria were fever (> or = 38.0 degrees C), with or without headache, myalgia or arthralgia in patients with an observed tick bite or tick exposure within 1 month prior to onset of symptoms. Patients with clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis were included. Of the 27 patients included, we identified 4 cases of HGE. Three of the patients had coinfection with Lyme borreliosis, which presented as erythema migrans. All 27 patients presented with a 2-5 d history of fever. None of the clinical signs or laboratory parameters monitored was helpful in predicting ehrlichiosis in this group with tick-associated fever conditions. Within the HGE-negative group (n = 23), 12 patients had clinical or laboratory signs of Lyme borreliosis. For 11 patients, the aetiology of the fever remained unclear. Our results suggest that HGE is common in tick-infested areas of Southeast Sweden, and may occur as a coinfection of Lyme borreliosis. Granulocytic ehrlichiosis should be suspected in patients who present with tick-associated fever, with or without erythema migrans. Ehrlichia serology and PCR should be employed to confirm the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