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PubMed1978

Rape: sexual assault.

Forcible rape is a violent crime, as are all cases of sexual assault. In more than one-third of the cases, the victims are children, and a significant number of victims are elderly women. Although few of these victims have serious physical injuries, they all suffer psychological trauma that will affect their lives and the lives of those around them. All of these victims need medical care and psychologic counseling if they are to adjust and reenter society without difficulty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing students' assessments of behaviorally self-blaming rape victims.

A review of evidence relating to adaptiveness of behavioral self-blame is presented with results of a study of the reactions of senior baccalaureate nursing students (N = 144) to vignettes of rape victims who differed in terms of behavioral self-blame (present or absent), affect (positive or negative), and lapsed time since attack (1 month, 6 months, 1 year). Students' assessments of victims' adjustment varied with findings in the literature on length of time needed for recovery and the usefulness of behavioral self-blame.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1974

The medical investigation of alleged rape.

The web of human entanglement resulting from the cry "rape" may twist and disrupt the lives of the persons involved. The physician who is prepared and able to deal with the forensic medical aspects of the problem can play a vital role in the determination of innocence or guilt. And, if he is prepared to recognize and deal with the psychologic problems, the emotional distress and the anxiety, the physician can provide invaluable help.

Emotions↗
PubMed1978

The spectrum of alleged rape.

A prospective series of 110 alleged rape victims from July through November 1974 at Denver General Hospital is presented. The victims and assailants are characterized. The laboratory established proof of recent coitus in 68%. Four-fifths of the victims presented within 12 hours of the alleged incident. The analysis of ABO vaginal antigens appears to be promising for assailant identification. Follow-up by appointment in this group was successful in only 5%. Only a minority of cases led to arrest and criminal proceedings. Suggestions are made for alternative approaches to victims based on new developments in forensic laboratory procedures.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Factors associated with rape as predictors of laboratory aggression against women.

This study examined the relation between factors associated with "real"-world aggression against women and laboratory aggression. In the first phase of the research, assessment was made of the attitudes about aggression against women and of the sexual responsiveness to rape of 42 male subjects. In the second phase of the research, which subjects believed was a totally independent experiment, aggression was assessed within a Buss paradigm. It was found that the factors assessed in the first phase successfully predicted men's laboratory aggression in the second research phase. The data are interpreted as supporting the construct validity of (a) theory that suggests that common factors underlie varied acts of aggression against women, (b) the measures designed to predict aggressive tendencies, and (c) the methodology of assessing aggression within a laboratory context.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Current concepts of rape victim management.

Recommendations for the psychological and medical management of the rape victim are made, as are recommendations on the gathering of medicolegal evidence. The practitioner is a key figure in prevention of secondary victimization. The use of ancillary personnel is recommended.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Prostatic acid phosphatase, aspermia, and alcoholism in rape cases.

In a few alleged rape cases, examination of vaginal secretions will be negative for spermatozoa but positive for significant levels of prostatic acid phosphatase. These laboratory results can occur in cases in which the accused is known to have sired children. The most common etiologic factors for the aspermia are vasectomies and chronic alcoholism with or without cirrhosis.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal identification of paternity. HLA typing helpful after rape.

The HLA antigens system is extremely polymorphic, and HLA typing is now widely used for both the exclusion and the positive assignment of paternity. We have also used HLA typing for identification of paternity of fetal cells in a pregnancy detected a few weeks after the rape of a woman. The HLA typing indicated that the father of the fetus was the woman's husband, with a probability of 25:1 (96%), before the time the rapist could also be tested. Subsequently, the accused rapist was excluded as a potential father because he lacked all of the paternal antigens detected in the fetus. This prediction was confirmed after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A technical suggestion for laboratory tests in cases of rape].

The paper suggests completing the clinical tests carried out in cases of rape by collecting material not only from the fornix of the vagina but also from the cervical canal using cotton-wool buds, and examining any spermatozoa adhering to the cotton filaments by staining with Baecchi's method. Alternatively, the paper suggests carrying out these tests in anticipation of their possible use as forensic evidence if requested by the court.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1993

Adolescent acquaintance rape. ACOG committee opinion: Committee on Adolescent Health Care Number 122--May 1993.

Acquaintance rape is a widespread problem among adolescents. Obstetrician-gynecologists are faced with the difficult responsibility of identifying victims and providing effective preventive counseling. Recognizing the behavioral signals exhibited by victims and understanding adolescents' attitudes toward violence will enable the health care provider to effectively screen patients for current or past victimization and empower the adolescent with preventive strategies to avoid future violence in dating relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A condom--the critical link in a rape.

