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PubMedDate not supplied

[A metapsychological reading of questioning by police and during criminal investigations].

The pursuit and reception of a confession during police interrogation and cross examination lead to a dynamic interaction between interrogator and interrogated which can be examined under the light of psychoanalytical concepts. This reference framework enables a reading of the different positions occupied by the interrogator with regard to the interrogated, and allows to understand certain mechanisms in the arrival of a confession as well as some of its effects.

Criminology↗

PubMed1990

Dietary intakes of police department employees in a wellness program.

A 12-month nutrition program was developed and implemented as a project of the Wellness Department of the Austin Police Department (APD). Forty APD employees began the program; 24 completed the dietary portion of the study. A comparison of 7-day dietary intakes recorded before and after the program indicated a decrease in energy intake from a mean of 2,273 +/- 694 kcal/day to 1,379 +/- 364 kcal/day (p less than .001). Percentage of energy from protein increased from 16% to 21% (p less than .001), and energy from fat decreased from 42% to 36% (p less than .05). Percentages of energy from carbohydrate and alcohol were not significantly different from the beginning to the end of the study. Daily intakes of cholesterol decreased from 405 +/- 188 mg/day to 295 +/- 132 mg/day (p less than .05). Phosphorus and iron intakes decreased significantly (p less than .01 and p less than .001, respectively), while intakes of calcium remained constant. Mean consumption of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin decreased significantly (p less than .01, p less than .05, and p less than .01, respectively). The changes in vitamin A and ascorbic acid intakes were not significant. Results indicated that a nutrition education program can effect positive changes toward better food choices. However, dietitians working with similar populations should stress eating patterns that include foods dense in micronutrients.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Forensic examination in cases of rape and attempted rape reported to the police. A study of a new procedure used in the municipality of Copenhagen].

Increasing recognition of the late psychological sequelae of rape has resulted in alteration in the practice of medico-legal investigation in the Municipality of Copenhagen with the offer of psychological treatment free of charge. During a period of two years, 100 women were examined and 20% of these accepted psychological treatment. The percentage of women seeking psychological treatment was greatest among those who were examined in the new premises attached to the psychiatric clinic of the University Hospital. These premises satisfy a number of needs but are not optimal. A recent committee publication proposes a special clinic for victims of sexual assaults not only the women who have reported the case to the police but also those who have not reported it. A department such as this must be considered to be the optimal solution for solution of the requirements of victims of rape. The 20 women who received psychological treatment presented psychological symptoms of the same type and degree as described in other investigations, and these symptoms were not found to have any definite relation to the nature of the rape, its violence or defensive actions made by the women. As compared with the frequency of psychological sequelae described in the literature, only few women sought psychological aid. The explanation of this may be problems in organization at the commencement of the new arrangement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Police shootings. The Metropolitan Dade County experience from 1956 to 1982.

Police shootings, or, when law enforcement officers shoot and kill criminal suspects, have been studied in metropolitan Dade County from 1956 to 1982. A total of 194 cases have been studied and analyzed according to age, race, sex, Spanish surname, alcohol and/or drugs detected at autopsy, and prior criminal arrest record of the victim. The reason(s) for the shooting and any agencies involved have also been noted. Finally, an appendix is included that provides guidelines for the forensic pathologist on how to approach a case.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1983

[Comparative study of the effects of sultopride and haloperidol in agitation states. 94 cases at the psychiatric infirmary of the Paris police headquarters].

We report the results of a comparative study of sultopride and haloperidol in two groups of 46 and 48 patients. The study was single-blind at first, then double-blind. It was carried out at the psychiatric infirmary of the central police station, run according to the law of June 30th, 1938, which allows to detain patients presenting with severe agitation during 24 hours or more for observation and treatment. The target symptom is psychomotor agitation. The purpose is to make a psychiatric interview possible without suppressing all the clinical manifestations or masking the patient's personality. The efficiency of both drugs seems comparable but is better with sultopride given initially in high dosages. As its side-effects are mild and are not aggravated when dosages are increased sultopride is the choice neuroleptic for the initial treatment of psychomotor agitation in patients admitted in the specific conditions of deferred emergencies.

