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PubMed1983

[Incidence of and indications for cesarean sections in the Quebec, Canada region 1973 and 1979].

This study describes the frequency of cesarean sections and their indications in eleven hospitals located in the Quebec City area, in 1973 and 1979. Information on cesarean sections was abstracted from hospital records. Birth certificates provide the information on all deliveries. From 1973 to 1979, the cesarean delivery rate increased from 7.9 to 13.6 per 100 deliveries. Repeat cesarean sections account for 40.4% of this increase, while primary cesarean sections for dystocia, breech presentation and fetal distress explain respectively 21.1%, 21.1% and 12.3% of the rise. Prolonged labour, prolonged rupture of membranes, general anesthesia and pre-term repeat cesarean section were observed less frequently among cesarean sections in 1979. Moreover, Apgar scores were higher in 1979 than in 1973.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ambient air concentration of asbestos fibres, dust content and mortality: the case of Asbestos, Quebec.

Ambient air concentrations of asbestos fibres were measured during the period 20 June to 12 August, 1980 at three locations; Danville, Asbestos and Wottenville in the eastern townships of Quebec. Measurements were made with low-volume samplers and measurement periods ranged from 3 to 13 days. Fibre counts were made by means of electron microscopy. Our results indicate that overall fibre concentrations are related to atmospheric stability and to the direction of the prevailing wind with respect to the source of emission. Fibre concentrations are then related to total dust content of the ambient air for the town of Asbestos. Spatial variations of mortality are in turn related to the variations in the concentration of ambient air dust particles.

Air Movements↗
PubMed1984

Decentralization/regionalization in health care: the Quebec experience.

The decentralization policy in Canada was initially aimed at decentralizing the management of services by creating regional bodies within which interested parties would participate in establishing priorities, elaborating programs, allocating resources and assessing program efficiency and effectiveness. A look at the Quebec experience provides insight into the difficulties and implications of decentralization.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1983

[Incidence of arterial hypertension in the Quebec region].

The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of high blood pressure (HBP) in Quebec suburbs and evaluate age, baseline blood pressure level and overweight as determinants of future hypertension. From a cohort of 4828 men, aged 35-64, screened in 1974, 1090 normotensives (blood pressure less than 160/95 mmHg without medication) free of cardiovascular disease were re-evaluated in 1979-1980. Among these 1090 men, 183 have developed a blood pressure greater than or equal to 160/95 mmHg or less than 160/95 mmHg associated with antihypertensive medication. There was no significant variation of the incidence by age (10-year strata). In the group of subjects with a baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 and 159 mmHg the incidence of systolic hypertension was 6.3 times higher than in the group with baseline SBP less than 140 mmHg. Similarly, in the group of subjects with a baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 90 and 94 mmHg the incidence of diastolic hypertension was 3 times higher than in the group with a baseline DBP less than 90 mmHg. The incidence of HBP was correlated with overweight. Furthermore overweight was a highly prevalent risk factor in the study population. In summary, the incidence of HBP is 169 per 1000 in 5 years. Baseline blood pressure and overweight are strong determinants of a future HBP and can be used to identify the high risk subgroup.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Raynaud's phenomenon in forestry workers in Quebec.

A survey of 1540 forestry workers in Quebec found a prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon of 30.5% among chain-saw users and 8.7% among nonusers. Prevalence was related directly to duration of use of the chain-saw. The mean interval (+/- the standard deviation) between the time the chain-saw was first used and the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon was 7.8 +/- 5.6 years. After 20 years of chain-saw use over 50% of the population had Raynaud's phenomenon. Relative risks among those using a chain-saw for more than 10 years were 3.60 for nonsmokers and 6.55 for smokers. Other factors associated with the phenomenon included a family history of nonoccupational Raynaud's phenomenon, previous injuries to the arms, climate and type of residence during the wood-cutting season. Decreased work capacity, interference with leisure activities and changes in professional orientation often resulted from this disease. These problems should be taken into account when disability compensation is being considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Follow-up respiratory measurements in Quebec chrysotile asbestos miners and millers.

