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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A sense of smell.

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Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

A nose by any other name (should smell as sweetly).

The standard view that the control of mating behavior by pheromones is mediated by the vomeronasal organ, and not by the main olfactory epithelium, has recently been called into question. In this issue of Cell, two independent studies (Boehm et al., 2005; Yoon et al., 2005) examine the inputs from each of these olfactory pathways to a population of neurons that plays a central role in mating behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Does 'hypnosis' by any other name smell as sweet? The efficacy of 'hypnotic' inductions depends on the label 'hypnosis'.

Hypnosis is associated with profound changes in conscious experience and is increasingly used as a cognitive tool to explore neuropsychological processes. Studies of this sort typically employ suggestions following a hypnotic induction to produce changes in perceptual experience and motor control. It is not clear, however, to what extent the induction procedure serves to facilitate suggested phenomena. This study investigated the effect on suggestibility of (a) a hypnotic induction and (b) labelling that procedure 'hypnosis.' Suggestibility of participants was tested before and after an adapted hypnotic procedure, which was either labelled as 'hypnosis' or as 'relaxation.' The hypnotic procedure produced a modest increase in suggestibility when it was called 'relaxation,' but a very significant increase if it was labelled 'hypnosis.' The results are important for both clinical and experimental applications and indicate that labelling an induction procedure 'hypnosis' is an important determinant of subsequent responses to suggestion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nematode behavior: the taste of success, the smell of danger!

Through experience, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans learns to distinguish high quality bacteria--food--from low quality or toxic bacteria. Increased release of the neurotransmitter serotonin onto identified interneurons determines whether C. elegans chooses to feed or leave.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Bad bones, absent smell, selfish testes: the pleiotropic consequences of human FGF receptor mutations.

The discovery in 1994 that highly specific mutations of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3 caused the most common form of human short-limbed dwarfism, achondroplasia, heralded a new era in FGF receptor (FGFR) biology. A decade later, the purpose of this review is to survey how the study of humans with FGFR mutations continues to provide insights into FGFR function in health and disease, and the clinical applications of these findings. Amongst the most interesting recent discoveries have been the description of novel phenotypes associated with FGFR1 and FGFR3 mutations; identification of fundamental differences in the cellular mechanisms of mutant FGFR2 and FGFR3 action; and the direct identification of FGFR2 and FGFR3 mutations in sperm. These clinical observations illustrate the pleiotropism of FGFR action and fuel ongoing efforts to understand the rich biology and pathophysiology of the FGF signalling system.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗
PubMed2003

Hydrogen sulfide: from the smell of the past to the mediator of the future?

Gases such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide play important roles both in normal physiology and in disease. In recent years, interest has been directed towards other naturally occurring gases, notably hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), which is both a potent vasodilator and a mediator of long-term potentiation in the brain. This article focuses on recent work that suggests a role for H(2)S, and perhaps other gases, in the CNS and cardiovascular system.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Mucociliary clearance and sense of smell following management of Le Fort maxilla fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To assess mucociliary transport and olfaction in patients after Le Fort fractures. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one patients were enrolled who had sustained a Le Fort fracture during the preceding five years. Control group consisted of students. Olfaction and mucociliary transport were examined in all subjects. A capillary with saccharine was placed on the inferior nasal concha, and time was recorded in which the subject tasted sweetness in the mouth. Results were subject to statistical analysis. Patients with allergy, sinus disease and smokers were excluded from the examination. RESULTS: Disturbance of mucociliary transport and olfaction turned out to be statistically dependent on the type of fracture and management. CONCLUSIONS: Le Fort fracture might be complicated by compromised mucociliary clearance and olfactory disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Smell and taste in children with simple obesity.

In 30 children, aged 10-16 years and suffering from simple obesity, significantly lowered odour detection thresholds were noted. The thresholds were lower than the average for a given age group in around 20% of obese children in cases of odours stimulating olfactory nerve and in around 57% in cases of substances stimulating olfactory and trigeminal nerves. Odour identification thresholds were similarly affected, with identification of olfactory nerve plus trigeminal nerve stimulating odours affected more than twice as frequently. In 77% cases also the electrogustometric thresholds were found below the normal range values when anode was used as the stimulating electrode. The detected alterations may be linked to metabolic disturbances, which accompany simple obesity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

From odor and pheromone transduction to the organization of the sense of smell.

Chemosensory neurons in the mammalian nose detect an array of odors and pheromones that carry essential information about the animal's environment. How the nose organizes this immense amount of information is a major question in sensory biology. New evidence suggests that there are several subpopulations of sensory neurons in the nose that project to different areas in the forebrain. Strikingly, evidence is now emerging that several of these neuronal subpopulations employ distinct second messenger cascades to transduce chemical stimuli. This new understanding of the heterogeneity of chemosensory transduction mechanisms offers the opportunity to use genetically altered animals to specifically target these subpopulations. Such approaches should enable researchers to examine the role that each of these subsystems could play in chemosensory-dependent behaviors.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2003

Wake up and smell the conspecific!

Mammals regulate their behavior using odor cues called pheromones. These compounds are detected and recognized by neurons in the accessory olfactory system. New electrophysiological recordings in behaving mice by Luo, Fee and Katz reveal aspects of pheromone biology and how these stimuli are represented by single neurons.

Animals↗