Amisulpride↗

PubMed1984

Suggested guidelines for the use of forensic hypnosis techniques in police investigations.

This article suggests standards and guidelines for the use of forensic hypnosis techniques in police investigations. Topics addressed include the type of procedures that should be used, intervention milieu considerations that need to be taken into account, the types of cases in which hypnosis should be avoided, and recommended qualifications for those performing the intervention. Each of these topics is discussed separately, commencing with a summary of the applicable policies established by selected law enforcement, professional, judicial, and governmental entities; a brief review of the pertinent theoretical and empirical literature; and commentary on the extent to which that information supports those policies. After laying this foundation, additional guidelines derived from the literature are presented for each section.

Crime↗

PubMed1983

Stress among police detectives.

The sources of stress among police detectives were explored. Type A behavior was found to be a major precursor of self-perceived mental ill health. The organization of the detective service and environmental influences (e.g., the courts) were found to be major determinants of stress-related illnesses among detectives, with detective sergeants being particularly vulnerable to role-related stress.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Alcohol, drugs and narcotics in suicides in the Aarhus police district].

For a period of one year all suicides in Aarhus police district were investigated with a view to identifying the presence of alcohol or drugs in the body of the deceased. Fifty-one suicides occurred, 46 of which were examined. One third of the suicides were due to poisoning and one fourth to hanging. Alcohol was detected in 20% and drugs or narcotics were found in approximately 60%. The most frequent findings were benzodiazepines, analgetics, antidepressants and carbon monoxide. Approximately 40% of the deceased had received psychiatric treatment.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Discrepancies between police breath alcohol measurements in a field trial and blood alcohol concentration according to BGA guidelines and possible consequences for citizens].

Divergences between breath-alcohol values measured on the occasion of police field experiments and precise blood-alcohol determinations according to guidelines of the German National Institute of Health (BGA) are reported. In 169 selected cases the difference of time between breath analysis and drawing the blood sample was less than 15 minutes. The consequences regarding forensic relevant cut-off values (0.8, 1.1, and 1.6/1000 resp.) are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of cause of death in Central Rhine prisons and in police detention centers 1949 to 1990].

Using the documents from the Institute of Legal Medicine in Bonn, the deaths (86) in Middle Rhine detention centres and police custody since 1949 were investigated. All the deceased were male (average age 37, range: 18-67 years). As far as deaths from natural causes were concerned, death caused by myocardial infarction was the most frequent. The average age of myocardial infarction victims was 48. In two of these cases Koch's disease of the lung was diagnosed. Death of unnatural causes was the most frequently recorded, accounting for 63% of cases (suicide by hanging of incision injuries = 51%, and death by intoxication = 12.5%). Hanging was the most common means of committing suicide usually being discovered in the morning. Items of clothing and cell windows were the most commonly used objects. Nearly all the suicides were under the influence of alcohol. In 6.8% of cases the drug tests were positive.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Hepatitis B virus carrier prevalence in New Zealand: population estimates using the 1987 police and customs personnel survey.

AIM: To estimate the population hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier prevalence for adults in New Zealand. METHOD: Data for 1987 from the New Zealand Police Department and New Zealand Customs Department hepatitis B sero-marker survey were further analysed. The sample size was 5510 staff who had completed a questionnaire, had blood sera taken and were not already immunised against hepatitis B. RESULTS: Maori adults had a HBsAg carrier prevalence of 5.43% (95% confidence interval 3.07-8.81), Pacific adults 4.44% (1.65-9.42), and European adults 0.42% (0.26-0.65). Other ethnic minorities and people with two or more self-assigned ethnic identities had a carrier prevalence of 3.85% (1.06-9.56). There were non-significant differences in this study for carrier prevalence by sex, age and region. CONCLUSIONS: Policy formation on screening programmes for hepatitis B carriers should assume a HBsAg carrier prevalence of about 5% for Maori, Pacific people and ethnic minorities, and about 0.5% for New Zealanders of European extraction.

Adult↗

PubMed2002