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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Detection of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus antigens by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay on nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory disease.

Four-layer antispecies radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedures were developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza type 2 virus, and adenovirus antigens in nasopharyngeal specimens from children hospitalized for acute respiratory disease. Polystyrene beads (RIA) or flat-bottomed polystyrene microtiter plates (EIA) were used as the solid phases, guinea pig anti-virus immunoglobulins were used as the captive antibodies, rabbit anti-virus immunoglobulins were used as the secondary antibodies, and 125I-labeled sheep anti-rabbit (RIA) or horseradish peroxidase-labeled swine anti-rabbit (EIA) immunoglobulins were used as the indicator antibodies. A comparison of the EIAs and RIAs with routinely used immunofluorescence (IF) techniques was made with 164 nasopharyngeal specimens collected from children with acute respiratory disease. Only 3 of 66 RSV IF-positive specimens were negative in RSV RIA, and of 83 RSV, parainfluenza type 2 virus, and adenovirus IF-negative specimens, 1 was positive in RSV RIA. Of 4 parainfluenza type 2 virus IF-positive and 11 adenovirus IF-positive specimens, each was positive in corresponding RIAs, and all 83 IF-negative specimens were negative in parainfluenza type 2 virus and adenovirus RIAs. The results of the RSV, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus EIAs confirmed the results of corresponding RIAs in each selected case tested. The RIAs and EIAs were found to be as specific and sensitive as IF techniques, and more practical in the rapid detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical x-ray characteristics of recurrent tuberculosis of the bronchopulmonary system in patients with chronic respiratory diseases].

X-ray and clinical features of tuberculosis combined with lingering pneumonia were studied in 110 patients of the 7th group of dispensary registration suffering from chronic diseases of the respiratory organs. Tuberculosis recurrences in this group of patients had a torpid course, specific changes were slowly reversed, noticeable fibrosis was formed on their site. Thorough x-ray tomographic investigation not only of the pneumonia zone but also of the zone of posttubercular changes was conducted at the onset and end of pneumonia therapy to exclude tuberculosis reactivation. Frequent exacerbations of chronic diseases of the respiratory organs including complications in the form of lingering pneumonia in patients with posttubercular changes can mask early stages of tuberculosis reactivation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Complete sequences of the neuraminidase genes of swine influenza viruses (H1N1) associated with the respiratory disease in pigs.

The complete nucleotide sequences of neuraminidase (NA) of two swine influenza viruses (H1N1) are presented. A/Sw/Quebec/5393/91 (SwQc91) virus, associated with the chronic respiratory disease and A/Sw/ Quebec/192/81 (SwQc81) virus, associated with the acute respiratory disease, were used. The deduced amino acid sequences of NA of SwQc91 and SwQc81 viruses showed a high degree (>95%) of similarity. The NA gene of both viruses was a single open reading frame of 1459 nucleotides coding for 469 aa with a 5' noncoding region of 21 nucleotides and a 3' noncoding region of 28 nucleotides. The comparison of two sequences showed that there were 23 differences recorded for SwQc91 strain, of which 5, 6, and 12 differences were recorded in the hydrophobic, stalk and head regions, respectively. A potential antigenic determinant changed from Ala to Thr at position 453 and there was a new potential glycosylation site present at position 88 for SwQc91 strain whereas it was absent at position 50 when compared with SwQc81 strain. Estimates of genetic distance and phylogenic tree analysis showed that SwQc91 and SwQc81 viruses were closely related with each other and with the American strain, A/Sw/Wisconsin/4754/94. However, the swine viruses represented a distinct group that was considerably divergent from the group of human viruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Gastroesophageal reflux and chronic respiratory disease.

Recent advances in technology have made it possible to detect gastroesophageal reflux (GER) through monitoring of esophageal pH, lower esophageal sphincter pressure, and esophageal motility for prolonged periods, including sleep. When these methods are applied to patients with chronic respiratory disease, as many as 65% have GER; improvement in respiratory status has often been reported after treatment of the GER. This article reviews the evidence for the association between GER and chronic respiratory disease, the possible physiologic mechanisms underlying this association, and the implications for therapy.

Asthma↗
PubMed1989

A prospective study of ofloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Forty patients (32 inpatients and 8 outpatients) with acute purulent exacerbations of obstructive respiratory disease associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated orally with 800 mg ofloxacin twice daily for seven days. Sputum was cultured before, during and after treatment. The drug was extremely well tolerated, only one patient discontinuing because of alleged nausea. The infection was completely eradicated, with excellent clinical results and negative sputum cultures, in 23 patients. In six others the Ps. aeruginosa infection was cleared although reinfection with different organisms followed. Five patients showed recurrence of the infection after apparent initial eradication, but Ps. aeruginosa persisted in three others. Three patients were not evaluable because of death, transfer elsewhere, or discontinuation. There was a slight tendency for the mean MICs to rise during treatment, owing to eradication of all highly sensitive strains. Resistance did not develop. These results suggest that purulent exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease caused by Ps. aeruginosa can safely be treated orally with 800 mg ofloxacin twice daily, but that further studies in outpatients should be performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of the poliomyelitis virus from cases of acute respiratory diseases].