In 1974 changes in dyspnea, lung function, and pneumoconiotic radiographic abnormalities were recorded among the 1,015 Quebec chrysotile miners and millers surveyed in 1967-1968. The aim was to relate these changes to dust exposure--age, smoking, and earlier health status being taken into account. Dyspnea and lung function were assessed in 722 men, and for 277 recent radiographs were read separately by three experts for changes in the parenchyma and pleura. Each measure was analyzed independently for men without any abnormality when first seen (eligible for "attack") and for others (eligible for progression/regression). Age significantly influenced the rate of attack of pleural abnormality and the rates of attack and progression of dyspnea and lung function decline. Smoking had comparatively minor effects. The only associations with exposure were for progression of parenchymal change (one reader), and for progression of dyspnea. These essentially negative findings are similar to those obtained in a previous longitudinal survey of radiographs from the same workforce.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Telemedicine in northern Quebec.

Television transmission of diagnostic and educational information can help to improve specialized medical care in remote and underserviced areas. This paper describes a pilot study in which the Canadian satellite Anik-B was used to link the James Bay area in northern Quebec with two large Montreal teaching hospitals. Broad-band real-time television was well suited for tele-education and teleconsultation activities. A much less costly method, using narrow-band slow-scan television, was also examined, but it requires improvements. The technology of telemedicine is in place, but its future use is impeded by the prohibitive costs of operating an efficient two-way broad-band television system for several remote health care sites. A solution to this problem may be an intermediate-band system combining some of the low-cost features of narrowband slow-scan television with the interactive high-resolution advantages of broad-band real-time television.

Canada↗
PubMed1982

Attitudes and opinions on health and medical care - a case study of the rural population of the Eastern Townships (Quebec).

This paper presents the relationship between concepts of attitude, perception of the availability of health care, scepticism toward medical care, scepticism toward medical practitioners, dependence resulting from illness and certain socioeconomic and demographic variables. The authors used the multiple classification analysis (M.C.A.) technique to put into operation these relationships. The findings show that age and income are, respectively, the best indicators of the perceptions of the availability of medical care and of the dependence resulting from illness. These findings corroborate the most recent research concerning the use of psychosocial factors to explain accessibility to medical care. The data used in this study come from an investigation during the summer of 1978 which involved 215 rural families from the Eastern Townships (Quebec).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Malignant mesothelioma in Quebec.

All known, fatal cases of mesothelioma in the period 1960-1978 in the Province of Quebec are reviewed, because much of the world's chrysotile has been produced there and because there is also exposure to other types of asbestos. Of the 254 mesotheliomas registered, 181 were in males and 73 in females; occupational and residential histories were obtained for 91% of men and 86% of women. About 40% of male cases were probably attributable to occupational asbestos exposure; only 5.4% of females cases had been exposed occupationally. Intervals between first employment and death from mesothelioma were longer for miners and millers than for manufacturing workers: exposures of chrysotile miners and millers were mainly long and fairly low, while many factory workers had had short exposures. All tumours in miners and millers were pleural, while in factory workers, eight were peritoneal and two pleural and peritoneal. The evidence from this survey supports the view that the risk of mesothelioma after exposure to crocidolite is many times greater than that after chrysotile.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1981

[Exposure rates in fluoroscopy in Quebec].

For the past two years, the authors have measured by means of an ionization chamber the exposure rates of 155 fluoroscopic systems. Of these, 42% measured beyond the maximum of 5 R/min recommended by radiation protection codes. Systems linked to a television chain functioned at generally lower levels. There was no significant difference between remote controlled and non remote systems. However, appreciable differences between the units of two manufacturers were observed. The corrective measures which must follow this survey will result for Quebec in a saving of 2.0 millions of rads to the population which becomes, without doubt, the single most important factor of radiation protection.