An intact condom, reputedly used during a rape, was submitted for forensic examination. Conventional biochemistry results indicated that blood found on one side of the condom may have originated from the victim. Semen from the other side of the condom was not characterizable by conventional biochemical methods. Pubic hairs recovered from the condom matched those of the victim and not those of the suspect. Testing the blood and semen from the condom by DNA analysis gave the profile of the victim from the blood and the profile of the suspect from the semen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Anxiety and depression levels in rape offenders].

Whether the active subject of rape possesses a particular personality trait is a much debated matter. It is an accepted fact that a small amount of rapists fall into the sadistic diagnostic category. Other psychopatologic traits likely to identify a rapist are, however, unknown. The present study was carried over at a jail near the city of Xalapa (Veracruz) Mexico. Hamilton, IDARE, and Zung scales, in their modified Spanish version were applied to a sample of imprisoned adult rapists. Compared to their control group (men serving sentences for other felonies), rapists scored higher in anxiety, and depression scales. In the light of these results, it is suggested that some rapists are likely to be anxious-depressive subjects that, after having "acquired" a sociopathic repertoire, offend other people in conditions of indefensiveness, contrary to depressive subjects who aggress themselves.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Management of the rape victim.

A woman's response to rape can be divided into three phases: an acute reaction, an intermediate stage and a period of resolution. Proper management of the physical and emotional problems of each phase, ideally by the woman's family doctor or gynecologist, may prevent future problems. Treatment during the first phase includes responding to the emotional needs of the patient as well as doing a pelvic and general physical examination to detect any injuries; information for possible legal procedures may be obtained quickly and efficiently. Follow-up particularly psychological, is important in the second and third phases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Rape--a personal account.

At the time of the rape the author was a first-year student of social work. Her description of the experience and of the complex process of recovery makes evident the paucity of the social services that were available to her and the ways in which they could have helped.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

The sensitivity of forensic tests for rape.

The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the types of forensic evidence gathered during clinical examinations in cases of sexual assault, and to review the literature regarding the sensitivity of individual procedures. The methodology involved a computerized literature search of the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cinahl and HealthStar databases from 1992 to 1996, and a secondary search involving consultation with local facilities and manual searching of reference lists. Based on our review, the chance of finding positive evidence is largely time-dependent, particularly regarding sperm and seminal products, which are weighted most heavily in rape investigations. The best chance of recovering seminal evidence is most frequently stated as being less than 50%, with far lower chances after 24 hours. Specific tests such as pubic hair combing would not be expected to yield evidence in more than 4% of cases. That test, while of low sensitivity, is at least not as invasive as some of the others. More invasive tests, such as sampling from the rectal cavity, yield positive sperm findings in fewer than 2% of cases. The importance of ensuring that those working in the field of sexual assault understand that no positive finding on forensic tests does not mean that no attack occurred is highlighted. Medico-legal implications are discussed and suggestions for future research initiatives are highlighted.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Intoxication caused by ingestion of rape oil denatured with aniline.

One hundred seventy children, 16 months to 14 years of age, were intoxicated by the ingestion of rape oil denatured with aniline. The most frequent findings were fever, itch, adenopathy, hepatomegaly, and varied exanthems. A few weeks after the onset of the disease, more than a third of the patients experienced a syndrome similar to scleroderma. After more than nine months, three patients were found to be seriously impaired. Two girls died of measles contracted during the course of the intoxication. Prednisone caused dramatic and rapid symptomatic relief.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Isolation and characterization of main albumin fractions of seeds from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and rape (Brassica napus L.)].

The main fractions of the albumins from sunflower and rapeseeds (isolated by means of precipitation with ammonium sulphate or tannin + caffeine and subsequent gel chromatography) are low-molecular, very basic proteins. Their molecular weights range from 10 000 to 16 000, and their isoelectric points (determined by isoelectric focusing and free electrophoresis) are situated at pH greater than 10.0. From the circular dichroism in the wavelength range from 200 to 240 nm it is deduced that the main fraction of the rape albumin is a well-structured protein with 40-46% alpha-helix in aqueous and salt-containing solutions. Denaturation by heating is achieved only at temperatures about 100 degrees C and pH values greater than 9. 20% alpha-helix are left after the action of 8 M urea. This conformational stability is explained by the presence of disulphide linkages in the molecule.

Albumins↗
PubMed1979

[Improvement in the quality of rape seed by combining silage with fodder sugar beets. 2. Changes in glucosinolate derivatives and fat contents].

Industrial and laboratory-scale studies showed that the combined silage fermentation of rape-seed flakes with half sugar mangels leds to a very beneficial reduction in the content of glucosinolate derivatives, especially during the first week of fermentation and storage processes on the qualitative and quantitative fatty-acid parameters were but significant.

Animal Feed↗