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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Popular films do not reflect current tobacco use.

This study examined trends in tobacco use in a random sample of 2 of the 20 top-grossing US films each year from 1960 through 1990 (62 films). The overall rate of tobacco use did not change. Films continue to portray smokers as successful, attractive White males. Smoking groups became larger, smoking alone declined, hostility and stress reduction were increasingly associated with smoking, and smoking by minor characters increased. Although smoking among elite characters fell, it remained nearly three times as prevalent as in actual population data during the 3 decades. Events involving young people more than doubled. Films do not accurately represent smoking in the United States.

Female↗
PubMed2001

The cigar revival and the popular press: a content analysis, 1987-1997.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine print media coverage of cigars during the period 1987 to 1997. METHODS: A content analysis of 790 cigar-focused newspaper and magazine articles was conducted. RESULTS: Cigar-focused articles increased substantially over the study period, paralleling increased cigar consumption. Articles focused on cigar business (39%) and events (19%). Only 4% of articles focused on health effects. Sixty-two percent portrayed cigars favorably. The tobacco industry was mentioned in 54% of articles and portrayed positively in 78%. Forty-two percent of the individuals quoted or described in articles were affiliated with the tobacco industry; only 5% were government/public health figures. CONCLUSIONS: Print coverage of cigars failed to communicate health risk messages and contributed to positive images of cigars.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

UGA read-through artifacts--when popular gene expression systems need a pATCH.

pET and similar vectors are widely used for efficient gene expression in Escherichia coli and subsequent protein purification, often by means of a C-terminal histidine (His) tag. We found that the TGA translation termination signal following the His-tag sequence in pET constructs gives rise to a significant fraction of read-through protein extended by 21 amino acids. Mass spectrometry indicated that tryptophan is inserted at the UGA (opal) stop codon in the examined non-opal suppressor strains; no evidence for translational frameshifting was detected. We have shown that the problem of obtaining heterogeneous protein preparations can easily be corrected. Plasmid pATCH1 provides a replacement sequence for the inefficient stop signal and can be used to repair both pET vectors and existing pET-based expression constructs. Our observation illustrates the largely ignored fact that a UGA codon is the worst choice for proper translation termination in efficient overexpression vectors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Popular opinion on tax cuts and Social Security.

A review of recent opinion polls reveals the U.S. public's views on budget priorities and Social Security. The public wants more spending on Social Security, Medicare, and other domestic programs, chiefly education and health care, and prefers these spending priorities--by up to a 70 percent majority--to paying down the national debt and cutting taxes. The public supports the Social Security system but doubts it can continue to deliver the goods. To remedy this problem, it is willing not only to use part of the surplus but to raise the cap on payroll taxes. The public does not support benefit cuts or an increase in the retirement age. And the public remains unsure to hostile about the role of the stock market, whether in individual accounts or in the Social Security trust fund.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Symptom-positively and -negatively worded items in two popular self-report inventories of anxiety and depression.

Substantially higher mean scores on symptom-negatively versus symptom-positively worded items have consistently been reported in the literature for the balanced State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In this study we aimed to replicate and extend these findings to Dutch trait versions of the inventory and Zung's similarly balanced Self-rating Depression Scale. Analysis indicated significantly higher mean subscale scores for symptom-negative as opposed to symptom-positive items of both measures, across sexes and age groups as well as across different levels of distress in nonclinical (n = 863), subclinical (n = 450), and clinical subject samples (n = 96). Sex and age differences were mainly confirmed to symptom-positive subscales. Scale intercorrelations were lowest between symptom-positively and symptom-negatively worded scales both within and across measures. Factor analyzing the combined measures identified a symptom-negative and a symptom-positive factor, tentatively labeled "absence of positive affect" and "presence of negative affect." Several explanations of the findings among which item-intensity specificity, the response style of social desirability, and the trait model of positive and negative affectivity are discussed.

Adult↗