Poliomyelitis virus was shown to be able to cause human outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases (or "minor illness") running without clinical symptoms of the involvement of the central nervous system. It is most likely that the outbreaks were caused by vaccine poliomyelitis-virus strains circulating in the human population.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eosinophil-related respiratory disease in aluminium workers.

We carried out a nested case-control study in an aluminium producing plant, using the results of pre-employment examination to identify workers with an increased risk of developing work-related obstructive respiratory symptoms. Cases (n=49) are those who had become unable to work because of work-related respiratory disease. They were compared with 49 matched controls. Pre-employment eosinophil count was strongly related to the occurrence of work-related obstructive respiratory disease. This finding is interesting in the light of a possible pathogenesis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1993

A clinical trial of recombinant bovine interferon alpha 1 for the control of bovine respiratory disease in calves.

The effects of recombinant bovine interferon alpha 1 (rBoIFN alpha 1) on the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) were examined in 60 young male cattle. Each group of clinically healthy 30 male cattle was injected intramuscularly with either rBoIFN alpha 1 (5 mg/head) or physiological saline 5 times in 6 months. They were examined daily for the clinical symptoms of respiratory distress. The clinical signs of respiratory distress in rBoIFN alpha 1-treated cattle were significantly less severe than those of the placebo group. The incidence rate, relapse rate and mean sick days of respiratory disease in the rBoIFN alpha 1-treated group were 23%, 14% and 4.43 days, respectively, whereas those in the placebo group were 80%, 46% and 6.42 days, respectively. Furthermore, the mean increase of body weights in rBoIFN alpha 1-treated group and placebo group were 1.365 kg/day and 1.340 kg/day, respectively. These results suggest that rBoIFN alpha 1 has a potentially preventive effect on the incidence of BRD.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Genomic study of hemagglutinins of swine influenza (H1N1) viruses associated with acute and chronic respiratory diseases in pigs.

The nucleotide sequences of HA1 domain of hemagglutinin of clinical H1N1 influenza viruses, isolated during recent outbreaks of respiratory problems in pig farms of Quebec, was determined. The viruses A/Sw/Quebec/3291/90 (SwQc3291) and A/Sw/Quebec/1747/90 (SwQc1747), associated with chronic respiratory disease, showed close similarity for their deduced aa sequences. When compared with the published data of A/Sw/Quebec/5393/91 (SwQc91), the variations observed included Cb and Ca antigenic sites in SwQc3291 and Sb and Ca sites in SwQc1747 isolates. These variants were antigenically related to SwQc91 virus associated with chronic respiratory disease, but differed from the more classical A/Sw/Quebec/192/81 (SwQc81) strain. In contrast, A/Sw/Quebec/1192/86 (SwQc1192) isolate, associated with acute respiratory influenza, showed maximum number of differences including Ca, Cb, Sa and Sb antigenic sites. The latter, as well as the SwQc81 strain, were antigenically distinct from SwQc91 virus on the basis of its cross-reactivity to MAbs directed against the HA glycoprotein. Estimation of genetic distances and phylogenic tree analysis showed that SwQc1747 and SwQc3291 were closely related, but these viruses along with SwQc1192 were considerably divergent from SwQc91 virus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Relation between chronic respiratory diseases in children and secretory IgA and IgM].

In 1981-1984 from a total of 288 children aged 6-36 months, suffering from acute and relapsing respiratory disease, in 52 children in the nasopharyngeal secretion IgM was detected in average amounts of 11.3 +/- 9.7 mg/100 ml. In 13 of the children in the course of 1-2 years after the first examination the IgM values in the nasopharyngeal secretion doubled or increased several times (20-50 mg/100 ml). The values in saliva at the age of 5-9 years were in seven of these children lower than the mean physiological values of SIgA in saliva (34.3 +/- 15.9 mg/100 ml). In 12 children in the course of 5-9 years chronic respiratory disease developed--obstructive bronchitis. In six children, where during school age in saliva mean SIgA values lower than normal were recorded, more frequent relapses and complications were recorded (pneumonia, sinobronchial syndrome, otitis media). Elevated values of SIgM in the nasopharyngeal secretion of infants and toddlers with acute and relapsing bronchitis can be considered a risk factor for the development of chronic disease, in particular in case of a permanently reduced SIgA formation also in saliva.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Lung function, respiratory disease, and smoking in families.

Respiratory symptoms, disease and lung function were studied in 376 families with 816 children who participated in a survey in three USA towns. Parental smoking had no effect on children's symptoms and lung function. Also, there was no evidence that passive smoking affected either lung function or symptoms of adults. There was no association between prevalence of self-reported cough and/or phlegm in parents and their children. There was a highly significant association between the prevalence of wheeze in parents and their younger children, for whom parents reported this symptom. Wheeze in children was also significantly associated with a parental history of asthma, and lung function was lower in children with a family history of asthma. Even after accounting for height, weight, age, sex and race, children's lung function correlated significantly with parents' lung function. However, the contribution of familial factors (i.e., parents' lung function, smoking, and history of asthma) to children's lung function is small compared to the effects of height, weight and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serological studies of the role of the respiratory syncytial virus in acute respiratory diseases in children].