Fluoroscopy↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9 from Quebec by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting and ribotyping.

This study was undertaken to assess the discriminatory value of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) analysis and ribotyping of 21 Serpulina hyodysenteriae isolates of serotypes 8 and 9. For REF analysis, DNAs were digested with the BglII restriction enzyme and the resultant fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For ribotyping, hybridization of BglII genomic fragments with a probe of rrnB operon using an Escherichia coli rDNA probe was performed on all isolates. Although many isolates shared a common pattern by BglII REF and BglII ribotyping analysis, differences among some S. hyodysenteriae isolates were observed. REF and ribotyping using BglII restriction enzyme, were not specific for serotypes. The predominance of an REF and a ribotype pattern among S. hyodysenteriae isolates from Quebec suggested that epidemiologically important S. hyodysenteriae types occur in different swine herds.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1993

Genetic amniocentesis: a six-years experience in an isolated region of northeastern Quebec (Canada).

The indications, results and outcomes of 508 genetic amniocenteses performed during a 6-years period in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (SLSJ), a geographically isolated region of Quebec were reviewed. The geographical distribution of the residences showed that women living in urban communities were more likely to have an amniocentesis than those coming from rural communities. Advanced maternal age was the most frequent indication (62%) while a family history of hereditary disease was an indication in 9%, which is higher than in other published series. The rate of abnormal results in SLSJ was similar to those obtained in other series except for the rate found in amniocenteses done for hereditary diseases (4.3% versus 17.4-45.5%). All the pregnancies for which an abnormal result, but balanced translocations, was found were interrupted or ended spontaneously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Importance of Escherichia coli in young beef calves from northwestern Quebec.

The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the prevalence of Escherichia coli producing F5 (K99), F41, or F165 fimbriae and STa enterotoxin; (ii) to determine serum antibody levels against these fimbriae; (iii) and to examine the association between bacteriological and serological results and the presence of diarrhea, in beef calves from northwestern Quebec. A total of 373 live three to four week old calves and 27 dead calves were sampled between January and March 1991. No isolates positive for F5 were detected in live calves, and only one E. coli producing STa and F41 was isolated. Escherichia coli producing F41-like surface antigens or F165 fimbriae were isolated from 17.43% and 5.63% of live calves, respectively. Antibodies against F5, F41 and F165 were low. Escherichia coli isolates positive for F41-like surface antigen were most often observed in calves born between January and March. No association was found between bacteriological and serological findings, nor between these findings and diarrhea. Calves born from dams vaccinated against E. coli had higher median antibody levels than those born from unvaccinated dams. No E. coli positive for F5 or F41 fimbriae were isolated from dead calves. Escherichia coli with F41-like surface antigen or F165 were found in 55.56% and 11.11% of ileal samples; 4% and 16% of cecal samples, and 0% and 7.4% of colon samples, respectively. Escherichia coli positive for F41-like surface antigen were detected significantly more frequently in the ileum (chi (2)2df = 31.01, p < 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Variability of the genetic contribution of Quebec population founders associated to some deleterious genes.

Relatively high frequencies of some rare inherited disorders can be found in the Saguenay Region (Quebec). To understand this phenomenon, a research project on the 17th-century founder effect that led to the formation of French Canadians' gene pool is being carried out. The focus of this study is on founders who contributed to the Saguenay gene pool and who are related to contemporary probands suffering from any one of five hereditary diseases: cystic fibrosis, tyrosinemia, hemochromatosis, Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia, and sensorimotor polyneuropathia with or without agenesis of the corpus callosum. A control group has been added for comparison purposes. Altogether, 545 ascending genealogies have been reconstructed, using the Interuniversity Institute for Population Research's RETRO database, leading to > 2,500 founders. The genetic contribution of each founder to each group has been measured. Results show that (1) nearly 80% of the individuals' gene pool come from founders who settled in Nouvelle-France in the 17th century, whatever the group; (2) 15% of the founders explain 90% of the total genetic contribution of the founders, but this pattern varies from one group to another; (3) there is no subgroup of founders more related to any given group of individuals.

