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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Suicidal ideation in prisoners: risk factors and relevance to suicidal behaviour. A prospective case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for suicidal ideation (SI) in prisoners, as well as the prediction of suicidal behaviour by SI. METHOD: Participants were recruited from the all-male,adults', high security prison of Patras, Greece. Sixty-seven prisoners who expressed SI were evaluated using a structured interview, Hamilton's Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) and the Montgomery-Asberg Rating Scale for Depression (MADRS). Sixty-seven control prisoners without SI, matched for age, nationality and penal status were evaluated using the same structured interview and rating scales. All participants were followed-up prospectively for 12 months after their initial assessment and any acts of self-destructive behaviour were recorded. RESULTS: Independent significant risk factors for SI in prisoners were the family history of suicidal behaviour (OR = 56.34, 95% CI = 4.23-750.1, p < 0.002), history of psychiatric hospitalisation (OR = 7.18, 95% CI = 1.83-28.16, p < 0.005), and higher scores in the MADRS (p < 0.03) and HAMA (p < 0.03) scales. During the follow-up period, suicidal behaviour (suicide attempt or self-mutilation) was observed in 12 (17.9%) inmates with SI, as opposed to none of the controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: A family history of suicidal behaviour, history of psychiatric hospitalisation and symptoms of anxiety or depression were independent risk factors for SI in prisoners. Inmates with SI had a higher risk for self-destructive acts at follow-up. Inmates with SI are a high-risk group for future self-destructive acts, so special precautions designed to reduce this risk are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Replantations surgery following self-inflicted amputation.

Four cases of self-inflicted amputation of the upper limb which were surgically replanted are described. Three of the four patients are psychiatrically well, employed and pleased with the surgical result. The fourth patient committed suicide. The literature of self-mutilation and replantation surgery is reviewed and psychological factors and the role of the psychiatrist in replantation surgery are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Belief and behavior: the role of "folk psychology" in psychiatry.

Most psychiatrists assume that belief is a basis for behavior. The validity of this assumption has been challenged by certain philosophers who assign the concept belief to the domain of "folk psychology." These philosophers contend that the discoveries of neuroscience will eliminate the ideas of folk psychology from scientific discourse and that behavior will eventually be accounted for in terms of brain states. In order to examine the relationship of belief and behavior, examples of self-mutilation by normal and abnormal individuals are reviewed. It is concluded that belief is a basis for behavior and that neuroscience, like folk psychology, is valid only within certain limits.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

Unusual hanging deaths.

We describe the circumstances and medical findings of four unusual hanging deaths. In brief, the unusual features are tracheostomy, delayed death, self-mutilation combined with severe neck injury caused by lengthy drop, and homicidal hanging in a young girl.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and sequelae of sexual child abuse].

This paper reviews briefly epidemiological and clinical data on prevalence and incidence of child-sexual-abuse. Individual symptoms and family factors of intra-familial child sexual abuse are described and some possible psychopathological factors and vulnerability factors are listed. Two different forms of parasuicide and self-mutilating behaviour are distinguished and complicating factors of secondary traumatisation are described.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Factitious vesicocutaneous fistula: an enigma in diagnosis and treatment.

A case report of a patient with a recurrent factitial vesicocutaneous and a tensor fasciae latae musculocutaneous flap were employed in reconstruction. Difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of this patient with factitial disease is emphasized. Excessive hospitalization and cost reflect these difficulties. A life-threatening disease was modified by planned reconstruction coordinated with antidepressant medication and psychotherapy. Treatment centered on avoiding insight and maintaining denial ASA defense mechanism. The transference of self-mutilation in the suprapubic region to the donor thigh was most important in this patient's survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Towards understanding some complex borderline behaviours.

This article aims to explore and explain some possible antecedents to behaviours revealed by consumers in mental health settings who evoke strong and often negative responses in nurses and other health professionals. The contemporary exemplar par excellence is people who are diagnosed as having a borderline personality disorder. The paper discusses four different but overlapping domains that may contribute to understanding the difficulties many nurses face in relation to working with consumers whose behaviours are complex and distressing. Firstly, these begin with a brief discussion of psychiatric labelling and stereotyping associated with borderline personality disorder. Secondly, the connections between trauma in childhood and psychiatric vulnerability are explored, as nurses and other health professionals sometimes do not appreciate the debilitating and long-term consequences of the survival of childhood abuse or sexual assault. Thirdly, some unconscious defence mechanisms are outlined to partly explain behavioural interactions often displayed by people with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Finally, behavioural concomitants of projection, splitting and projective identification are discussed: they include identity diffusion, self-mutilation and suicide attempts. All of these topics are explored to encourage nurses to support consumers to express pain in more constructive ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Innovar-Vet-induced pathologic changes in the guinea pig.

