[Morphology and physiology of the submandibular gland in the rat (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Rodentia, Mammalia) during embryonic and post-natal development].
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The M'sila region has been recently the theatre of an important outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The search for the animal reservoir resulted in the discovery of 3 rodents, Psammomys obesus, naturally infected with Leishmania. This is of importance as far as prophylactic measures are concerned.
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The amino-acid sequence for the hemoglobin of the musk-rat (Ondatra zibethica) was determined. The sequence of both chains was established by automatic Edman-Begg degradation of the tryptic peptides and, in the case of the beta-chains additionally of the prolyl-peptide. The complete primary structure of the alpha-chains differs at 22, that of the beta-chains at 36 positions from the adult human hemoglobin. There are no changes in the heme-binding residues, the alpha 1--beta 2 contact positions and the allosteric regulator sites. In the heme-pocket we found beta 44 Ser leads to His and 8 positions changed within the alpha 1--beta 1 contact regions. These changes are discussed with respect to the function of the respective regions.
By means of starch electrophoresis, 52 proteins and enzymes of Microtus arvalis and M. subarvalis were studied to establish the extent of their similarity. Out of 52 markers studied, 7 proteins and enzymes had different electrophoretic mobility: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), diaphorase (DP), adenylate kinase (AK), lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alpha-galactosidase (GAL) and hemoglobin (Hb), which make up to 13% of all the enzymes and proteins studied. The differences found between the two species studied by electrophoretic mobility of G6PD, AK, GAL and Hb, as well as the absence of intraspecific polymorphism for the above proteins permit to consider these proteins as species-specific markers, with the help of which M. arvalis and M. subarvalis can be distinguished. It should be emphasized that intraspecific polymorphism was found for PGD, LDHB and DP in M. arvalis, while in M. subarvalis these proteins were monomorphic and identical, in their electrophoretic mobility, to one of electrophoretic variants of M. arvalis. Therefore, only one of allelic variants of PGD, LDHB and DP is species-specific. Estimation of the extent of genetic similarity based on analysis of distribution of gene frequencies for polymorphic loci of M. arvalis and M. subarvalis by means of Nei's method gave the value of 0.312, the genetic distance being 1.164. The data obtained, together with the known cytogenetic data, point to a species rank of the species studied. Moreover, in spite of the morphological similarity between M. arvalis and M. subarvalis, the estimation of genetic similarity proved to be close to that for morphologically contrasting species.
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For the first time a report is made of Meriones shawi (Duvernoy, 1842) infected by Leishmania major Yakimoff and Shokhor, 1914. The parasite was observed in two of 28 Meriones captured in the immediate vicinity of the Tata administrative center (South Morocco). M. shawi, because it is sub-commercial with man and abundant, is very likely one of the reservoirs of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in this area.
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Karyological analysis of Apodemus peninsulae from Western Siberia was made. It was established that animals under study are characterized both by interindividual variation of B-chromosome number or polymorphism which was described previously and by intraindividual variation or mosaicism. Diploid numbers are 55-57, 58-61, 61-65 and 68-72, i. e. studied animals possess 3, 4, 5 and 5 cell clones, respectively. The highest number of B-chromosomes in mammals was found to be 24.