Genes↗
PubMed1995

Toxins and tradition: the impact of food-chain contamination on the Inuit of northern Quebec.

The dependence of Quebec Inuit on their traditional diet, known as "country food," is complicated by the presence of toxins in the northern food chain. Dr. Eric Dewailly's unexpected finding of high levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Inuit women's breast milk prompted years of research into this troubling public health issue. In his recent study of heavy-metal contaminants Dewailly found that mercury and organic chlorine compounds such as PCBs were the major toxins in Inuit blood samples. Although not present at levels high enough to endanger adults, these contaminants may have adverse developmental effects on fetuses and breast-fed infants. Although country food is a major source of contaminants, it contains important nutrients that counter some of the toxic effects. Dewailly's research indicates that the nutritional, economic and cultural benefits of country food far outweigh the risks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Systemic necrotizing vasculitis and glomerulonephritis in grower pigs in southwestern Quebec.

This purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and the pathological findings of an unusual condition observed in pigs of a fattening unit in southwestern Quebec. Two of these pigs were submitted for complete postmortem examination. The disease was characterized by a systemic necrotizing vasculitis and an exudative and proliferative glomerulonephritis. In the skin, the vascular lesions produced a conspicuous papular dermatopathy with a characteristic distribution. Bacteriological and virological results were inconclusive. In the glomeruli, there were extensive granular complement deposits with scattered immunoglobulin M. Transmission electron microscopy did not reveal any dense deposits in glomerular basement membrane. The cause of this newly recognized and potentially lethal condition remains unknown, although histological and immunopathological observations suggest an immune-mediated process.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1995

Mitochondrial and nuclear genetic contribution of female founders to a contemporary population in northeast Quebec.

A common challenge in population genetics is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of populations on the basis of current allele frequencies. Through pedigree analysis, we have the opportunity to study the genetic contribution of founders to the contemporary population. This contribution over many generations accounts for the probable introduction, survival, and extinction of genes in the population. I use this method to follow nuclear and mitochondrial genes in the Saguenay population of northeast Quebec by tracing back ascending genealogies of 160,315 individuals born between 1950 and 1971 by using the BALSAC database. This study leads us to conclude that even in a growing population, the loss rate of mtDNA is high. The survival of mtDNA in the population is independent of the time of introduction in the population. The number of copies of a particular mtDNA gene in the contemporary population is higher for genes introduced earlier, but the correlation between these two variables is low (the relation is not linear). Compared to nuclear contribution, mitochondrial contribution is higher, but the loss rate of nuclear DNA is lower. The differential contribution (the fact that few founders contribute a lot) is the same proportion for nuclear and mtDNA, but only 592 female founders contribute 50% of the mtDNA gene pool of the contemporary cohort, compared to 994 for nuclear DNA. Since we have no molecular data on founders' haplotypes, these results cannot give us the diversity level in the population. However, this study enables us to compare the evolutionary fates of nuclear and mitochondrial genes in this expanding population.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The opinions of Quebec physicians regarding AIDS: Part II].

Based on a representative sample of Quebec physicians (n = 879), this study assesses physicians' motivation to perform a clinical examination on an HIV-infected patient and their opinion about issues related to HIV screening. Confronted with an HIV-infected patient, 70% of physicians would perform a clinical examination; however, more senior medical specialists with fewer contacts with patients seem less inclined to perform a clinical examination on these patients. Almost 80% agree with a mandatory nominal confidential notification of positive HIV screenees. However, 33% agree with the practice of contact tracing and 40% consider it acceptable to test a patient without his or her explicit consent. Even if Canada does not regulate the testing of immigrants for HIV, more than 75% of the respondents agree with such a policy. Finally, a negative association was observed between the intent to perform a clinical examination on an HIV-infected patient and a favourable attitude toward the screening of immigrants and the testing of patients without their consent.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