High doses of Innovar-Vet administered im induced pathologic changes in tissues at the site of drug deposition. The onset and extent of the changes were dose related. Distal self-mutilation occurred coincidentally to the peak of pathologic changes in the ischiatic nerve.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1979

Large skull defect in a headbanger.

A mentally retarded self-mutilating child developed a large skull defect at the site of repeated trauma. The bony defect involved only the outer table and had smooth bony margins.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Psychological factors leading to amputations in adults.

Psychological factors may lead to a small number of amputations in adults. They may be classified as being due to: 1. chronic pain syndrome; 2. artefactualists; 3. self-mutilation; 4. attempted murder. An understanding of these potential factors will make the amputee clinic team aware of this problem, and help them deal with the rehabilitation of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Oedipism.

BACKGROUND: Oedipism or self-enucleation is a rare form of self-mutilation, and most often described in acutely psychotic patients, who have religious or sexual delusions. CLINICAL RECORD: A 47-year-old Chinese man with a history of chronic schizophrenia enucleated his own left eye and mutilated his right eye. The reason for his behaviour was unknown. The history and legends surrounding autoenucleation and the medical literature are reviewed. RESULTS: The patient was managed jointly with the psychiatrist. He suffered extensive injury to his right eye, resulting in loss of vision. CONCLUSION: The management of Oedipism requires close cooperation between ophthalmologists and psychiatrists. Precautions must be taken to prevent repeated attempts or other self-mutilatory behaviour.

Eye Enucleation↗
PubMed1999

Antisocial personality disorder, affect dysregulation and childhood abuse among incarcerated women.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of affect dysregulation and childhood abuse in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), using a sample of incarcerated women. Subjects for this study were 85 incarcerated women who were administered structured interviews to assess for ASPD, borderline personality disorder (BPD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), childhood trauma, and affect dysregulation. Using a series of logistic regressions, this study found that a greater degree of affect dysregulation--in particular, poor anger modulation--was significantly related to ASPD, controlling for BPD and PTSD in women prisoners. After controlling for BPD, recent self mutilation was not significantly related to ASPD. Likewise, a history of childhood abuse was not significantly associated with ASPD.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan on self-mutilatin in Lesch-Nyhan disease: a negative report.

Four patients with Lesch-Nyhan disease were treated with L-5-hydroxytryptophan, alone, or in combination with carbidopa, and their effect on self-mutilatory behavior was compared to that observed during periods in which placebo was administered. Observation periods were carefully standardized because of the ease with which patient-observer interactions can influence the behavior of the Lesch-Nyhan patient. The dosage level was sufficient to produce undesirable side-effects (diarrhea and vomiting). No effect on self-mutilation was observed under test conditions in the hospital or in the natural environment of the home. These results contrast with previous beneficial effects reported by others.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1999

Self-inflicted injury in a case of Hallervorden-Spatz disease.

Hallervorden-Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormally high deposits of iron in the brain. This report describes a child with HSD who presented with self-inflicted ulceration of the lip and tongue, which was initiated during periods of intense oro-facial spasms. Other findings included dental caries and trauma to the primary incisors. Comprehensive dental care was carried out under general anaesthesia. The self-mutilation of the oro-facial mucosa was eliminated by placement of upper and lower soft resin bite guards.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Tuberous sclerosis: a case report.

A case of tuberous sclerosis (TS) with classic triad of seizures, mental deficiency and angiofibromas is presented. The child also presented with self-mutilating behavior, which resulted in the fracture of her anterior teeth. A comprehensive treatment was rendered to the patient under general anesthesia and a mouth guard was given to prevent further trauma to the teeth.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Autohemicastration in a man without schizophrenia.

A 52-year-old unmarried bag craftsman was admitted to East Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital because of a large scrotal hematoma. He had accidentally hit his right testis against the edge of a desk early the previous morning. He had resected his right testis with scissors to release from severe pain 30 min after the accident. He had sutured the scrotal incision with two stitches of string by himself. At the emergency operation 36 h after the self-mutilation, we removed a hematoma weighing 283 g and ligated the cut end of the right spermatic cord after adequate debridement. He was diagnosed by a psychiatrist as having slightly low intelligence without psychotic disorder or drug abuse.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[A cause of multiple failures in autoplasties: cutaneous pathomimesis].

The authors report a case of cutaneous pathomimesis of the hand with severe self-mutilation, contrasting with the minimal nature of the psychiatric illness. They recall several pathogenic and therapeutic elements for this disease which, although difficult, should be managed by a multidisciplinary approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Violence associated with phencyclidine abuse.

Violence associated with chronic phencyclidine (PCP) abuse was investigated by administering a structured interview to 16 chronic PCP abusers. A more intensive study was done of another individual who committed murder and self-mutilation under the influence of PCP. The results suggest that there is no consistent association between PCP-related violence and a history of violence not related to drug or alcohol abuse. The author defines four types of violence associated with chronic PCP abuse.

Adult↗