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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Genotoxic effect of the insecticides pentachlorophenol and lindane on human nasal mucosal epithelium].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In numerous experimental and epidemiologic studies Pentachlorphenol (PCP) and Hexachlorcyclohexan (Lindane) have been shown to be of potential carcinogenic risk for human epithelial cells. In the past, these two substances have been used for both, military and non-military purposes, e.g. for impregnation of textiles and uniforms. In this study we investigated the genotoxic effect of PCP and Lindane on human mucosal tissue from the middle and lower nasal turbinate. METHODS: In biopsy samples obtained from nasal epithelia during surgery cell vitality was evaluated by trypan-blue-staining. The specimens were incubated for 60 minutes with PCP (0.3; 0.75 und 1.2 mumol/l) and Lindane (0.5; 0.75; and 1.0 mumol/ml). The induction of DNA-damage (single-strand-breaks and double-strand-breaks) caused by PCP and Lindane was measured using single-cell microgel electrophoresis. Evaluation was performed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Especially in mucosa cells from the middle turbinate severe DNA-damages were recognized after exposition to PCP and Lindane proposing a strong genotoxic effect. In cells from the lower turbinate DNA-changes caused by PCP and Lindane were significantly lower. However a considerable genotoxic effect was also present. CONCLUSION: This study shows for the first time that there are clear facts indicating mutagenic effects of PCP and Lindane on nasal epithelia. Furthermore, this is the first study showing different susceptibility of two anatomic subsites in the nose for different pesticides. Concerning the biological plausibility, this study offers important arguments for evaluating the role of PCP and Lindane in the induction of upper aerodigestive tract cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Placental transfer and teratology of pentachlorophenol in rats.

Pentachloro[U-14C]phenol was administered orally to Charles River CD strain pregnant rats on day 15 of gestation. Concentrations found in the placentas and fetuses up to 32 hr remained very small indicating that the amount that passes through the placental barrier is negligible. Unlabeled compound was administered on days 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 of gestation. The incidence of resorptions in the treated animals was not significantly greater than that in the controls. Although malformations were observed, the number was minimal and could have been due to the toxic effects of the compound on the maternal rat.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1976

The metabolism of lindance and its metabolites gamma-2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene, pentachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol in rats and the pathways of lindance metabolism.

The metabolism of lindane and its metabolites, gamma-PCCH, PCB, and PCP, has been studied in rats. Urine, faeces, blood and important organs were analyzed for free metabolities and those bound as beta-glucuronides. TeCCOL was identified as a main metabolite by GC/MS and gamma-PCCH has been evaluated toxicologically. A degradation scheme, based on experimental results and comprising only one hypothetical metabolite is proposed and discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Using of surfactant modified Fe-pillared bentonite for the removal of pentachlorophenol from aqueous stream.

The first part of this work considers the preparing of the adsorbent type Montm-FeOH-CTAC. After purification of two types Algerian bentonites (Maghnia and Mostaghanem) and preparation of cationic polyhydroxy ferric solution, we have optimized following parameters: CTAC/Montm.-FeOH = 7 mmol.g-1 and pH = 3.4, in order to obtain the adsorbent with maximum uptake of PCP. The study of the different experimental equilibrium isotherms showed clearly the high efficiency of these new adsorbents toward PCP, with significant quantities adsorbed especially onto Maghnia samples in acidic environment. Using two mathematical models Langmuir and Freundlich was found to be the Freundlich the best fitted. A comparative study of PCP adsorption onto the two modified clays and an activated carbon in the same conditions has been done.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1994

Phylogenetic evidence for transfer of pentachlorophenol-mineralizing Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-I(T) to the genus Mycobacterium.

We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 16S rRNA gene of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus PCP-I(T) (= DSM 43826T) (T = type strain). Sequence comparisons revealed that there was a close relationship between strain PCP-I(T) and strains belonging to the genus Mycobacterium. The sequence data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which showed that Mycobacterium chubuense is the closest relative of strain PCP-I(T). We propose that strain PCP-I(T) should be transferred to the genus Mycobacterium and renamed Mycobacterium chlorophenolicum PCP-I(T) comb. nov.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol by two brown rot fungi.

Wheat straw cultures of the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum striatum and G. trabeum degraded 2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachorophenol. Up to 54% and 27% 14CO2, respectively, were liberated from uniformly 14C-labeled substrates within 6 weeks. Under identical conditions Trametes versicolor, a typical white rot species employed as reference, evolved up to 42% and 43% 14CO2 and expressed high activities of laccase, manganese peroxidase, and manganese-independent peroxidase. No such activity could be detected in straw or liquid cultures of Gloeophyllum. Moreover, G. striatum degraded both chlorophenols most efficiently under non-cometabolic conditions, i.e. on a defined mineral medium lacking sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1987

Complete dechlorination of tetrachlorohydroquinone by cell extracts of pentachlorophenol-induced Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus.

In this paper we describe the sequence of reactions leading from tetrachloro-para-hydroquinone to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene by inducible enzymes of Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus. Tetrachlorohydroquinone was first converted to a dichlorotrihydroxybenzene in a reaction involving both hydrolytic and reductive dechlorination; no trichlorinated intermediate was detected. Dichlorotrihydroxybenzene was subsequently reductively dechlorinated to a monochlorotrihydroxybenzene and finally to 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. The cell extract also catalyzed, at a lower rate, reductive dechlorination of trichlorohydroquinone, mainly to 2,3-dichlorohydroquinone. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of reductive aromatic dechlorination by bacterial enzymes.

Aerobiosis↗