The presence of the syncytial respiratory virus was determined by CF in 281 children admitted with acute respiratory diseases between 15 Sept. 1971 and 30 Dec. 1973, using the Long antigen prepared in the "St. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest. In 38 children (13.5%) a serologic diagnosis of infection with the syncytial virus was established; in the other cases of respiratory infection of different etiology, antibodies to the syncytial virus were found in low but constant titers in both serum samples. The presence of these antibodies in a high proportion of the children points to the wide circulation of the syncytial virus in the infantile population, with all its clinico-epidemiologic implications.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Exercise-induced electrocardiographic changes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases: differential diagnosis by 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT.

UNLABELLED: Evaluation of possible cardiac complications is essential for safe and effective respiratory rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). The aim of this study is to clarify the pathophysiology of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during exercise and the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in CRD patients without a history of myocardial ischemia. METHODS: We studied 42 CRD patients with exercise-induced ST depression by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). They were selected from 249 consecutive CRD patients without any history of CAD who underwent CPET between January 1999 and December 2001. Thirty-three patients without respiratory diseases who had positive ST depression during exercise were selected as disease control subjects. Exercise myocardial SPECT was performed to evaluate myocardial ischemia and right ventricular (RV) overload as measured by increased RV uptake. RESULTS: Among the 249 consecutive CRD patients without any history of CAD, positive ST depression during exercise was found in 42 (16.9%). Only 2 of the 42 patients (4.8%) had an ST depression other than in II, III, or aVF leads. The incidence of myocardial ischemia by perfusion SPECT was significantly lower in CRD patients (26.2%) than in disease control subjects (78.8%). The most common finding in the CRD patients during exercise was RV overload but without ischemia (26 cases; 61.9%). Ischemia was found in 11 patients (26.2%), with 10 of these patients also having RV overload. Neither ischemia nor RV overload was found in 5 patients (11.9%); these patients were eventually diagnosed as normal. CONCLUSION: The incidence of myocardial ischemia as determined by perfusion SPECT was low in CRD patients with positive exercise-induced ECG changes. On the other hand, RV overload was observed in most such cases. Cardiac perfusion SPECT is a useful technique to evaluate cardiac ischemia and RV overload simultaneously. CPET with 12-lead ECG monitoring is necessary in CRD patients before respiratory rehabilitation. Further examination for ischemia should be done if positive ST depression is found.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Virulence properties of Escherichia coli isolated from ostriches with respiratory disease.

Eight Escherichia coli isolates from ostriches with respiratory disease were investigated for the presence of genes encoding the following adhesins: type 1 pili (fim), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S fimbriae (sfa), afimbrial adhesin (afaI), temperature regulated adhesin, curli (crl, csgA) and temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh). Genes for heat labile (LT) and heat stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnf), alpha-haemolysin (hly) and aerobactin (aer) production were also investigated. Other characteristics investigated were the presence of hemagglutination activity, growth on an iron-deficient medium, aerobactin production, serum resistance, adherence to chicken tracheal cells, pathogenicity for day-old chicks, and serogroup. Serogrouping showed that four isolates belonged to serogroup O2, two to serogroup O78, one to serogroup O9, and one to serogroup O21. The virulence genes found were: fim in all eight isolates, csgA in seven, aer in six, and pap, crl and tsh in one isolate each. All isolates analyzed were positive for mannose-resistant hemagglutination, adhered in vitro to ciliated tracheal epithelium, grew on iron-deficient medium, and showed serum resistance. Pathogenicity tests on day-old chickens revealed one highly pathogenic isolate, three of low pathogenicity and four isolates with intermediate pathogenicity.

Adhesins, Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

Effects of temperature and air pollutants on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases for males and females older than 65 years of age in Tokyo, July and August 1980-1995.

We studied exposures to higher daily maximum temperatures and concentrations of air pollutants in Tokyo during the summer months of July and August from 1980 to 1995 and their effects on hospital emergency transports for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases for males and females > 65 years of age. Cardiovascular diseases were angina, cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. Respiratory diseases were asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. Except for pneumonia, daily maximum temperatures were not associated with hospital emergency transports. Increasing daily maximum temperatures, however, were associated with decreased hospital emergency transports for hypertension. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide or particulate matter < or = 10 microm, however, were associated with daily hospital emergency transports for angina, cardiac insufficiency, myocardial infarction, asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. For cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, myocardial infarction, asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia, the expected daily number of emergency transports per million were greater for males than for females. For angina and acute bronchitis, there were no differences for the expected daily numbers of emergency transports per million between males and females.

Aged↗